Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
April-2017 Volume 6 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2017 Volume 6 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Ginsenoside Rd as a potential neuroprotective agent prevents trimethyltin injury

  • Authors:
    • Jingang Hou
    • Jianjie Xue
    • Mira Lee
    • Changkeun Sung
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Intelligent Synthetic Biology Center, Daejeon 34141, Republic of Korea, Qingdao Jingcheng Detection Technology Co., Ltd., Qingdao, Shandong 266555, P.R. China, Korea Institute of Oriental Medicine, Daegu 41062, Republic of Korea, Department of Food Science and Technology, College of Agriculture and Biotechnology, Chungnam National University, Daejeon 305764, Republic of Korea
  • Pages: 435-440
    |
    Published online on: February 22, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.864
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Trimethyltin (TMT) is a potent neurotoxicant that affects various regions within the central nervous system, including the neocortex, cerebellum, and hippocampus. In the present study, ginsenoside Rd was investigated as a candidate neuroprotective agent in a primary hippocampal neuron culture and mouse models. TMT induced neurotoxicity in a seven‑day primary hippocampal neuron culture in a dose‑dependent manner (2.5‑10 µM). However, pre‑treatment with 20 µg/ml ginsenoside Rd for 24 h reversed the toxic action. ICR mice were administered a single injection of 2 mg/kg body weight TMT. Apparent tremor seizure and impaired passive avoidance tests demonstrated significant differences when compared with a saline treated control group. Nissl staining was performed to evaluate the neuronal loss in the hippocampus. In addition, immunostaining of glial fibrillary acidic protein characterized the features of astroglial activation. These results demonstrated that TMT markedly induced Cornu Ammonis 1 subregion neuronal loss and reactive astrocytes in the hippocampus, indicating disrupted hippocampal function. Notably, ginsenoside Rd attenuated the tremor seizures and cognitive decline in behavioral tests. Additionally, significantly reduced neuronal loss (P=0.018) and active astroglials (P=0.003) were observed in the ginsenoside Rd treated group. Ginsenoside Rd prevented TMT‑induced cell apoptosis via regulation of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2), bcl‑2‑like protein 4 and caspase‑3. These results demonstrate that ginsenoside may be developed as a neuroprotective agent to prevent TMT‑induced neurotoxicity.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Dorman DC: An integrative approach to neurotoxicology. Toxicol Pathol. 28:37–42. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Ha JS, Jin DE, Park SK, Park CH, Seung TW, Bae DW, Kim DO and Heo HJ: Antiamnesic Effect of Actinidia arguta Extract Intake in a Mouse Model of TMT-Induced Learning and Memory Dysfunction. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2015:8764842015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Lattanzi W, Corvino V, Di Maria V, Michetti F and Geloso MC: Gene expression profiling as a tool to investigate the molecular machinery activated during hippocampal neurodegeneration induced by trimethyltin (TMT) administration. Int J Mol Sci. 14:16817–16835. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Kim J, Yang M, Kim J, Song L, Lee S, Son Y, Kang S, Bae CS, Kim JC, Kim SH, et al: Developmental and degenerative modulation of brain-derived neurotrophic factor transcript variants in the mouse hippocampus. Int J Dev Neurosci. 38:68–73. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Bouldin TW, Goines ND, Bagnell RC and Krigman MR: Pathogenesis of trimethyltin neuronal toxicity. Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations. Am J Pathol. 104:237–249. 1981.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Park HJ, Lee MS, Shim HS, Lee GR, Chung SY, Kang YM, Lee BJ, Seo YB, Kim KS and Shim I: Fermented Saccharina japonica (Phaeophyta) improves neuritogenic activity and TMT-induced cognitive deficits in rats. Algae. 