Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
April-2017 Volume 6 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2017 Volume 6 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Calprotectin in serum and zonulin in serum and feces are elevated after introduction of a diet with lower carbohydrate content and higher fiber, fat and protein contents

  • Authors:
    • Bodil Ohlsson
    • Bodil Roth
    • Ewa Larsson
    • Peter Höglund
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Internal Medicine, Skane University Hospital, Malmo, Sweden, Department of Cardiothoracic Surgery, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden, Department of Clinical Chemistry and Pharmacology, Lund University, Skane University Hospital, Lund, Sweden
    Copyright: © Ohlsson et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 411-422
    |
    Published online on: February 22, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.865
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Calprotectin is a marker of inflammation and zonulin is a marker of intestinal permeability. Diets with lower carbohydrate content and higher contents of fat, fiber and protein, e.g., Okinawan‑based diet, are considered to reduce inflammation and intestinal permeability. The aim of the present study was to evaluate calprotectin and zonulin levels in serum and feces after intervention with an Okinawan‑based Nordic diet. Thirty patients (17 women) with type 2 diabetes, mean age 57.5±8.2 years, BMI 29.9±4.1 kg/m2, were served the diet during 12 weeks, and were followed for another 16 weeks. Anthropometric and metabolic parameters were registered. Fasting levels of calprotectin and zonulin in serum and feces, and hormones in plasma, were measured by Luminex or ELISA before study start and after 12 and 28 weeks. Calprotectin in serum tended to be increased (P=0.074) after 12 weeks. Zonulin in serum and feces were elevated after 12 weeks (P=0.019 vs. P<0.001), and remained elevated in serum after 28 weeks (P=0.014). In contrast to baseline, there was a correlation between calprotectin and zonulin in serum and feces after dietary intervention (P=0.025 vs. P=0.079). Energy percentage of protein in breakfast correlated with serum calprotectin (P=0.008) and tended to correlate with serum zonulin (P=0.059). Calprotectin in serum tended to be elevated, and zonulin in serum and feces are elevated after introduction of an Okinawan‑based Nordic diet. These biomarkers correlate with energy percentage of protein.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Odink K, Cerletti N, Brüggen J, Clerc RG, Tarcsay L, Zwadlo G, Gerhards G, Schlegel R and Sorg C: Two calcium-binding proteins in infiltrate macrophages of rheumatoid arthritis. Nature. 330:80–82. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Zwadlo G, Brüggen J, Gerhards G, Schlegel R and Sorg C: Two calcium-binding proteins associated with specific stages of myeloid cell differentiation are expressed by subsets of macrophages in inflammatory tissues. Clin Exp Immunol. 72:510–515. 1988.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Ehrchen JM, Sunderkötter C, Foell D, Vogl T and Roth J: The endogenous Toll-like receptor 4 agonist S100A8/S100A9 (calprotectin) as innate amplifier of infection, autoimmunity, and cancer. J Leukoc Biol. 86:557–566. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Catalán V, Gómez-Ambrosi J, Rodríguez A, Ramírez B, Rotellar F, Valentí V, Silva C, Gil MJ, Fernández-Real JM, Salvador J and Frühbeck G: Increased levels of calprotectin in obesity are related to macrophage content: Impact on inflammation and effect of weight loss. Mol Med. 17:1157–1167. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ortega FJ, Sabater M, Moreno-Navarrete JM, Pueyo N, Botas P, Delgado E, Ricart W, Frühbeck G and Fernández-Real JM: Serum and urinary concentrations of calprotectin as markers of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Eur J Endocrinol. 167:569–578. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Pedersen L, Nybo M, Poulsen MK, Henriksen JE, Dahl J and Rasmussen LM: Plasma calprotectin and its association with cardiovascular disease manifestations, obesity and the metabolic syndrome in type 2 diabetes mellitus patients. BMC Cardiovasc Disord. 14:1962014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Eue I, Pietz B, Storck J, Klempt M and Sorg C: Transendothelial migration of 27E10+ human monocytes. Int Immunol. 12:1593–1604. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Chiba H, Osanai M, Murata M, Kojima T and Sawada N: Transmembrane proteins of tight junctions. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1778:588–600. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Fasano A: Regulation of intercellular tight junctions by zonula occludens toxin and its eukaryotic analogue zonulin. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 915:214–222. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Tripathi A, Lammers KM, Goldblum S, Shea-Donohue T, Netzel-Arnett S, Buzza MS, Antalis TM, Vogel SN, Zhao A, Yang S, et al: Identification of human zonulin, a physiological modulator of tight junctions, as prehaptoglobin-2. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:16799–16804. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Sapone A, de Magistris L, Pietzak M, Clemente MG, Tripathi A, Cucca F, Lampis R, Kryszak D, Cartenì M, Generoso M, et al: Zonulin upregulation is associated with increased gut permeability in subjects with type 1 diabetes and their relatives. Diabetes. 55:1443–1449. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Fasano A: Intestinal permeability and its regulation by zonulin: Diagnostic and therapeutic implications. Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol. 10:1096–1100. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

