Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
September-2016 Volume 5 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2016 Volume 5 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review Open Access

Interaction between periodontitis and liver diseases (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Pengyu Han
    • Dianxing Sun
    • Jie Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: The Liver Disease Diagnosis and Treatment Center of PLA, Bethune International Peace Hospital, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050082, P.R. China, Department of Public Healthcare, Hebei Medical University, Shijiazhuang, Hebei 050017, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Han et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 267-276
    |
    Published online on: July 18, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.718
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Periodontitis is an oral disease that is highly prevalent worldwide, with a prevalence of 30-50% of the population in developed countries, but only ~10% present with severe forms. It is also estimated that periodontitis results in worldwide productivity losses amounting to ~54 billion USD yearly. In addition to the damage it causes to oral health, periodontitis also affects other types of disease. Numerous studies have confirmed the association between periodontitis and systemic diseases, such as diabetes, respiratory disease, osteoporosis and cardiovascular disease. Increasing evidence also indicated that periodontitis may participate in the progression of liver diseases, such as non‑alcoholic fatty liver disease, cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma, as well as affecting liver transplantation. However, to the best of our knowledge, there are currently no reviews elaborating upon the possible links between periodontitis and liver diseases. Therefore, the current review summarizes the human trials and animal experiments that have been conducted to investigate the correlation between periodontitis and liver diseases. Furthermore, in the present review, certain mechanisms that have been postulated to be responsible for the role of periodontitis in liver diseases (such as bacteria, pro‑inflammatory mediators and oxidative stress) are considered. The aim of the review is to introduce the hypothesis that periodontitis may be important in the progression of liver disease, thus providing dentists and physicians with an improved understanding of this issue.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

View References

1 

Vos T, Flaxman AD, Naghavi M, Lozano R, Michaud C, Ezzati M, Shibuya K, Salomon JA, Abdalla S, Aboyans V, et al: Years lived with disability (YLDs) for 1160 sequelae of 289 diseases and injuries 1990–2010: a systematic analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2010. Lancet. 380:2163–2196. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Chung JH, Hwang HJ, Kim SH and Kim TH: Associations Between Periodontitis and Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease; the 2010–2012 Korean National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (KNHANES). J Periodontol. Feb 25–2016.(Epub ahead of print). View Article : Google Scholar

3 

O'Dowd LK, Durham J, McCracken GI and Preshaw PM: Patients' experiences of the impact of periodontal disease. J Clin Periodontol. 37:334–339. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Gurav AN: The association of periodontitis and metabolic syndrome. Dent Res J (Isfahan). 11:1–10. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Offenbacher S: Periodontal diseases: Pathogenesis. Ann Periodontol. 1:821–878. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Mealey BL and Rethman MP: Periodontal disease and diabetes mellitus. Bidirectional relationship. Dent Today. 22:107–113. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Collin HL, Uusitupa M, Niskanen L, Kontturi-Närhi V, Markkanen H, Koivisto AM and Meurman JH: Periodontal findings in elderly patients with non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus. J Periodontol. 69:962–966. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Murray CJ and Lopez AD: Mortality by cause for eight regions of the world: Global Burden of Disease Study. Lancet. 349:1269–1276. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Kuo LC, Polson AM and Kang T: Associations between periodontal diseases and systemic diseases: A review of the inter-relationships and interactions with diabetes, respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases and osteoporosis. Public Health. 122:417–433. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Scannapieco FA: Role of oral bacteria in respiratory infection. J Periodontol. 70:793–802. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

No authors listed: The World Health Report 1997 - conquering suffering, enriching humanity. World Health Forum. 18:248–260. 1997.PubMed/NCBI

12 

Dave S, Batista EL Jr and Van Dyke TE: Cardiovascular disease and periodontal diseases: Commonality and causation. Compend Contin Educ Dent. 25(Suppl 1): 26–37. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

13 

Reddy MS: Osteoporosis and periodontitis: Discussion, conclusions, and recommendations. Ann Periodontol. 6:214–217. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Aspalli SS, Shetty VS, Parab PG, Nagappa G, Devnoorkar A and Devarathnamma MV: Osteoporosis and periodontitis: Is there a possible link? Indian J Dent Res. 25:316–20. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Angulo P: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. N Engl J Med. 346:1221–1231. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Milić S and Stimac D: Nonalcoholic fatty liver disease/steatohepatitis: Epidemiology, pathogenesis, clinical presentation and treatment. Dig Dis. 30:158–162. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Angulo P and Lindor KD: Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 17:S186–S190. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Liou I and Kowdley KV: Natural history of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis. J Clin Gastroenterol. 40(Suppl 1): S11–S16. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

