Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
February-2021 Volume 14 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2021 Volume 14 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in entecavir‑treated chronic hepatitis B patients: A pilot randomized controlled study

  • Authors:
    • Jun Inoue
    • Takehiro Akahane
    • Tomoo Kobayashi
    • Noriyuki Obara
    • Teruyuki Umetsu
    • Eiji Kakazu
    • Masashi Ninomiya
    • Tomoaki Iwata
    • Akitoshi Sano
    • Mio Tsuruoka
    • Kosuke Sato
    • Atsushi Masamune
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Division of Gastroenterology, Tohoku University Graduate School of Medicine, Sendai, Miyagi 980‑8574, Japan, Department of Gastroenterology, Japanese Red Cross Ishinomaki Hospital, Ishinomaki, Miyagi 986‑8522, Japan, Department of Hepatology, Tohoku Rosai Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 981‑8563, Japan, Department of Gastroenterology, Japan Community Health care Organization Sendai Hospital, Sendai, Miyagi 981‑8501, Japan, Department of Internal Medicine, Kesen‑numa City Hospital, Kesennuma, Miyagi 988‑0181, Japan
    Copyright: © Inoue et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 20
    |
    Published online on: December 1, 2020
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1396
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Although hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) removal is considered the goal of chronic hepatitis B treatment, it can rarely be achieved with nucleos(t)ide analogues (NAs). It has been reported that tenofovir disoproxil fumarate (TDF) is superior in reducing HBsAg compared with entecavir (ETV) in treatment‑naïve patients; however, the effect of TDF in patients who have received NAs is still unclear. The aim of the present study was to evaluate the efficacy of switching from ETV to TDF in patients who were already receiving ETV. A pilot randomized controlled study for 2 years in patients who had been treated with ETV for >1 year and did not exhibit drug resistance was performed (Clinical trial registration: UMIN000021948, UMIN‑CTR, May 1, 2016). A total of 20 patients were enrolled and 19 patients were randomized into 2 groups, a TDF‑switching group (n=12) or an ETV‑continuing group (n=7). The mean change in HBsAg levels after 2 years was greater in the TDF group compared with the ETV group, but the difference was not significant (‑0.25 vs. ‑0.06 log IU/ml). In the TDF group, hepatitis B e antigen (HBeAg)‑positive patients at baseline showed significantly greater changes in HBsAg (‑0.63 vs. ‑0.03 log IU/ml; P=0.030). In contrast, no difference between HBeAg‑positive and HBeAg‑negative patients was observed in the ETV group. No significant differences of estimated glomerular filtration rate and inorganic phosphorus changes were observed among the TDF and ETV groups. In conclusion, a significant HBsAg decrease was not achieved after switching from ETV to TDF in the overall analysis, but HBeAg‑positive patients showed a larger HBsAg decrease after switching treatment.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Polaris Observatory Collaborators. Global prevalence, treatment, and prevention of hepatitis B virus infection in 2016: A modelling study. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 3:383–403. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Inoue J, Ninomiya M, Shimosegawa T and McNiven MA: Cellular membrane trafficking machineries used by the hepatitis viruses. Hepatology. 68:751–762. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Cornberg M, Wong VW, Locarnini S, Brunetto M, Janssen HL and Chan HL: The role of quantitative hepatitis B surface antigen revisited. J Hepatol. 66:398–411. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

European Association for the Study of the Liver. Electronic address: simpleeasloffice@easloffice.eu; European Association for the Study of the Liver. EASL 2017 Clinical Practice Guidelines on the management of hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 67:370–398. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Terrault NA, Lok ASF, McMahon BJ, Chang KM, Hwang JP, Jonas MM, Brown RS Jr, Bzowej NH and Wong JB: Update on prevention, diagnosis, and treatment of chronic hepatitis B: AASLD 2018 hepatitis B guidance. Hepatology. 67:1560–1599. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Marcellin P, Ahn SH, Ma X, Caruntu FA, Tak WY, Elkashab M, Chuang WL, Lim SG, Tabak F, Mehta R, et al: Combination of tenofovir disoproxil fumarate and peginterferon α-2a increases loss of hepatitis B surface antigen in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Gastroenterology. 150:134–144.e10. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Tamaki N, Kurosaki M, Kusakabe A, Orito E, Joko K, Kojima Y, Kimura H, Uchida Y, Hasebe C, Asahina Y, et al: Hepatitis B surface antigen reduction by switching from long-term nucleoside/nucleotide analogue administration to pegylated interferon. J Viral Hepat. 24:672–678. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Tatsukawa Y, Tsuge M, Kawakami Y, Hiyama Y, Murakami E, Kurihara M, Nomura M, Tsushima K, Uchida T, Nakahara T, et al: Reduction of hepatitis B surface antigen in sequential versus add-on pegylated interferon to nucleoside/nucleotide analogue therapy in HBe-antigen-negative chronic hepatitis B patients: A pilot study. Antivir Ther. 23:639–646. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Asselah T, Loureiro D, Boyer N and Mansouri A: Targets and future direct-acting antiviral approaches to achieve hepatitis B virus cure. Lancet Gastroenterol Hepatol. 4:883–892. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Tseng TC, Liu CJ, Yang HC, Su TH, Wang CC, Chen CL, Kuo SF, Liu CH, Chen PJ, Chen DS and Kao JH: High levels of hepatitis B surface antigen increase risk of hepatocellular carcinoma in patients with low HBV load. Gastroenterology. 142:1140–1149.e3; quiz e13-4. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Tanaka E and Matsumoto A: Guidelines for avoiding risks resulting from discontinuation of nucleoside/nucleotide analogs in patients with chronic hepatitis B. Hepatol Res. 44:1–8. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Papatheodoridis G, Vlachogiannakos I, Cholongitas E, Wursthorn K, Thomadakis C, Touloumi G and Petersen J: Discontinuation of oral antivirals in chronic hepatitis B: A systematic review. Hepatology. 63:1481–1492. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Koike K, Suyama K, Ito H, Itoh H and Sugiura W: Randomized prospective study showing the non-inferiority of tenofovir to entecavir in treatment-naive chronic hepatitis B patients. Hepatol Res. 48:59–68. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Lim YS, Gwak GY, Choi J, Lee YS, Byun KS, Kim YJ, Yoo BC, Kwon SY and Lee HC: Monotherapy with tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for adefovir-resistant vs. entecavir-resistant chronic hepatitis B: A 5-year clinical trial. J Hepatol. 71:35–44. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

