Effect of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor and translationally controlled tumor protein on 2‑hydroxyethyl methacrylate‑treated pulp cells

Wongkhum,Chunyanut; Chotigeat,Wilaiwan; Kedjarune‑Leggat,Ureporn

doi:10.3892/mmr.2018.8593

Effect of recombinant vascular endothelial growth factor and translationally controlled tumor protein on 2‑hydroxyethyl methacrylate‑treated pulp cells

Authors:
- Chunyanut Wongkhum
- Wilaiwan Chotigeat
- Ureporn Kedjarune‑Leggat
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biotechnology and Bioinformatics, Faculty of Science, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand, Department of Oral Biology and Occlusion, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat Yai, Songkhla 90112, Thailand
Published online on: February 12, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2018.8593
Pages: 6100-6108

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF)-A is a potential signaling protein that may promote angiogenesis. VEGF also helps cells survive in stressfull or hazardous conditions. The present study aimed to compare the effect of VEGF with translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP), an anti‑apoptotic protein in human dental pulp cells (HDPCs), following exposure to 2‑hydroxyethyl methacrylate (HEMA), which is a major residual monomer from resin restorative dental materials. Cell viability, alkaline phosphatase (ALP) activity, mineralization and gene expressions for odontogenic and osteogenic differentiation markers of HDPCs were investigated, following exposure to HEMA and in combination with TCTP and VEGF. The results revealed that TCTP at 1 ng/ml and VEGF at 10 ng/ml significantly promoted the proliferation of HDPCs (P<0.05). TCTP (1 ng/ml) and VEGF (10 ng/ml) maintained the cell viability of 4 mM HEMA‑treated cells at the same percentage as the control. However, cells treated with HEMA+TCTP+VEGF had a lower cell viability than the groups treated with HEMA and TCTP or VEGF alone. TCTP and VEGF promoted cell proliferation, ALP activity and mineralization, and upregulated of DSPP, DMP‑1, BMP‑2, and ALP mRNA expression compared with the control. Furthermore, the HEMA+TCTP and HEMA+VEGF groups had significantly higher percentages of calcium deposition than HEMA‑treated cells (P<0.001). HEMA was cytotoxic to HDPCs, reduced ALP activity and caused the significant downregulation of odontogenic and osteogenic gene expressions (P<0.05). It was concluded that VEGF and TCTP promoted pulp cell growth and the survival of HEMA‑treated cells without synergistic effects. TCTP was required in lower concentrations for these effects. VEGF and TCTP enhanced cell differentiation and mineralization.