19 

Oh HJ, Kim TH, Sohn YW, Kim YS, Oh YR, Cho EY, Shim SY, Shin SR, Han AL, Yoon SJ, et al: Association of serum alanine aminotransferase and γ-glutamyltransferase levels within the reference range with metabolic syndrome and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Korean J Hepatol. 17:27–36. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Adams LA, Knuiman MW, Divitini ML and Olynyk JK: Body mass index is a stronger predictor of alanine aminotransaminase levels than alcohol consumption. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 23:1089–1093. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Furuta M, Ekuni D, Yamamoto T, Irie K, Koyama R, Sanbe T, Yamanaka R, Morita M, Kuroki K and Tobe K: Relationship between periodontitis and hepatic abnormalities in young adults. Acta Odontol Scand. 68:27–33. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Saito T, Shimazaki Y, Koga T, Tsuzuki M and Ohshima A: Relationship between periodontitis and hepatic condition in Japanese women. J Int Acad Periodontol. 8:89–95. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Morita T, Yamazaki Y, Fujiharu C, Ishii T, Seto M, Nishinoue N, Sasaki Y, Kawato T, Motohashi M and Maeno M: Serum γ-glutamyltransferase level is associated with periodontal disease independent of drinking habits in Japanese adults. Med Sci Monit. 20:2109–2116. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Yoneda M, Naka S, Nakano K, Wada K, Endo H, Mawatari H, Imajo K, Nomura R, Hokamura K, Ono M, et al: Involvement of a periodontal pathogen, Porphyromonas gingivalis on the pathogenesis of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease. BMC Gastroenterol. 12:162012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Friedman SL: Mechanisms of hepatic fibrogenesis. Gastroenterology. 134:1655–1669. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhang DY and Friedman SL: Fibrosis-dependent mechanisms of hepatocarcinogenesis. Hepatology. 56:769–775. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Murray KF and Carithers RL Jr: AASLD: AASLD practice guidelines: Evaluation of the patient for liver transplantation. Hepatology. 41:1407–1432. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Novacek G, Plachetzky U, Pötzi R, Lentner S, Slavicek R, Gangl A and Ferenci P: Dental and periodontal disease in patients with cirrhosis - role of etiology of liver disease. J Hepatol. 22:576–582. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Sponholz H, Naethbohm K, Brügmann E and Maass M: Correlations between chronic liver diseases and periodontal diseases with special reference to animal experiments. Stomatol DDR. 26:409–413. 1976.(In German). PubMed/NCBI

30 

Movin S: Relationship between periodontal disease and cirrhosis of the liver in humans. J Clin Periodontol. 8:450–458. 1981. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Funatsu K, Yamada M, Kawishima Y, Nishida J, Ueno M, Ebihara Y, Mizuno Y, Oda M and Tsuchiya M: Microcirculatory disturbances of oral mucosa and periodontal disease in patients with liver cirrhosis. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 4(Suppl 1): 99–102. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

