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Article Open Access

Trends in the epidemiology of purple urine bag syndrome: A systematic review

  • Authors:
    • Hsiu‑Wu Yang
    • Yu‑Jang Su
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Emergency Medicine, Mackay Memorial Hospital, Taipei 10449, Taiwan
    Copyright: © Yang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 249-256
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    Published online on: January 23, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2018.1046
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Abstract

Purple urine bag syndrome (PUBS) is rarely observed in clinical practice. The present study aimed to identify the epidemiological trends in PUBS in recent decades. A search of PubMed articles published between 1980 October and 2016 August was conducted, in which 106 articles (174 cases) described PUBS. Of these cases, 58 cases were excluded: 14 cases without mention of gender, 4 cases without description of age, 37 cases without mention of white blood cell (WBC) count, shock status, fever status or description of etiology, and 3 cases without information on mortality. The remaining 116 PUBS cases were collected and analyzed in the present study. The articles were divided into three groups by publication year: 1991 to 2000, 2001 to 2010 and 2011 to 2016. The χ2 test was used for statistical analysis, with P<0.05 (two‑tailed) defined as the threshold for significance. Of the total enrolled cases, there were 47 men (40.5%) and 69 women (59.5%), with a mean age ± standard deviation of 75.6±12.8 years. Of these, 98 cases (84.5%) were elderly (≥65 years old). A total of 93.1% of cases had a urine pH >7 while 6.9% of cases had acidic urine (pH <7). Furthermore, although WBC count elevated progressively, the mortality rate of patients with PUBS decreased over subsequent decades. This necessitates the advancement of antibiotics and application of early goal‑directed therapy. Additionally, the overall mortality rate of PUBS (1980‑2016) was 6.8%, which decreased to 4.3% in the last 5 years (2011‑2016). In conclusion, although PUBS has previously been considered a benign process in the majority of indwelling catheterized patients, emphasis is required on early examination and aggressive antibiotic administration.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Yang HW and Su YJ: Trends in the epidemiology of purple urine bag syndrome: A systematic review. Biomed Rep 8: 249-256, 2018.
APA
Yang, H., & Su, Y. (2018). Trends in the epidemiology of purple urine bag syndrome: A systematic review. Biomedical Reports, 8, 249-256. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2018.1046
MLA
Yang, H., Su, Y."Trends in the epidemiology of purple urine bag syndrome: A systematic review". Biomedical Reports 8.3 (2018): 249-256.
Chicago
Yang, H., Su, Y."Trends in the epidemiology of purple urine bag syndrome: A systematic review". Biomedical Reports 8, no. 3 (2018): 249-256. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2018.1046
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Yang HW and Su YJ: Trends in the epidemiology of purple urine bag syndrome: A systematic review. Biomed Rep 8: 249-256, 2018.
APA
Yang, H., & Su, Y. (2018). Trends in the epidemiology of purple urine bag syndrome: A systematic review. Biomedical Reports, 8, 249-256. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2018.1046
MLA
Yang, H., Su, Y."Trends in the epidemiology of purple urine bag syndrome: A systematic review". Biomedical Reports 8.3 (2018): 249-256.
Chicago
Yang, H., Su, Y."Trends in the epidemiology of purple urine bag syndrome: A systematic review". Biomedical Reports 8, no. 3 (2018): 249-256. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2018.1046
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