World Medical Association, Inc.: Declaration of Helsinki. urihttps://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki/simplehttps://www.wma.net/what-we-do/medical-ethics/declaration-of-helsinki/. Accessed October 16, 2020.

16 

Wong GL, Seto WK, Wong VW, Yuen MF and Chan HL: Review article: Long-term safety of oral anti-viral treatment for chronic hepatitis B. Aliment Pharmacol Ther. 47:730–737. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Inoue J, Akahane T, Nakayama H, Kimura O, Kobayashi T, Kisara N, Sato T, Morosawa T, Izuma M, Kakazu E, et al: Comparison of hepatitis B virus genotypes B and C among chronically hepatitis B virus-infected patients who received nucleos(t)ide analogs: A multicenter retrospective study. Hepatol Res. 49:1263–1274. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Bedossa P and Poynard T: An algorithm for the grading of activity in chronic hepatitis C. The METAVIR Cooperative Study Group. Hepatology. 24:289–293. 1996.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Iida-Ueno A, Enomoto M, Kozuka R, Tamori A and Kawada N: Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate vs continuing treatment in patients with chronic hepatitis B who maintain long-term virological response to entecavir therapy: A randomized trial. J Med Virol. 91:1295–1300. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Yim HJ, Kim IH, Suh SJ, Jung YK, Kim JH, Seo YS, Yeon JE, Kim CW, Kwon SY, Park SH, et al: Switching to tenofovir vs. continuing entecavir for hepatitis B virus with partial virologic response to entecavir: A randomized controlled trial. J Viral Hepat. 25:1321–1330. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Chen LM, Fan XG, Ma J, He B and Jiang YF: Molecular mechanisms of HBeAg in persistent HBV infection. Hepatol Int. 11:79–86. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Inoue J, Krueger EW, Chen J, Cao H, Ninomiya M and McNiven MA: HBV secretion is regulated through the activation of endocytic and autophagic compartments mediated by Rab7 stimulation. J Cell Sci. 128:1696–1706. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Inoue J, Kondo Y, Umetsu T, Yamamoto T, Miura M, Mano Y, Kobayashi T, Obara N, Niitsuma H, Kogure T, et al: Shifting hepatitis B virus genotypes of acute hepatitis B patients in northeast Japan. J Med Virol. 88:69–78. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Suzuki K, Suda G, Yamamoto Y, Furuya K, Baba M, Kimura M, Maehara O, Shimazaki T, Yamamoto K, Shigesawa T, et al: Entecavir treatment of hepatitis B virus-infected patients with severe renal impairment and those on hemodialysis. Hepatol Res. 49:1294–1304. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Ezinga M, Wetzels JF, Bosch ME, van der Ven AJ and Burger DM: Long-term treatment with tenofovir: Prevalence of kidney tubular dysfunction and its association with tenofovir plasma concentration. Antivir Ther. 19:765–771. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Agarwal K, Brunetto M, Seto WK, Lim YS, Fung S, Marcellin P, Ahn SH, Izumi N, Chuang WL, Bae H, et al: 96 weeks treatment of tenofovir alafenamide vs. tenofovir disoproxil fumarate for hepatitis B virus infection. J Hepatol. 68:672–681. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Kaneko S, Kurosaki M, Tamaki N, Itakura J, Hayashi T, Kirino S, Osawa L, Watakabe K, Okada M, Wang W, et al: Tenofovir alafenamide for hepatitis B virus infection including switching therapy from tenofovir disoproxil fumarate. J Gastroenterol Hepatol. 34:2004–2010. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Surial B, Ledergerber B, Calmy A, Cavassini M, Gunthard HF, Kovari H, Stöckle M, Bernasconi E, Schmid P, Fux CA, et al: Changes in renal function after switching from TDF to TAF in HIV-infected individuals: A prospective cohort study. J Infect Dis. 222:637–645. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Kumada T, Toyoda H, Tada T, Yasuda S, Miyake N and Tanaka J: Comparison of the impact of tenofovir alafenamide and entecavir on declines of hepatitis B surface antigen levels. Eur J Gastroenterol Hepatol: Apr 10, 2020.

