Analysis of microsatellite instability in acquired drug-resistance human tumor cell lines

Genomic instability characterized as microsatellite instability (MIN) is associated with loss of DNA mismatch repair (MMR) protein. Several studies have shown that loss of DNA MMR protein confers resistance to some interacting DNA chemotherapeutic drugs, but also that exposure of MMR-proficient cells to these drugs can result in loss of MMR protein accompanied by induction of MIN. Such associations were mainly reported for cisplatin, but scarce data are available for doxorubicin (a DNA interacting agent), and nothing is known about vinblastine (an antitubulin agent). Thus, in this study we have analyzed MIN frequency in different type of human tumor cell lines characterized by their MMR protein status and resistant to doxorubicin or to vinblastine. Relationship between MIN occurrence and drug resistance was firstly verified in cisplatin resistant cells, and showed a MIN enrichment (33%) only in the MMR-deficient cells. In order to determine whether treatment of MMR-proficient cells with doxorubicin might lead to induction of MIN, we analyzed two different MMR-proficient cell lines. Variations of MIN frequency were found with either high levels of MIN (66%) or no MIN at all (0%). Effect of vinblastine was analyzed according to the MMR status in two different MMR-proficient and -deficient cells. No major change in MIN frequency was found either in the MMR-proficient (0%) or -deficient (9%) cells. Our results demonstrate that MIN occurs only in tumor cells resistant to cisplatin or doxorubicin, thus supporting earlier findings reporting such associations only with drugs interacting with DNA. Moreover, the data show that MIN does not appear in all tumor cell lines, suggesting that induction of MIN in relation to MMR status is a complex phenomenon which does not only depend on the drug considered (interacting or not with DNA), but also on the tumor cell variant.