32 

Jaiswal G, Deo V, Bhongade M and Jaiswal S: Serum alkaline phosphatase: A potential marker in the progression of periodontal disease in cirrhosis patients. Quintessence Int. 42:345–348. 2011.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Ferlay J, Shin HR, Bray F, Forman D, Mathers C and Parkin DM: Estimates of worldwide burden of cancer in 2008: GLOBOCAN 2008. Int J Cancer. 127:2893–2917. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Bosch FX, Ribes J, Díaz M and Cléries R: Primary liver cancer: Worldwide incidence and trends. Gastroenterology. 127(Suppl 1): S5–S16. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Anzola M: Hepatocellular carcinoma: Role of hepatitis B and hepatitis C viruses proteins in hepatocarcinogenesis. J Viral Hepat. 11:383–393. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Fattovich G, Stroffolini T, Zagni I and Donato F: Hepatocellular carcinoma in cirrhosis: Incidence and risk factors. Gastroenterology. 127(Suppl 1): S35–S50. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Bralet MP, Régimbeau JM, Pineau P, Dubois S, Loas G, Degos F, Valla D, Belghiti J, Degott C and Terris B: Hepatocellular carcinoma occurring in nonfibrotic liver: Epidemiologic and histopathologic analysis of 80 French cases. Hepatology. 32:200–204. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Hujoel PP, Drangsholt M, Spiekerman C and Weiss NS: An exploration of the periodontitis-cancer association. Ann Epidemiol. 13:312–316. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Tezal M, Sullivan MA, Reid ME, Marshall JR, Hyland A, Loree T, Lillis C, Hauck L, Wactawski-Wende J and Scannapieco FA: Chronic periodontitis and the risk of tongue cancer. Arch Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg. 133:450–454. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Tezal M, Sullivan MA, Hyland A, Marshall JR, Stoler D, Reid ME, Loree TR, Rigual NR, Merzianu M, Hauck L, et al: Chronic periodontitis and the incidence of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 18:2406–2412. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Kudo M, Chung H, Haji S, Osaki Y, Oka H, Seki T, Kasugai H, Sasaki Y and Matsunaga T: Validation of a new prognostic staging system for hepatocellular carcinoma: The JIS score compared with the CLIP score. Hepatology. 40:1396–1405. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Luo KZ, Itamoto T, Amano H, Oshita A, Ushitora Y, Tanimoto Y, Ohdan H, Tashiro H and Asahara T: Comparative study of the Japan Integrated Stage (JIS) and modified JIS score as a predictor of survival after hepatectomy for hepatocellular carcinoma. J Gastroenterol. 43:369–377. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Pugh RN, Murray-Lyon IM, Dawson JL, Pietroni MC and Williams R: Transection of the oesophagus for bleeding oesophageal varices. Br J Surg. 60:646–649. 1973. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Tamaki N, Takaki A, Tomofuji T, Endo Y, Kasuyama K, Ekuni D, Yasunaka T, Yamamoto K and Morita M: Stage of hepatocellular carcinoma is associated with periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 38:1015–1020. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Maggs JR, Suddle AR, Aluvihare V and Heneghan MA: Systematic review: The role of liver transplantation in the management of hepatocellular carcinoma. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 35:1113–1134. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Penn I: Hepatic transplantation for primary and metastatic cancers of the liver. Surgery. 110:726–734; discussion 734–735. 1991.PubMed/NCBI

47 

Pichlmayr R, Weimann A and Ringe B: Indications for liver transplantation in hepatobiliary malignancy. Hepatology. 20(1 Pt 2): 33S–40S. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Yao FY, Ferrell L, Bass NM, Watson JJ, Bacchetti P, Venook A, Ascher NL and Roberts JP: Liver transplantation for hepatocellular carcinoma: Expansion of the tumor size limits does not adversely impact survival. Hepatology. 33:1394–1403. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Mazzaferro V, Regalia E, Doci R, Andreola S, Pulvirenti A, Bozzetti F, Montalto F, Ammatuna M, Morabito A and Gennari L: Liver transplantation for the treatment of small hepatocellular carcinomas in patients with cirrhosis. N Engl J Med. 334:693–699. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Guggenheimer J, Eghtesad B and Stock DJ: Dental management of the (solid) organ transplant patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 95:383–389. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51 

Guggenheimer J, Mayher D and Eghtesad B: A survey of dental care protocols among US organ transplant centers. Clin Transplant. 19:15–18. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52 

Guggenheimer J, Eghtesad B, Close JM, Shay C and Fung JJ: Dental health status of liver transplant candidates. Liver Transpl. 13:280–286. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

53 

Douglas LR, Douglass JB, Sieck JO and Smith PJ: Oral management of the patient with end-stage liver disease and the liver transplant patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 86:55–64. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54 

Little JW and Rhodus NL: Dental treatment of the liver transplant patient. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol. 73:419–426. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55 

Rustemeyer J and Bremerich A: Necessity of surgical dental foci treatment prior to organ transplantation and heart valve replacement. Clin Oral Investig. 11:171–174. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56 

Silva Santos PS, Fernandes KS and Gallottini MH: Assessment and management of oral health in liver transplant candidates. J Appl Oral Sci. 20:241–245. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57 

Aberg F, Helenius-Hietala J, Meurman J and Isoniemi H: Association between dental infections and the clinical course of chronic liver disease. Hepatol Res. 44:349–353. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

58 

Helenius-Hietala J, Meurman JH, Höckerstedt K, Lindqvist C and Isoniemi H: Effect of the aetiology and severity of liver disease on oral health and dental treatment prior to transplantation. Transpl Int. 25:158–165. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59 

Bader G, Mesner M and Lejeune S: Oral surgery for liver transplant patients. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 84:5931997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60 

Golla K, Epstein JB and Cabay RJ: Liver disease: Current perspectives on medical and dental management. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 98:516–521. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61 

Valerin MA, Napeñas JJ, Brennan MT, Fox PC and Lockhart PB: Modified Child-Pugh score as a marker for postoperative bleeding from invasive dental procedures. Oral Surg Oral Med Oral Pathol Oral Radiol Endod. 104:56–60. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