30 

Hagiwara S, Nishida N, Ida H, Ueshima K, Minami Y, Takita M, Komeda Y and Kudo M: Switching from entecavir to tenofovir alafenamide versus maintaining entecavir for chronic hepatitis B. J Med Virol. 91:1804–1810. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Uchida Y, Nakao M, Tsuji S, Uemura H, Kouyama JI, Naiki K, Motoya D, Sugawara K, Nakayama N, Imai Y, et al: Significance of switching of the nucleos(t)ide analog used to treat Japanese patients with chronic hepatitis B virus infection from entecavir to tenofovir alafenamide fumarate. J Med Virol. 92:329–338. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Murata K, Asano M, Matsumoto A, Sugiyama M, Nishida N, Tanaka E, Inoue T, Sakamoto M, Enomoto N, Shirasaki T, et al: Induction of IFN-λ3 as an additional effect of nucleotide, not nucleoside, analogues: A new potential target for HBV infection. Gut. 67:362–371. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Murata K, Tsukuda S, Suizu F, Kimura A, Sugiyama M, Watashi K, Noguchi M and Mizokami M: Immunomodulatory Mechanism of Acyclic Nucleoside phosphates in treatment of hepatitis B virus infection. Hepatology. 71:1533–1545. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Baudi I, Inoue T and Tanaka Y: Novel biomarkers of hepatitis B and hepatocellular carcinoma: Clinical significance of HBcrAg and M2BPGi. Int J Mol Sci. 21(949)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Inoue J, Akahane T, Kobayashi T, Obara N, Umetsu T, Kakazu E, Ninomiya M, Iwata T, Sano A, Tsuruoka M, Tsuruoka M, et al: Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in entecavir‑treated chronic hepatitis B patients: A pilot randomized controlled study. Biomed Rep 14: 20, 2021.
APA
Inoue, J., Akahane, T., Kobayashi, T., Obara, N., Umetsu, T., Kakazu, E. ... Masamune, A. (2021). Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in entecavir‑treated chronic hepatitis B patients: A pilot randomized controlled study. Biomedical Reports, 14, 20. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1396
MLA
Inoue, J., Akahane, T., Kobayashi, T., Obara, N., Umetsu, T., Kakazu, E., Ninomiya, M., Iwata, T., Sano, A., Tsuruoka, M., Sato, K., Masamune, A."Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in entecavir‑treated chronic hepatitis B patients: A pilot randomized controlled study". Biomedical Reports 14.2 (2021): 20.
Chicago
Inoue, J., Akahane, T., Kobayashi, T., Obara, N., Umetsu, T., Kakazu, E., Ninomiya, M., Iwata, T., Sano, A., Tsuruoka, M., Sato, K., Masamune, A."Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in entecavir‑treated chronic hepatitis B patients: A pilot randomized controlled study". Biomedical Reports 14, no. 2 (2021): 20. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1396
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Inoue J, Akahane T, Kobayashi T, Obara N, Umetsu T, Kakazu E, Ninomiya M, Iwata T, Sano A, Tsuruoka M, Tsuruoka M, et al: Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in entecavir‑treated chronic hepatitis B patients: A pilot randomized controlled study. Biomed Rep 14: 20, 2021.
APA
Inoue, J., Akahane, T., Kobayashi, T., Obara, N., Umetsu, T., Kakazu, E. ... Masamune, A. (2021). Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in entecavir‑treated chronic hepatitis B patients: A pilot randomized controlled study. Biomedical Reports, 14, 20. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1396
MLA
Inoue, J., Akahane, T., Kobayashi, T., Obara, N., Umetsu, T., Kakazu, E., Ninomiya, M., Iwata, T., Sano, A., Tsuruoka, M., Sato, K., Masamune, A."Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in entecavir‑treated chronic hepatitis B patients: A pilot randomized controlled study". Biomedical Reports 14.2 (2021): 20.
Chicago
Inoue, J., Akahane, T., Kobayashi, T., Obara, N., Umetsu, T., Kakazu, E., Ninomiya, M., Iwata, T., Sano, A., Tsuruoka, M., Sato, K., Masamune, A."Switching to tenofovir disoproxil fumarate in entecavir‑treated chronic hepatitis B patients: A pilot randomized controlled study". Biomedical Reports 14, no. 2 (2021): 20. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2020.1396
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team