Immune and inflammatory gene signature in rat cerebrum in subarachnoid hemorrhage with microarray analysis

  • Authors:
    • Chu-I Lee
    • An-Kuo Chou
    • Ching-Chih Lin
    • Chia-Hua Chou
    • Joon-Khim Loh
    • Ann‑Shung  Lieu
    • Chih-Jen Wang
    • Chi-Ying F. Huang
    • Shen-Long Howng
    • Yi-Ren Hong
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: October 3, 2011     https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2011.614
  • Pages: 118-125
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Abstract

Cerebral vasospasm following subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH) has been studied in terms of a contraction of the major cerebral arteries, but the effect of cerebrum tissue in SAH is not yet well understood. To gain insight into the biology of SAH-expressing cerebrum, we employed oligonucleotide microarrays to characterize the gene expression profiles of cerebrum tissue at the early stage of SAH. Functional gene expression in the cerebrum was analyzed 2 h following stage 1-hemorrhage in Sprague-Dawley rats. mRNA was investigated by performing microarray and quantitative real-time PCR analyses, and protein expression was determined by Western blot analysis. In this study, 18 upregulated and 18 downregulated genes displayed at least a 1.5-fold change. Five genes were verified by real-time PCR, including three upregulated genes [prostaglandin E synthase (PGES), CD14 antigen, and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase 1 (TIMP1)] as well as two downregulated genes [KRAB‑zinc finger protein-2 (KZF-2) and γ-aminobutyric acid B receptor 1 (GABA B receptor)]. Notably, there were functional implications for the three upregulated genes involved in the inflammatory SAH process. However, the mechanisms leading to decreased KZF-2 and GABA B receptor expression in SAH have never been characterized. We conclude that oligonucleotide microarrays have the potential for use as a method to identify candidate genes associated with SAH and to provide novel investigational targets, including genes involved in the immune and inflammatory response. Furthermore, understanding the regulation of MMP9/TIMP1 during the early stages of SAH may elucidate the pathophysiological mechanisms in SAH rats.

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January 2012
Volume 5 Issue 1

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Spandidos Publications style
Lee C, Chou A, Lin C, Chou C, Loh J, Lieu AS, Wang C, Huang CF, Howng S, Hong Y, Hong Y, et al: Immune and inflammatory gene signature in rat cerebrum in subarachnoid hemorrhage with microarray analysis. Mol Med Rep 5: 118-125, 2012
APA
Lee, C., Chou, A., Lin, C., Chou, C., Loh, J., Lieu, A. ... Hong, Y. (2012). Immune and inflammatory gene signature in rat cerebrum in subarachnoid hemorrhage with microarray analysis. Molecular Medicine Reports, 5, 118-125. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2011.614
MLA
Lee, C., Chou, A., Lin, C., Chou, C., Loh, J., Lieu, A., Wang, C., Huang, C. F., Howng, S., Hong, Y."Immune and inflammatory gene signature in rat cerebrum in subarachnoid hemorrhage with microarray analysis". Molecular Medicine Reports 5.1 (2012): 118-125.
Chicago
Lee, C., Chou, A., Lin, C., Chou, C., Loh, J., Lieu, A., Wang, C., Huang, C. F., Howng, S., Hong, Y."Immune and inflammatory gene signature in rat cerebrum in subarachnoid hemorrhage with microarray analysis". Molecular Medicine Reports 5, no. 1 (2012): 118-125. https://doi.org/10.3892/mmr.2011.614