View Figures

View References

1	Virtej A, Løes S, Iden O, Bletsa A and Berggreen E: Vascular endothelial growth factors signalling in normal human dental pulp: A study of gene and protein expression. Eur J Oral Sci. 121:92–100. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Zhang J, Liu X, Yu W, Zhang Y, Shi C, Ni S, Liu Q, Li X, Sun Y, Zheng C and Sun H: Effects of human vascular endothelial growth factor on reparative dentin formation. Mol Med Rep. 13:705–712. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Yadlapati M, Biguetti C, Cavalla F, Nieves F, Bessey C, Bohluli P, Garlet GP, Letra A, Fakhouri WD and Silva RM: Characterization of a vascular endothelial growth factor-loaded bioresorbable delivery system for pulp regeneration. J Endod. 43:77–83. 2017. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Li X, Ma C, Xie X, Sun H and Liu X: Pulp regeneration in a full-length human tooth root using a hierarchical nanofibrous microsphere system. Acta Biomater. 35:57–67. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Matsushita K, Motani R, Sakuta T, Yamaguchi N, Koga T, Matsuo K, Nagaoka S, Abeyama K, Maruyama I and Torii M: The role of vascular endothelial growth factor in human dental pulp cells: Induction of chemotaxis, proliferation and differentiation and activation of the AP-1-dependent signaling pathway. J Dental Res. 79:1596–1603. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar
6	Gerber HP, McMurtrey A, Kowalski J, Yan M, Keyt BA, Dixit V and Ferrara N: Vascular endothelial growth factor regulates endothelial cell survival through the phosphatidylinositol 3′-kinase/Akt signal transduction pathway. Requirement for Flk-1/KDR activation. J Biol Chem. 273:30336–30343. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Latham AM, Odell AF, Mughal NA, Issitt T, Ulyatt C, Walker JH, Homer-Vanniasinkam S and Ponnambalam S: A biphasic endothelial stress-survival mechanism regulates the cellular response to vascular endothelial growth factor A. Exp Cell Res. 318:2297–2311. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Zhong Q, Zhou Y, Ye W, Cai T, Zhang X and Deng DY: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1-alpha-AA-modified bone marrow stem cells protect PC12 cells from hypoxia-induced apoptosis, partially through VEGF/PI3K/Akt/FoxO1 pathway. Stem Cells Dev. 21:2703–2717. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Mantellini MG, Botero T, Yaman P, Dennison JB, Hanks CT and Nor JE: Adhesive resin and the hydrophilic monomer HEMA induce VEGF expression on dental pulp cells and macrophages. Dent Mater. 22:434–440. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Ginzkey C, Zinnitsch S, Steussloff G, Koehler C, Hackenberg S, Hagen R, Kleinsasser NH and Froelich K: Assessment of HEMA and TEGDMA induced DNA damage by multiple genotoxicological endpoints in human lymphocytes. Dent Mater. 31:865–876. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Di Nisio C, D'Aurora M, di Giacomo V, Stuppia L, Cataldi A and Gatta V: Transcriptome modifications in human gingival fibroblasts exposed to 2-hydroxyethyl methacrylate. Gene. 582:38–46. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Kwon JH, Park HC, Zhu T and Yang HC: Inhibition of odontogenic differentiation of human dental pulp cells by dental resin monomers. Biomater Res. 19:82015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Amson R, Pece S, Marine JC, Di Fiore PP and Telerman A: TPT1/TCTP-regulated pathways in phenotypic reprogramming. Trends Cell Biol. 23:37–46. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Nagano-Ito M and Ichikawa S: Biological effects of Mammalian translationally controlled tumor protein (TCTP) on cell death, proliferation and tumorigenesis. Biochem Res Int. 2012:2049602012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Wanachottrakul N, Chotigeat W and Kedjarune-Leggat U: Translationally controlled tumor protein against apoptosis from 2-hydroxy-ethyl methacrylate in human dental pulp cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 22:1479–1487. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Wanachottrakul N, Chotigeat W and Kedjarune-Leggat U: Effect of novel chitosan-fluoroaluminosilicate resin modified glass ionomer cement supplemented with translationally controlled tumor protein on pulp cells. J Mater Sci Mater Med. 25:1077–1085. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Grando Mattuella L, Westphalen Bento L, de Figueiredo JA, Nor JE, de Araujo FB and Fossati AC: Vascular endothelial growth factor and its relationship with the dental pulp. J Endod. 33:524–530. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	Gerber HP, Dixit V and Ferrara N: Vascular endothelial growth factor induces expression of the antiapoptotic proteins Bcl-2 and A1 in vascular endothelial cells. J Biol Chem. 273:13313–13316. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Dias S, Shmelkov SV, Lam G and Rafii S: VEGF(165) promotes survival of leukemic cells by Hsp90-mediated induction of Bcl-2 expression and apoptosis inhibition. Blood. 99:2532–2540. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Susini L, Besse S, Duflaut D, Lespagnol A, Beekman C, Fiucci G, Atkinson AR, Busso D, Poussin P, Marine JC, et al: TCTP protects from apoptotic cell death by antagonizing bax function. Cell Death Different. 15:1211–1220. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
21	Thebault S, Agez M, Chi X, Stojko J, Cura V, Telerman SB, Maillet L, Gautier F, Billas-Massobrio I, Birck C, et al: TCTP contains a BH3-like domain, which instead of inhibiting, activates Bcl-xL. Sci Rep. 6:197252016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Suzuki S, Haruyama N, Nishimura F and Kulkarni AB: Dentin sialophosphoprotein and dentin matrix protein-1: Two highly phosphorylated proteins in mineralized tissues. Arch Oral Biol. 57:1165–1175. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Li B, Wang H, Qiu G, Su X and Wu Z: Synergistic effects of vascular endothelial growth factor on bone morphogenetic proteins induced bone formation in vivo: Influencing factors and future research directions. Biomed Res Int. 2016:28695722016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI