|
1.
|
Ingall T: Stroke - incidence, mortality,
morbidity and risk. J Insur Med. 36:143–152. 2004.
|
|
2.
|
Tissue plasminogen activator for acute
ischemic stroke. The National Institute of Neurological Disorders
and Stroke rt-PA Stroke Study Group. N Eng J Med. 333:1581–1587.
1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
3.
|
European Stroke Organisation Exective
Committee: Guidelines for management of ischaemic stroke and
transient ischaemic attack 2008. Cerebrovasc Dis. 25:457–507. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
4.
|
Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, et
al: Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic
stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American
Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council,
Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the
Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care
Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: The American
Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an
educational tool for neurologists. Circulation. 115:e478–e534.
2007.
|
|
5.
|
Cheng T, Petraglia AL, Li Z, et al:
Activated protein C inhibits tissue plasminogen activator-induced
brain hemorrhage. Nat Med. 12:1278–1285. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
6.
|
Nicole O, Docagne F, Ali C, et al: The
proteolytic activity of tissue-plasminogen activator enhances NMDA
receptor-mediated signaling. Nat Med. 7:59–64. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
7.
|
Katzan IL, Hammer MD, Hixson ED, Furlan
AJ, Abou-Chebl A and Nadzam DM: Utilization of intravenous tissue
plasminogen activator for acute ischemic stroke. Arch Neurol.
61:346–350. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
8.
|
Lichtman JH, Watanabe E, Allen NB, Jones
SB, Dostal J and Goldstein LB: Hospital arrival time and
intravenous t-PA use in US Academic Medical Centers, 2001–2004.
Stroke. 40:3845–3850. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
9.
|
Reeves MJ, Broderick JP, Frankel M, et al:
The Paul Coverdell National Acute Stroke Registry: initial results
from four prototypes. Am J Prev Med. 31:S202–S209. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
10.
|
California Acute Stroke Pilot Registry
(CASPR) Investigators: Prioritizing interventions to improve rates
of thrombolysis for ischemic stroke. Neurology. 64:654–659. 2005.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
11.
|
Albers GW and Olivot JM: Intravenous
alteplase for ischaemic stroke. Lancet. 369:249–250. 2007.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
12.
|
Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Davalos A, et al:
Thrombolysis with alteplase for acute ischaemic stroke in the Safe
Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring Study
(SITS-MOST): an observational study. Lancet. 369:275–282. 2007.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
13.
|
Nakagawara J, Minematsu K, Okada Y, et al:
Thrombolysis with 0.6 mg/kg intravenous alteplase for acute
ischemic stroke in routine clinical practice: the Japan
post-Marketing Alteplase Registration Study (J-MARS). Stroke.
41:1984–1989. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
14.
|
Kimura K, Aoki J, Sakamoto Y, et al:
Administration of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, during t-PA
infusion can enhance early recanalization in acute stroke patients
- a preliminary study. J Neurol Sci. 313:132–136. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
15.
|
No authors listed:. Neuroprotection: the
end of an era? Lancet. 368:15482006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
16.
|
Lapchak PA and Zivin JA: The lipophilic
multifunctional antioxidant edaravone (radicut) improves behavior
following embolic strokes in rabbits: a combination therapy study
with tissue plasminogen activator. Exp Neurol. 215:95–100. 2009.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
17.
|
Lees KR, Zivin JA, Ashwood T, et al:
NXY-059 for acute ischemic stroke. N Eng J Med. 354:588–600. 2006.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
18.
|
Shuaib A, Lees KR, Lyden P, et al: NXY-059
for the treatment of acute ischemic stroke. N Eng J Med.
357:562–571. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
19.
|
Lapchak PA: A critical assessment of
edaravone acute ischemic stroke efficacy trials: is edaravone an
effective neuroprotective therapy? Expert Opin Pharmacother.
11:1753–1763. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
20.
|
Wang CX and Shuaib A: Neuroprotective
effects of free radical scavengers in stroke. Drugs Aging.
24:537–546. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
21.
|
Adams HP Jr, del Zoppo G, Alberts MJ, et
al: Guidelines for the early management of adults with ischemic
stroke: a guideline from the American Heart Association/American
Stroke Association Stroke Council, Clinical Cardiology Council,
Cardiovascular Radiology and Intervention Council, and the
Atherosclerotic Peripheral Vascular Disease and Quality of Care
Outcomes in Research Interdisciplinary Working Groups: the American
Academy of Neurology affirms the value of this guideline as an
educational tool for neurologists. Stroke. 38:1655–1711. 2007.
|
|
22.
|
Watanabe T, Yuki S, Egawa M and Nishi H:
Protective effects of MCI-186 on cerebral ischemia: possible
involvement of free radical scavenging and antioxidant actions. J
Pharmacol Exp Ther. 268:1597–1604. 1994.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
23.
|
Yamamoto T, Yuki S, Watanabe T, Mitsuka M,
Saito KI and Kogure K: Delayed neuronal death prevented by
inhibition of increased hydroxyl radical formation in a transient
cerebral ischemia. Brain Res. 762:240–242. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
24.
|
Lapchak PA and Araujo DM: Development of
the nitrone-based spin trap agent NXY-059 to treat acute ischemic
stroke. CNS Drug Rev. 9:253–262. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
25.
|
Watanabe T, Tahara M and Todo S: The novel
antioxidant edaravone: from bench to bedside. Cardiovasc Ther.