62 

Ward BB and Weideman EM: Long-term postoperative bleeding after dentoalveolar surgery in the pretransplant liver failure patient. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 64:1469–1474. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

63 

Lins L, Bittencourt PL, Evangelista MA, Lins R, Codes L, Cavalcanti AR, Paraná R and Bastos J: Oral health profile of cirrhotic patients awaiting liver transplantation in the Brazilian Northeast. Transplant Proc. 43:1319–1321. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

64 

Sheehy EC, Roberts GJ, Beighton D and O'Brien G: Oral health in children undergoing liver transplantation. Int J Paediatr Dent. 10:109–119. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

65 

Barbero P, Garzino Demo MG, Milanesio M and Ottobrelli A: The dental assessment of the patient waiting for a liver transplant. Minerva Stomatol. 45:431–439. 1996.(In Italian). PubMed/NCBI

66 

Kumar PS, Griffen AL, Barton JA, Paster BJ, Moeschberger ML and Leys EJ: New bacterial species associated with chronic periodontitis. J Dent Res. 82:338–344. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

67 

Kumar PS, Griffen AL, Moeschberger ML and Leys EJ: Identification of candidate periodontal pathogens and beneficial species by quantitative 16S clonal analysis. J Clin Microbiol. 43:3944–3955. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

68 

Fernández J and Gustot T: Management of bacterial infections in cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 56(Suppl 1): S1–S12. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

69 

Gustot T, Durand F, Lebrec D, Vincent JL and Moreau R: Severe sepsis in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 50:2022–2033. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

70 

Fernández J, Navasa M, Gómez J, Colmenero J, Vila J, Arroyo V and Rodés J: Bacterial infections in cirrhosis: Epidemiological changes with invasive procedures and norfloxacin prophylaxis. Hepatology. 35:140–148. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

71 

Fernández J, Acevedo J, Castro M, Garcia O, de Lope CR, Roca D, Pavesi M, Sola E, Moreira L, Silva A, et al: Prevalence and risk factors of infections by multiresistant bacteria in cirrhosis: A prospective study. Hepatology. 55:1551–1561. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

72 

Fagiuoli S, Colli A, Bruno R, Craxì A, Gaeta GB, Grossi P, Mondelli MU, Puoti M, Sagnelli E, Stefani S, et al: 2011 AISF Single Topic Group: Management of infections pre- and post-liver transplantation: Report of an AISF consensus conference. J Hepatol. 60:1075–1089. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

73 

Yilmaz O: The chronicles of Porphyromonas gingivalis: The microbium, the human oral epithelium and their interplay. Microbiology. 154:2897–2903. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

74 

Scannapieco FA, Bush RB and Paju S: Associations between periodontal disease and risk for atherosclerosis, cardiovascular disease, and stroke. A systematic review. Ann Periodontol. 8:38–53. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

75 

Beck J, Garcia R, Heiss G, Vokonas PS and Offenbacher S: Periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. J Periodontol. 67(Suppl 10): 1123–1137. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

76 

Boggess KA, Madianos PN, Preisser JS, Moise KJ Jr and Offenbacher S: Chronic maternal and fetal Porphyromonas gingivalis exposure during pregnancy in rabbits. Am J Obstet Gynecol. 192:554–557. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

77 

Furusho H, Miyauchi M, Hyogo H, Inubushi T, Ao M, Ouhara K, Hisatune J, Kurihara H, Sugai M, Hayes CN, et al: Dental infection of Porphyromonas gingivalis exacerbates high fat diet-induced steatohepatitis in mice. J Gastroenterol. 48:1259–1270. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

78 

Raja M, Ummer F and Dhivakar CP: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans - a tooth killer? J Clin Diagn Res. 8:ZE13–ZE16. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

79 

Narayanan SK, Nagaraja TG, Chengappa MM and Stewart GC: Leukotoxins of gram-negative bacteria. Vet Microbiol. 84:337–356. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

80 

Chen PB, Davern LB, Neiders ME, Reynolds HS and Zambon JJ: Analysis of in vitro lymphoproliferative responses and antibody formation following subcutaneous injection of Actinobacillus actinomycetemcomitans and Wolinella recta in a murine model. Oral Microbiol Immunol. 6:12–16. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

81 

Tuomainen AM, Jauhiainen M, Kovanen PT, Metso J, Paju S and Pussinen PJ: Aggregatibacter actinomycetemcomitans induces MMP-9 expression and proatherogenic lipoprotein profile in apoE-deficient mice. Microb Pathog. 44:111–117. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