31:73–84. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Shim HS, Park HJ, Ahn YH, Her S, Han JJ, Hahm DH, Lee H and Shim I: Krill-Derived Phosphatidylserine Improves TMT-Induced Memory Impairment in the Rat. Biomol Ther (Seoul). 20:207–213. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Kaur S and Nehru B: Alteration in glutathione homeostasis and oxidative stress during the sequelae of trimethyltin syndrome in rat brain. Biol Trace Elem Res. 153:299–308. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Gasparova Z, Stara V, Janega P, Navarova J, Sedlackova N, Mach M and Ujhazy E: Pyridoindole antioxidant-induced preservation of rat hippocampal pyramidal cell number linked with reduction of oxidative stress yet without influence on cognitive deterioration in Alzheimer-like neurodegeneration. Neuro Endocrinol Lett. 35:454–462. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

10 

Kim HJ, Kim P and Shin CY: A comprehensive review of the therapeutic and pharmacological effects of ginseng and ginsenosides in central nervous system. J Ginseng Res. 37:8–29. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Peng L, Sun S, Xie LH, Wicks SM and Xie JT: Ginsenoside Re: Pharmacological effects on cardiovascular system. Cardiovasc Ther. 30:e183–e188. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Kim MY and Cho JY: 20S-dihydroprotopanaxadiol, a ginsenoside derivative, boosts innate immune responses of monocytes and macrophages. J Ginseng Res. 37:293–299. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Wang Y, Kan H, Yin Y, Wu W, Hu W, Wang M and Li W and Li W: Protective effects of ginsenoside Rg1 on chronic restraint stress induced learning and memory impairments in male mice. Pharmacol Biochem Behav. 120:73–81. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Zhou Y, Li HQ, Lu L, Fu DL, Liu AJ, Li JH and Zheng GQ: Ginsenoside Rg1 provides neuroprotection against blood brain barrier disruption and neurological injury in a rat model of cerebral ischemia/reperfusion through downregulation of aquaporin 4 expression. Phytomedicine. 21:998–1003. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Wang Y, Li X, Wang X, Lau W, Wang Y, Xing Y, Zhang X, Ma X and Gao F: Ginsenoside Rd attenuates myocardial ischemia/reperfusion injury via Akt/GSK-3β signaling and inhibition of the mitochondria-dependent apoptotic pathway. PLoS One. 8:e709562013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Zhang C, Du F, Shi M, Ye R, Cheng H, Han J, Ma L, Cao R, Rao Z and Zhao G: Ginsenoside Rd protects neurons against glutamate-induced excitotoxicity by inhibiting ca(2+) influx. Cell Mol Neurobiol. 32:121–128. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Li G, Zhang XX, Lin L, et al: Preparation of Ginsenoside Rg3 and Protection against H2O2-Induced Oxidative Stress in Human Neuroblastoma SK-N-SH Cells. J Chem. 2014:8485712014. View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Li N, Zhou L, Li W, Liu Y, Wang J and He P: Protective effects of ginsenosides Rg1 and Rb1 on an Alzheimer's disease mouse model: A metabolomics study. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 985:54–61. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Fang F, Chen X, Huang T, Lue LF, Luddy JS and Yan SS: Multi-faced neuroprotective effects of Ginsenoside Rg1 in an Alzheimer mouse model. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1822:286–292. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Kaech S and Banker G: Culturing hippocampal neurons. Nat Protoc. 1:2406–2415. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Funk JA, Gohlke J, Kraft AD, McPherson CA, Collins JB and Harry G Jean: Voluntary exercise protects hippocampal neurons from trimethyltin injury: Possible role of interleukin-6 to modulate tumor necrosis factor receptor-mediated neurotoxicity. Brain Behav Immun. 25:1063–1077. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Ishida N, Akaike M, Tsutsumi S, Kanai H, Masui A, Sadamatsu M, Kuroda Y, Watanabe Y, McEwen BS and Kato N: Trimethyltin syndrome as a hippocampal degeneration model: Temporal changes and neurochemical features of seizure susceptibility and learning impairment. Neuroscience. 