El Asmar R, Panigrahi P, Bamford P, Berti I, Not T, Coppa GV, Catassi C and Fasano A: Host-dependent zonulin secretion causes the impairment of the small intestine barrier function after bacterial exposure. Gastroenterology. 123:1607–1615. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Vanuytsel T, Vermeire S and Cleynen I: The role of Haptoglobin and its related protein, Zonulin, in inflammatory bowel disease. Tissue Barriers. 1:e273212013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Qi L and Hu FB: Dietary glycemic load, whole grains, and systemic inflammation in diabetes: The epidemiological evidence. Curr Opin Lipidol. 18:3–8. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Calder PC, Ahluwalia N, Brouns F, Buetler T, Clement K, Cunningham K, Esposito K, Jönsson LS, Kolb H, Lansink M, et al: Dietary factors and low-grade inflammation in relation to overweight and obesity. Br J Nutr. 106 Suppl 3:S5–S78. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

de Punder K and Pruimboom L: The dietary intake of wheat and other cereal grains and their role in inflammation. Nutrients. 5:771–787. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Darwiche G, Höglund P, Roth B, Larsson E, Sjöberg T, Wohlfart B, Steen S and Ohlsson B: An Okinawan-based Nordic diet improves anthropometry, metabolic control, and health-related quality of life in Scandinavian patients with type 2 diabetes: A pilot trial. Food Nutr Res. 60:325942016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Willcox DC, Scapagnini G and Willcox BJ: Healthy aging diets other than the Mediterranean: A focus on the Okinawan diet. Mech Ageing Dev. 136–137, 148–162. 2014.

20 

Norden: Nordic Nutrition Recommendations 2012, . Integrating nutrition and physical activity. Nordic Council of Ministers. https://www.norden.org/en/theme/nordic-nutrition-recommendation/nordic-nutrition-recommendations-2012

21 

Ohlsson B, Höglund P, Roth B and Darwiche G: Modification of a traditional breakfast leads to increased satiety along with attenuated plasma increments of glucose, C-peptide, insulin, and glucose-dependent insulinotropic polypeptide in humans. Nutr Res. 36:359–368. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Diabetes Trials Unit, . The Oxford Centre for Diabetes, Endocrinology and Metabolism: HOMA2 calculator. 2016, University of Oxford; Oxford, UK:

23 

Walsham NE and Sherwood RA: Fecal calprotectin in inflammatory bowel disease. Clin Exp Gastroenterol. 9:21–29. 2016.PubMed/NCBI

24 

World Health Organization, . BMI classification. http://apps.who.int/bmi/index.jsp?introPage=intro_3.html