82 

Hyvärinen K, Tuomainen AM, Laitinen S, Bykov IL, Törmäkangas L, Lindros K, Käkelä R, Alfthan G, Salminen I, Jauhiainen M, et al: Chlamydial and periodontal pathogens induce hepatic inflammation and fatty acid imbalance in apolipoprotein E-deficient mice. Infect Immun. 77:3442–3449. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

83 

Qin N, Yang F, Li A, Prifti E, Chen Y, Shao L, Guo J, Le Chatelier E, Yao J, Wu L, et al: Alterations of the human gut microbiome in liver cirrhosis. Nature. 513:59–64. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

84 

Goel A, Gupta M and Aggarwal R: Gut microbiota and liver disease. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 29:1139–1148. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

85 

Yoshimoto S, Loo TM, Atarashi K, Kanda H, Sato S, Oyadomari S, Iwakura Y, Oshima K, Morita H, Hattori M, et al: Obesity-induced gut microbial metabolite promotes liver cancer through senescence secretome. Nature. 499:97–101. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

86 

Wiest R, Lawson M and Geuking M: Pathological bacterial translocation in liver cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 60:197–209. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

87 

DiBaise JK, Zhang H, Crowell MD, Krajmalnik-Brown R, Decker GA and Rittmann BE: Gut microbiota and its possible relationship with obesity. Mayo Clin Proc. 83:460–469. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

88 

Socransky SS and Haffajee AD: Periodontal microbial ecology. Periodontol 2000. 38:135–187. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

89 

Goodson JM, Groppo D, Halem S and Carpino E: Is obesity an oral bacterial disease? J Dent Res. 88:519–523. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

90 

Boutaga K, Savelkoul PH, Winkel EG and van Winkelhoff AJ: Comparison of subgingival bacterial sampling with oral lavage for detection and quantification of periodontal pathogens by real-time polymerase chain reaction. J Periodontol. 78:79–86. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

91 

Saygun I, Nizam N, Keskiner I, Bal V, Kubar A, Açıkel C, Serdar M and Slots J: Salivary infectious agents and periodontal disease status. J Periodontal Res. 46:235–239. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

92 

von Troil-Lindén B, Torkko H, Alaluusua S, Jousimies-Somer H and Asikainen S: Salivary levels of suspected periodontal pathogens in relation to periodontal status and treatment. J Dent Res. 74:1789–1795. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

93 

Koren O, Spor A, Felin J, Fåk F, Stombaugh J, Tremaroli V, Behre CJ, Knight R, Fagerberg B, Ley RE, et al: Human oral, gut, and plaque microbiota in patients with atherosclerosis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 108(Suppl 1): 4592–4598. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

94 

O'Toole PW and Cooney JC: Probiotic bacteria influence the composition and function of the intestinal microbiota. Interdiscip Perspect Infect Dis. 2008:1752852008.PubMed/NCBI

95 

Lentsch AB, Yoshidome H, Kato A, Warner RL, Cheadle WG, Ward PA and Edwards MJ: Requirement for interleukin-12 in the pathogenesis of warm hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. Hepatology. 30:1448–1453. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

96 

Lentsch AB, Yoshidome H, Cheadle WG, Miller FN and Edwards MJ: Chemokine involvement in hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice: Roles for macrophage inflammatory protein-2 and KC. Hepatology. 27:1172–1177. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

97 

Gandoura S, Weiss E, Rautou PE, Fasseu M, Gustot T, Lemoine F, Hurtado-Nedelec M, Hego C, Vadrot N, Elkrief L, et al: Gene- and exon-expression profiling reveals an extensive LPS-induced response in immune cells in patients with cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 58:936–948. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

98 

Coant N, Simon-Rudler M, Gustot T, Fasseu M, Gandoura S, Ragot K, Abdel-Razek W, Thabut D, Lettéron P, Ogier-Denis E, et al: Glycogen synthase kinase 3 involvement in the excessive proinflammatory response to LPS in patients with decompensated cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 55:784–793. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

99 

Tazi KA, Quioc JJ, Saada V, Bezeaud A, Lebrec D and Moreau R: Upregulation of TNF-alpha production signaling pathways in monocytes from patients with advanced cirrhosis: Possible role of Akt and IRAK-M. J Hepatol. 45:280–289. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

100 

Galbois A, Thabut D, Tazi KA, Rudler M, Mohammadi MS, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Bennani H, Bezeaud A, Tellier Z, Guichard C, et al: Ex vivo effects of high-density lipoprotein exposure on the lipopolysaccharide-induced inflammatory response in patients with severe cirrhosis. Hepatology. 49:175–184. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