26:101–114. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
26.
|
Yoshida H, Yanai H, Namiki Y,
Fukatsu-Sasaki K, Furutani N and Tada N: Neuroprotective effects of
edaravone: a novel free radical scavenger in cerebrovascular
injury. CNS Drug Rev. 12:9–20. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
27.
|
Kikuchi K, Kawahara K, Tancharoen S, et
al: The free radical scavenger edaravone rescues rats from cerebral
infarction by attenuating the release of high-mobility group box-1
in neuronal cells. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 329:865–874. 2009.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
28.
|
Kikuchi K, Tancharoen S, Matsuda F, et al:
Edaravone attenuates cerebral ischemic injury by suppressing
aquaporin-4. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 390:1121–1125. 2009.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
29.
|
Tanaka E, Niiyama S, Sato S, Yamada A and
Higashi H: Arachidonic acid metabolites contribute to the
irreversible depolarization induced by in vitro ischemia. J
Neurophysiol. 90:3213–3223. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
30.
|
Kikuchi K, Kawahara K, Miyagi N, et al:
Edaravone: a new therapeutic approach for the treatment of acute
stroke. Med Hypotheses. 75:583–585. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
31.
|
Kikuchi K, Uchikado H, Miyagi N, et al:
Beyond neurological disease: New targets for edaravone (Review).
Int J Mol Med. 28:899–906. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
32.
|
Kikuchi K, Takeshige N, Miura N, et al:
Beyond free radical scavenging: Beneficial effects of edaravone
(Radicut) in various diseases (Review). Exp Ther Med. 3:3–8.
2012.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
33.
|
Kikuchi K, Kawahara K, Uchikado H, et al:
Potential of edaravone for neuroprotection in neurologic diseases
that do not involve cerebral infarction (Review). Exp Ther Med.
2:771–775. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
34.
|
Kikuchi K, Miura N, Morimoto Y, et al:
Beneficial effects of the free radical scavenger edaravone
(Radicut) in neurologic diseases. J Neurol Neurophysiol. 1:1–5.
2011. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
35.
|
Edaravone Acute Infarction Study Group:
Effect of a novel free radical scavenger, edaravone (MCI-186), on
acute brain infarction. Randomized, placebo-controlled,
double-blind study at multicenters. Cerebrovasc Dis. 15:222–229.
2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
36.
|
Naritomi H, Moriwaki H, Metoki N, et al:
Effects of edaravone on muscle atrophy and locomotor function in
patients with ischemic stroke: a randomized controlled pilot study.
Drugs RD. 10:155–163. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
37.
|
Shinohara Y, Saito I, Kobayashi S and
Uchiyama S: Edaravone (radical scavenger) versus sodium ozagrel
(antiplatelet agent) in acute noncardioembolic ischemic stroke (EDO
trial). Cerebrovasc Dis. 27:485–492. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
38.
|
Unno Y, Katayama M and Shimizu H: Does
functional outcome in acute ischaemic stroke patients correlate
with the amount of free-radical scavenger treatment? A
retrospective study of edaravone therapy. Clin Drug Investig.
30:143–155. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
39.
|
Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Davalos A, et al:
Thrombolysis with alteplase 3–4.5 h after acute ischaemic stroke
(SITS-ISTR): an observational study. Lancet. 372:1303–1309.
2008.
|
|
40.
|
Hacke W, Kaste M, Bluhmki E, et al:
Thrombolysis with alteplase 3 to 4.5 hours after acute ischemic
stroke. N Eng J Med. 359:1317–1329. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
41.
|
Wardlaw JM, Murray V, Berge E, et al:
Recombinant tissue plasminogen activator for acute ischaemic
stroke: an updated systematic review and meta-analysis. Lancet.
379:2364–2372. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
42.
|
Intracerebral hemorrhage after intravenous
t-PA therapy for ischemic stroke. The NINDS t-PA Stroke Study
Group. Stroke. 28:2109–2118. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
43.
|
Yamashita T, Kamiya T, Deguchi K, et al:
Dissociation and protection of the neurovascular unit after
thrombolysis and reperfusion in ischemic rat brain. J Cereb Blood
Flow Metab. 29:715–725. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
44.
|
Lukic-Panin V, Deguchi K, Yamashita T, et
al: Free radical scavenger edaravone administration protects
against tissue plasminogen activator induced oxidative stress and
blood brain barrier damage. Curr Neurovasc Res. 7:319–329. 2010.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
45.
|
Yagi K, Kitazato KT, Uno M, et al:
Edaravone, a free radical scavenger, inhibits MMP-9-related brain
hemorrhage in rats treated with tissue plasminogen activator.