25 

Zak-Gołąb A, Kocełak P, Aptekorz M, Zientara M, Juszczyk L, Martirosian G, Chudek J and Olszanecka-Glinianowicz M: Gut microbiota, microinflammation, metabolic profile, and zonulin concentration in obese and normal weight subjects. Int J Endocrinol. 2013:6741062013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhang D, Zhang L, Zheng Y, Yue F, Russell RD and Zeng Y: Circulating zonulin levels in newly diagnosed Chinese type 2 diabetes patients. Diabetes Res Clin Pract. 106:312–318. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Malyszko J, Koc-Zorawska E, Levin-Iaina N and Malyszko J: Zonulin, iron status, and anemia in kidney transplant recipients: Are they related? Transplant Proc. 46:2644–2646. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Kant P, Fazakerley R and Hull MA: Faecal calprotectin levels before and after weight loss in obese and overweight subjects. Int J Obes. 37:317–319. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Lamprecht M, Bogner S, Schippinger G, Steinbauer K, Fankhauser F, Hallstroem S, Schuetz B and Greilberger JF: Probiotic supplementation affects markers of intestinal barrier, oxidation, and inflammation in trained men; a randomized, double-blinded, placebo-controlled trial. J Int Soc Sports Nutr. 9:452012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ohlsson B, Darwiche G, Roth B and Höglund P: Two meals with different carbohydrate, fat and protein contents render equivalent postprandial plasma levels of calprotectin, cortisol, triglycerides and zonulin. Int J Food Sci Nutr. 67:872–880. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Zhou LM, Xu JY, Rao CP, Han S, Wan Z and Qin LQ: Effect of whey supplementation on circulating C-reactive protein: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials. Nutrients. 7:1131–1143. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Ticinesi A, Meschi T, Lauretani F, Felis G, Franchi F, Pedrolli C, Barichella M, Benati G, Di Nuzzo S, Ceda GP and Maggio M: Nutrition and Inflammation in older individuals: Focus on Vitamin D, n-3 polyunsaturated fatty acids and whey proteins. Nutrients. 8:1862016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Hang I, Heilmann RM, Grützner N, Suchodolski JS, Steiner JM, Atroshi F, Sankari S, Kettunen A, de Vos WM, Zentek J and Spillmann T: Impact of diets with a high content of greaves-meal protein or carbohydrates on faecal characteristics, volatile fatty acids and faecal calprotectin concentrations in healthy dogs. BMC Vet Res. 9:2012013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Fardet A: New hypotheses for the health-protective mechanisms of whole-grain cereals: What is beyond fibre? Nutr Res Rev. 23:65–134. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Schwab U, Lauritzen L, Tholstrup T, Haldorssoni T, Riserus U, Uusitupa M and Becker W: Effect of the amount and type of dietary fat on cardiometabolic risk factors and risk of developing type 2 diabetes, cardiovascular diseases, and cancer: A systematic review. Food Nutr Res. 58:251452014. View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Wedlake L, Slack N, Andreyev HJ and Whelan K: Fiber in the treatment and maintenance of inflammatory bowel disease: A systematic review of randomized controlled trials. Inflamm Bowel Dis. 20:576–586. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Casas R, Sacanella E and Estruch R: The immune protective effect of the Mediterranean diet against chronic low-grade inflammatory diseases. Endocr Metab Immune Disord Drug Targets. 14:245–254. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Mima A: Inflammation and oxidative stress in diabetic nephropathy: New insights on its inhibition as new therapeutic targets. J Diabetes Res. 2013:2485632013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Adamsson V, Reumark A, Fredriksson IB, Hammarström E, Vessby B, Johansson G and Risérus U: Effects of a healthy Nordic diet on cardiovascular risk factors in hypercholesterolaemic subjects: A randomized controlled trial (NORDIET). J Intern Med. 269:150–159. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Al-Suhaimi EA and Shehzad A: Leptin, resistin and visfatin: The missing link between endocrine metabolic disorders and immunity. Eur J Med Res. 18:122013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Garten A, Schuster S, Penke M, Gorski T, de Giorgis T and Kiess W: Physiological and pathophysiological roles of NAMPT and NAD metabolism. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 11:535–546. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ohlsson B, Roth B, Larsson E and Höglund P: Calprotectin in serum and zonulin in serum and feces are elevated after introduction of a diet with lower carbohydrate content and higher fiber, fat and protein contents. Biomed Rep 6: 411-422, 2017.
APA
Ohlsson, B., Roth, B., Larsson, E., & Höglund, P. (2017). Calprotectin in serum and zonulin in serum and feces are elevated after introduction of a diet with lower carbohydrate content and higher fiber, fat and protein contents. Biomedical Reports, 6, 411-422. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.865
MLA
Ohlsson, B., Roth, B., Larsson, E., Höglund, P."Calprotectin in serum and zonulin in serum and feces are elevated after introduction of a diet with lower carbohydrate content and higher fiber, fat and protein contents". Biomedical Reports 6.4 (2017): 411-422.
Chicago
Ohlsson, B., Roth, B., Larsson, E., Höglund, P."Calprotectin in serum and zonulin in serum and feces are elevated after introduction of a diet with lower carbohydrate content and higher fiber, fat and protein contents". Biomedical Reports 6, no. 4 (2017): 411-422. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.865
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ohlsson B, Roth B, Larsson E and Höglund P: Calprotectin in serum and zonulin in serum and feces are elevated after introduction of a diet with lower carbohydrate content and higher fiber, fat and protein contents. Biomed Rep 6: 411-422, 2017.
APA
Ohlsson, B., Roth, B., Larsson, E., & Höglund, P. (2017). Calprotectin in serum and zonulin in serum and feces are elevated after introduction of a diet with lower carbohydrate content and higher fiber, fat and protein contents. Biomedical Reports, 6, 411-422. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.865
MLA
Ohlsson, B., Roth, B., Larsson, E., Höglund, P."Calprotectin in serum and zonulin in serum and feces are elevated after introduction of a diet with lower carbohydrate content and higher fiber, fat and protein contents". Biomedical Reports 6.4 (2017): 411-422.
Chicago
Ohlsson, B., Roth, B., Larsson, E., Höglund, P."Calprotectin in serum and zonulin in serum and feces are elevated after introduction of a diet with lower carbohydrate content and higher fiber, fat and protein contents". Biomedical Reports 6, no. 4 (2017): 411-422. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2017.865
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team