101 

Thabut D, Massard J, Gangloff A, Carbonell N, Francoz C, Nguyen-Khac E, Duhamel C, Lebrec D, Poynard T and Moreau R: Model for end-stage liver disease score and systemic inflammatory response are major prognostic factors in patients with cirrhosis and acute functional renal failure. Hepatology. 46:1872–1882. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

102 

Byl B, Roucloux I, Crusiaux A, Dupont E and Devière J: Tumor necrosis factor alpha and interleukin 6 plasma levels in infected cirrhotic patients. Gastroenterology. 104:1492–1497. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

103 

Navasa M, Follo A, Filella X, Jiménez W, Francitorra A, Planas R, Rimola A, Arroyo V and Rodés J: Tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-6 in spontaneous bacterial peritonitis in cirrhosis: Relationship with the development of renal impairment and mortality. Hepatology. 27:1227–1232. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

104 

Devière J, Content J, Denys C, Vandenbussche P, Schandene L, Wybran J and Dupont E: Excessive in vitro bacterial lipopolysaccharide-induced production of monokines in cirrhosis. Hepatology. 11:628–634. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

105 

Le Moine O, Marchant A, De Groote D, Azar C, Goldman M and Devière J: Role of defective monocyte interleukin-10 release in tumor necrosis factor-alpha overproduction in alcoholics cirrhosis. Hepatology. 22:1436–1439. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

106 

Moreau R, Barrière E, Tazi KA, Lardeux B, Dargère D, Urbanowicz W, Poirel O, Chauvelot-Moachon L, Guimont MC, Bernuau D, et al: Terlipressin inhibits in vivo aortic iNOS expression induced by lipopolysaccharide in rats with biliary cirrhosis. Hepatology. 36:1070–1078. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

107 

Tazi KA, Bièche I, Paradis V, Guichard C, Laurendeau I, Dargère D, Legrand A, Fay M, Pedruzzi E, Robin MA, et al: In vivo altered unfolded protein response and apoptosis in livers from lipopolysaccharide-challenged cirrhotic rats. J Hepatol. 46:1075–1088. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

108 

Thabut D, Tazi KA, Bonnefont-Rousselot D, Aller M, Farges O, Guimont MC, Tellier Z, Guichard C, Ogier-Denis E, Poynard T, et al: High-density lipoprotein administration attenuates liver proinflammatory response, restores liver endothelial nitric oxide synthase activity, and lowers portal pressure in cirrhotic rats. Hepatology. 46:1893–1906. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

109 

Abu-Shanab A and Quigley EM: The role of the gut microbiota in nonalcoholic fatty liver disease. Nat Rev Gastroenterol Hepatol. 7:691–701. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

110 

Madianos PN, Bobetsis YA and Kinane DF: Generation of inflammatory stimuli: How bacteria set up inflammatory responses in the gingiva. J Clin Periodontol. 32(Suppl 6): 57–71. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

111 

Shapira L, Champagne C, Van Dyke TE and Amar S: Strain-dependent activation of monocytes and inflammatory macrophages by lipopolysaccharide of Porphyromonas gingivalis. Infect Immun. 66:2736–2742. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

112 

Hirschfeld M, Weis JJ, Toshchakov V, Salkowski CA, Cody MJ, Ward DC, Qureshi N, Michalek SM and Vogel SN: Signaling by toll-like receptor 2 and 4 agonists results in differential gene expression in murine macrophages. Infect Immun. 69:1477–1482. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

113 

Malik R, Mookerjee RP and Jalan R: Infection and inflammation in liver failure: Two sides of the same coin. J Hepatol. 51:426–429. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

114 

Tritto G, Bechlis Z, Stadlbauer V, Davies N, Francés R, Shah N, Mookerjee RP, Such J and Jalan R: Evidence of neutrophil functional defect despite inflammation in stable cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 55:574–581. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

115 

Tilg H and Moschen AR: IL-1 cytokine family members and NAFLD: Neglected in metabolic liver inflammation. J Hepatol. 55:960–962. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

116 

Muñoz NM, Katz LH, Shina JH, Gi YJ, Menon VK, Gagea M, Rashid A, Chen J and Mishra L: Generation of a mouse model of T-cell lymphoma based on chronic LPS challenge and TGF-β signaling disruption. Genes Cancer. 5:348–352. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

117 

Su GL, Klein RD, Aminlari A, Zhang HY, Steinstraesser L, Alarcon WH, Remick DG and Wang SC: Kupffer cell activation by lipopolysaccharide in rats: Role for lipopolysaccharide binding protein and toll-like receptor 4. Hepatology. 31:932–936. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

118 

Baffy G: Kupffer cells in non-alcoholic fatty liver disease: The emerging view. J Hepatol. 51:212–223. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