Stroke. 40:626–631. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
46.
|
Zhang W, Sato K, Hayashi T, et al:
Extension of ischemic therapeutic time window by a free radical
scavenger, Edaravone, reperfused with tPA in rat brain. Neurol Res.
26:342–348. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
47.
|
Kano T, Harada T and Katayama Y:
Attenuation of extravasation of tissue plasminogen activator by the
free radical scavenger, edaravone: evaluation in a rat
thromboembolic stroke model. Neurol Res. 27:499–502. 2005.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
48.
|
Isahaya K, Yamada K, Yamatoku M, et al:
Effects of edaravone, a free radical scavenger, on serum levels of
inflammatory biomarkers in acute brain infarction. J Stroke
Cerebrovasc Dis. 21:102–107. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
49.
|
Nakamura T, Kuroda Y, Yamashita S, et al:
Edaravone attenuates brain edema and neurologic deficits in a rat
model of acute intracerebral hemorrhage. Stroke. 39:463–469. 2008.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
50.
|
Kamiya T and Abe K: Future neuroprotective
strategies in the post-thrombolysis era - neurovascular unit
protection and vascular endothelial protection. Rinsho Shinkeigaku.
51:305–315. 2011.(In Japanese).
|
|
51.
|
Wahlgren N, Ahmed N, Eriksson N, et al:
Multivariable analysis of outcome predictors and adjustment of main
outcome results to baseline data profile in randomized controlled
trials: Safe Implementation of Thrombolysis in Stroke-Monitoring
Study (SITS-MOST). Stroke. 39:3316–3322. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
52.
|
Yamaguchi T, Mori E, Minematsu K, et al:
Alteplase at 0.6 mg/kg for acute ischemic stroke within 3 hours of
onset: Japan Alteplase Clinical Trial (J-ACT). Stroke.
37:1810–1815. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
53.
|
Mori E, Minematsu K, Nakagawara J,
Yamaguchi T, Sasaki M and Hirano T: Effects of 0.6 mg/kg
intravenous alteplase on vascular and clinical outcomes in middle
cerebral artery occlusion: Japan Alteplase Clinical Trial II (J-ACT
II). Stroke. 41:461–465. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
54.
|
Eesa M, Schumacher HC, Higashida RT and
Meyers PM: Advances in revascularization for acute ischemic stroke
treatment: an update. Expert Rev Neurother. 11:1125–1139. 2011.
View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
55.
|
Frendl A and Csiba L: Pharmacological and
non-pharmacological recanalization strategies in acute ischemic
stroke. Front Neurol. 2:322011.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
56.
|
Tanswell P, Modi N, Combs D and Danays T:
Pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of tenecteplase in
fibrinolytic therapy of acute myocardial infarction. Clin
Pharmacokinet. 41:1229–1245. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
57.
|
Verstraete M: Third-generation
thrombolytic drugs. Am J Med. 109:52–58. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
58.
|
Parsons M, Spratt N, Bivard A, et al: A
randomized trial of tenecteplase versus alteplase for acute
ischemic stroke. N Eng J Med. 366:1099–1107. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
59.
|
Misra V, El Khoury R, Arora R, et al:
Safety of high doses of urokinase and reteplase for acute ischemic
stroke. AJNR Am J Neuroraidol. 32:998–1001. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
60.
|
Liberatore GT, Samson A, Bladin C,
Schleuning WD and Medcalf RL: Vampire bat salivary plasminogen
activator (desmoteplase): a unique fibrinolytic enzyme that does
not promote neurodegeneration. Stroke. 34:537–543. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
61.
|
Schleuning WD: Vampire bat plasminogen
activator DSPA-alpha-1 (desmoteplase): a thrombolytic drug
optimized by natural selection. Haemostasis. 31:118–122.
2001.PubMed/NCBI
|
|
62.
|
Hacke W, Albers G, Al-Rawi Y, et al: The
Desmoteplase in Acute Ischemic Stroke Trial (DIAS): a phase II
MRI-based 9-hour window acute stroke thrombolysis trial with
intravenous desmoteplase. Stroke. 36:66–73. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
63.
|
Furlan AJ, Eyding D, Albers GW, et al:
Dose Escalation of Desmoteplase for Acute Ischemic Stroke (DEDAS):
evidence of safety and efficacy 3 to 9 hours after stroke onset.
Stroke. 37:1227–1231. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
|
|
64.
|
Hacke W, Furlan AJ, Al-Rawi Y, et al:
Intravenous desmoteplase in patients with acute ischaemic stroke
selected by MRI perfusion-diffusion weighted imaging or perfusion
CT (DIAS-2): a prospective, randomised, double-blind,
placebo-controlled study. Lancet Neurol. 8:141–150. 2009.
View Article : Google Scholar
|
|
65.
|
Paciaroni M, Medeiros E and Bogousslavsky
J: Desmoteplase. Expert Opin Biol Ther. 9:773–778. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar
|
