Conversion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition is mediated by oxygen concentration in pancreatic cancer cells Retraction in /10.3892/ol.2022.13227

Chen,Shuo; Chen,Xi; Li,Wei; Shan,Tao; Lin,Wan  Run; Ma,Jiancang; Cui,Xijuan; Yang,Wenbin; Cao,Gang; Li,Yiming; Wang,Li; Kang,Ya'an

doi:10.3892/ol.2018.8219

Conversion of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition to mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition is mediated by oxygen concentration in pancreatic cancer cells

Retraction in: /10.3892/ol.2022.13227

Authors:
- Shuo Chen
- Xi Chen
- Wei Li
- Tao Shan
- Wan Run Lin
- Jiancang Ma
- Xijuan Cui
- Wenbin Yang
- Gang Cao
- Yiming Li
- Li Wang
- Ya'an Kang
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Affiliations: Department of General Surgery, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710004, P.R. China, The Institute for Population and Development Studies, School of Public Policy and Administration, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710049, P.R. China, Department of Pathology, Fudan University Shanghai Cancer Center, Shanghai 200032, P.R. China, Department of General Surgery, First Affiliated Hospital of Medical College, Xi'an Jiaotong University, Xi'an, Shaanxi 710061, P.R. China, Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery, Central Hospital of Zibo, Zibo, Shandong 255000, P.R. China, Department of Surgical Oncology, The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center, Houston, TΧ 77030, USA
Published online on: March 8, 2018 https://doi.org/10.3892/ol.2018.8219
Pages: 7144-7152
Copyright: © Chen et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Tumor metastasis is accompanied by a two‑stage process of epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition (EMT) and mesenchymal-to-epithelial transition (MET). Currently, the exact mechanisms underlying EMT‑MET conversion are unclear. In the present study, the mechanisms by which primary sites (hypoxic) and homing sites (normoxic or hyperoxic) participate in EMT‑MET conversion were evaluated. Pancreatic cancer cells were grown under different oxygenation conditions. Cell morphology and epithelial (E)‑cadherin and vimentin expression were examined. Transwell chambers were used to examine tumor invasiveness, and scratch assays were performed to examine cell migration. Reverse transcription‑polymerase chain reaction and western blot analysis were used to quantitate the mRNA and protein expression of E‑cadherin, vimentin, Snail and hypoxia‑inducible factor (HIF)‑1α. BxPc‑3 and Panc‑1 cells grown under hypoxic conditions demonstrated increased partial EMT, reduced E‑cadherin expression, and increased vimentin expression, compared with cells grown under normoxic or hyperoxic conditions. Cells grown under hypoxic conditions also indicated increased migration and invasiveness. HIF‑1α mRNA and protein expression was increased in cells grown under hypoxic conditions. These changes were reversed when a specific inhibitor of the HIF‑1α receptor was used to block HIF‑1α signaling. Differences in oxygen concentration at primary sites and homing sites are important in the EMT‑MET process, and the underlying mechanism may involve HIF-1α-Snail signaling.

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