119 

Honda Y, Yamagiwa S, Matsuda Y, Takamura M, Ichida T and Aoyagi Y: Altered expression of TLR homolog RP105 on monocytes hypersensitive to LPS in patients with primary biliary cirrhosis. J Hepatol. 47:404–411. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

120 

Yang SQ, Lin HZ, Lane MD, Clemens M and Diehl AM: Obesity increases sensitivity to endotoxin liver injury: Implications for the pathogenesis of steatohepatitis. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 94:2557–2562. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

121 

Miura K, Yang L, van Rooijen N, Brenner DA, Ohnishi H and Seki E: Toll-like receptor 2 and palmitic acid cooperatively contribute to the development of nonalcoholic steatohepatitis through inflammasome activation in mice. Hepatology. 57:577–589. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

122 

Medzhitov R: Toll-like receptors and innate immunity. Nat Rev Immunol. 1:135–145. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

123 

Mattsson E, Verhage L, Rollof J, Fleer A, Verhoef J and van Dijk H: Peptidoglycan and teichoic acid from Staphylococcus epidermidis stimulate human monocytes to release tumour necrosis factor-alpha, interleukin-1 beta and interleukin-6. FEMS Immunol Med Microbiol. 7:281–287. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

124 

Wang ZM, Liu C and Dziarski R: Chemokines are the main proinflammatory mediators in human monocytes activated by Staphylococcus aureus, peptidoglycan, and endotoxin. J Biol Chem. 275:20260–20267. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

125 

Kengatharan KM, De Kimpe S, Robson C, Foster SJ and Thiemermann C: Mechanism of gram-positive shock: Identification of peptidoglycan and lipoteichoic acid moieties essential in the induction of nitric oxide synthase, shock, and multiple organ failure. J Exp Med. 188:305–315. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

126 

Forner L, Nielsen CH, Bendtzen K, Larsen T and Holmstrup P: Increased plasma levels of IL-6 in bacteremic periodontis patients after scaling. J Clin Periodontol. 33:724–729. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

127 

Loos BG, Craandijk J, Hoek FJ, Wertheim-van Dillen PM and van der Velden U: Elevation of systemic markers related to cardiovascular diseases in the peripheral blood of periodontitis patients. J Periodontol. 71:1528–1534. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

128 

Morré SA, Ouburg S, Klinkenberg-Knol EC, Mulder CJ and Peña AS: The true ligand of the NOD2 receptor is peptidoglycan instead of lipopolysaccharide: A schematic representation of ligand-receptor interactions and NF-kappa B activation. Gastroenterology. 126:371–373. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

129 

Lichtman SN, Wang J, Schwab JH and Lemasters JJ: Comparison of peptidoglycan-polysaccharide and lipopolysaccharide stimulation of Kupffer cells to produce tumor necrosis factor and interleukin-1. Hepatology. 19:1013–1022. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

130 

Petit MD, Wassenaar A, van der Velden U, van Eden W and Loos BG: Depressed responsiveness of peripheral blood mononuclear cells to heat-shock proteins in periodontitis patients. J Dent Res. 78:1393–1400. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

131 

Tabeta K, Yamazaki K, Hotokezaka H, Yoshie H and Hara K: Elevated humoral immune response to heat shock protein 60 (hsp60) family in periodontitis patients. Clin Exp Immunol. 120:285–293. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

132 

Wick G: Atherosclerosis - an autoimmune disease due to an immune reaction against heat-shock protein 60. Herz. 25:87–90. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

133 

Yamazaki K, Ohsawa Y, Tabeta K, Ito H, Ueki K, Oda T, Yoshie H and Seymour GJ: Accumulation of human heat shock protein 60-reactive T cells in the gingival tissues of periodontitis patients. Infect Immun. 70:2492–2501. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

134 

Nencini C, Giorgi G and Micheli L: Protective effect of silymarin on oxidative stress in rat brain. Phytomedicine. 14:129–135. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

135 

Reddy BV, Sundari JS, Balamurugan E and Menon VP: Prevention of nicotine and streptozotocin treatment induced circulatory oxidative stress by bis-1,7-(2-hydroxyphenyl)-hepta-1,6-diene-3,5-dione in diabetic rats. Mol Cell Biochem. 331:127–133. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

136 

Tüter G, Kurtiş B and Serdar M: Interleukin-1beta and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) levels after phase I periodontal therapy in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 72:883–888. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

137 

Tsai CC, Chen HS, Chen SL, Ho YP, Ho KY, Wu YM and Hung CC: Lipid peroxidation: A possible role in the induction and progression of chronic periodontitis. J Periodontal Res. 40:378–384. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