81:1183–1191. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Janigro D and Costa LG: Effects of trimethyltin on granule cells excitability in the in vitro rat dentate gyrus. Neurotoxicol Teratol. 9:33–38. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Choi GN, Kim JH, Kwak JH, Jeong C-H, Jeong HR, Lee U and Heo HJ: Effect of quercetin on learning and memory performance in ICR mice under neurotoxic trimethyltin exposure. Food Chem. 132:1019–1024. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Kaur S, Chhabra R and Nehru B: Ginkgo biloba extract attenuates hippocampal neuronal loss and cognitive dysfunction resulting from trimethyltin in mice. Phytomedicine. 20:178–186. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Geloso MC, Vercelli A, Corvino V, Repici M, Boca M, Haglid K, Zelano G and Michetti F: Cyclooxygenase-2 and caspase 3 expression in trimethyltin-induced apoptosis in the mouse hippocampus. Exp Neurol. 175:152–160. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Koczyk D and Oderfeld-Nowak B: Long-term microglial and astroglial activation in the hippocampus of trimethyltin-intoxicated rat: Stimulation of NGF and TrkA immunoreactivities in astroglia but not in microglia. Int J Dev Neurosci. 18:591–606. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Latini L, Geloso MC, Corvino V, Giannetti S, Florenzano F, Viscomi MT, Michetti F and Molinari M: Trimethyltin intoxication up-regulates nitric oxide synthase in neurons and purinergic ionotropic receptor 2 in astrocytes in the hippocampus. J Neurosci Res. 88:500–509. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Gunasekar PG, Mickova V, Kotyzova D, Li L, Borowitz JL, Eybl V and Isom GE: Role of astrocytes in trimethyltin neurotoxicity. J Biochem Mol Toxicol. 15:256–262. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Qu M, Zhou Z, Chen C, Li M, Pei L, Chu F, Yang J, Wang Y, Li L, Liu C, et al: Lycopene protects against trimethyltin-induced neurotoxicity in primary cultured rat hippocampal neurons by inhibiting the mitochondrial apoptotic pathway. Neurochem Int. 59:1095–1103. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Zhang L, Li L, Prabhakaran K, Borowitz JL and Isom GE: Trimethyltin-induced apoptosis is associated with upregulation of inducible nitric oxide synthase and Bax in a hippocampal cell line. Toxicol Appl Pharmacol. 216:34–43. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hou J, Xue J, Lee M and Sung C: Ginsenoside Rd as a potential neuroprotective agent prevents trimethyltin injury. Biomed Rep 6: 435-440, 2017.
APA
Hou, J., Xue, J., Lee, M., & Sung, C. (2017). Ginsenoside Rd as a potential neuroprotective agent prevents trimethyltin injury. Biomedical Reports, 6, 435-440. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.864
MLA
Hou, J., Xue, J., Lee, M., Sung, C."Ginsenoside Rd as a potential neuroprotective agent prevents trimethyltin injury". Biomedical Reports 6.4 (2017): 435-440.
Chicago
Hou, J., Xue, J., Lee, M., Sung, C."Ginsenoside Rd as a potential neuroprotective agent prevents trimethyltin injury". Biomedical Reports 6, no. 4 (2017): 435-440. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.864
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hou J, Xue J, Lee M and Sung C: Ginsenoside Rd as a potential neuroprotective agent prevents trimethyltin injury. Biomed Rep 6: 435-440, 2017.
APA
Hou, J., Xue, J., Lee, M., & Sung, C. (2017). Ginsenoside Rd as a potential neuroprotective agent prevents trimethyltin injury. Biomedical Reports, 6, 435-440. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.864
MLA
Hou, J., Xue, J., Lee, M., Sung, C."Ginsenoside Rd as a potential neuroprotective agent prevents trimethyltin injury". Biomedical Reports 6.4 (2017): 435-440.
Chicago
Hou, J., Xue, J., Lee, M., Sung, C."Ginsenoside Rd as a potential neuroprotective agent prevents trimethyltin injury". Biomedical Reports 6, no. 4 (2017): 435-440. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.864
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team