138 

Akalin FA, Baltacioğlu E, Alver A and Karabulut E: Lipid peroxidation levels and total oxidant status in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Clin Periodontol. 34:558–565. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

139 

Golz L, Memmert S, Rath-Deschner B, Jager A, Appel T, Baumgarten G, Götz W and Frede S: LPS from P. gingivalis and hypoxia increases oxidative stress in periodontal ligament fibroblasts and contributes to periodontitis. Mediators Inflamm. 2014:9862642014.PubMed/NCBI

140 

Thomas B, Ramesh A, Suresh S and Prasad BR: A comparative evaluation of antioxidant enzymes and selenium in the serum of periodontitis patients with diabetes mellitus type 2. Contemp Clin Dent. 4:176–180. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

141 

Tamaki N, Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Yamanaka R and Morita M: Periodontal treatment decreases plasma oxidized LDL level and oxidative stress. Clin Oral Investig. 15:953–958. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

142 

D'Aiuto F, Nibali L, Parkar M, Patel K, Suvan J and Donos N: Oxidative stress, systemic inflammation, and severe periodontitis. J Dent Res. 89:1241–1246. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

143 

Tamaki N, Tomofuji T, Ekuni D, Yamanaka R, Yamamoto T and Morita M: Short-term effects of non-surgical periodontal treatment on plasma level of reactive oxygen metabolites in patients with chronic periodontitis. J Periodontol. 80:901–906. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

144 

Chaudhary S, Gowda TM, Mehta DS and Kumar TAB: Comparative evaluation of plasma ROM levels in chronic periodontitis patients before and after non-surgical and surgical periodontal therapy: A clinical trial. J Indian Soc Periodontol. 18:140–144. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

145 

Wei D, Zhang XL, Wang YZ, Yang CX and Chen G: Lipid peroxidation levels, total oxidant status and superoxide dismutase in serum, saliva and gingival crevicular fluid in chronic periodontitis patients before and after periodontal therapy. Aust Dent J. 55:70–78. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

146 

Zacharakis G, Koskinas J, Kotsiou S, Tzara F, Vafeiadis N, Papoutselis M, Maltezos E, Sivridis E and Papoutselis K: The role of serial measurement of serum HBV DNA levels in patients with chronic HBeAg(−) hepatitis B infection: Association with liver disease progression. A prospective cohort study. J Hepatol. 49:884–891. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

147 

van Zonneveld M, Honkoop P, Hansen BE, Niesters HG, Darwish Murad S, de Man RA, Schalm SW and Janssen HL: Long-term follow-up of alpha-interferon treatment of patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatology. 39:804–810. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

148 

El-Serag HB: Epidemiology of viral hepatitis and hepatocellular carcinoma. Gastroenterology. 142:1264–1273.e1. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

149 

Alavian SM, Izadi M, Zare AA, Lankarani MM, Assari S and Vardi MM: Survey of the level of anti-HBs antibody titer in vaccinated Iranian general dentists. Spec Care Dentist. 28:265–270. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

150 

Mahboobi N, Porter SR, Karayiannis P and Alavian SM: Dental treatment as a risk factor for hepatitis B and C viral infection. A review of the recent literature. J Gastrointestin Liver Dis. 22:79–86. 2013.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Han P, Sun D and Yang J: Interaction between periodontitis and liver diseases (Review). Biomed Rep 5: 267-276, 2016.
APA
Han, P., Sun, D., & Yang, J. (2016). Interaction between periodontitis and liver diseases (Review). Biomedical Reports, 5, 267-276. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.718
MLA
Han, P., Sun, D., Yang, J."Interaction between periodontitis and liver diseases (Review)". Biomedical Reports 5.3 (2016): 267-276.
Chicago
Han, P., Sun, D., Yang, J."Interaction between periodontitis and liver diseases (Review)". Biomedical Reports 5, no. 3 (2016): 267-276. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.718
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Han P, Sun D and Yang J: Interaction between periodontitis and liver diseases (Review). Biomed Rep 5: 267-276, 2016.
APA
Han, P., Sun, D., & Yang, J. (2016). Interaction between periodontitis and liver diseases (Review). Biomedical Reports, 5, 267-276. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.718
MLA
Han, P., Sun, D., Yang, J."Interaction between periodontitis and liver diseases (Review)". Biomedical Reports 5.3 (2016): 267-276.
Chicago
Han, P., Sun, D., Yang, J."Interaction between periodontitis and liver diseases (Review)". Biomedical Reports 5, no. 3 (2016): 267-276. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2016.718
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team