Open Access

Growth factor profile in calcified cartilage from the metaphysis of a calf costochondral junction, the site of initial bone formation

  • Authors:
    • Anna Iwan
    • Stanisław Moskalewski
    • Anna Hyc
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  • Published online on: April 9, 2021     https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1430
  • Article Number: 54
  • Copyright: © Iwan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Endochondral bone formation is orchestrated by growth factors produced by chondrocytes and deposited in the cartilage matrix. Whilst some of these factors have been identified, the complete list and their relationship remains unknown. In the present study, the growth factors were isolated from non‑calcified and calcified cartilage of costochondral junctions. Cartilage dissected from the ribs of 6‑20‑week‑old calves was purchased from a local butcher within 24 h of the death of the animal. The isolation involved hyaluronidase digestion, guanidinium hydrochloride (GuHCl) extraction, HCl decalcification and GuHCl extraction of the decalcified matrix. Growth factors were purified by heparin chromatography and their quantities were estimated using ELISA. Decalcified cartilage was also used for protein sequence analysis (data are available via ProteomeXchange; ID, PXD021781). Bone morphogenetic protein‑7 (BMP‑7), growth/differentiation factor‑5 (GDF‑5) and NEL‑like protein‑1 (NELL‑1), all known growth factors that stimulate bone formation, quantitatively accounted for the majority of the material obtained in all steps of isolation. Thus, cartilage serves as a store for growth factors. During initial bone formation septoclasts release osteoclastogenesis‑stimulating factors deposited in non‑calcified cartilage. Osteoclasts dissolve calcified cartilage and transport the released factors required for the stimulation of osteoprogenitor cells to deposit osteoid. High concentrations of BMP‑7, GDF‑5 and NELL‑1 at the site of initial bone formation may suggest that their synergistic action favours osteogenesis.
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June-2021
Volume 14 Issue 6

Print ISSN: 2049-9434
Online ISSN:2049-9442

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Spandidos Publications style
Iwan A, Moskalewski S and Hyc A: Growth factor profile in calcified cartilage from the metaphysis of a calf costochondral junction, the site of initial bone formation. Biomed Rep 14: 54, 2021
APA
Iwan, A., Moskalewski, S., & Hyc, A. (2021). Growth factor profile in calcified cartilage from the metaphysis of a calf costochondral junction, the site of initial bone formation. Biomedical Reports, 14, 54. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1430
MLA
Iwan, A., Moskalewski, S., Hyc, A."Growth factor profile in calcified cartilage from the metaphysis of a calf costochondral junction, the site of initial bone formation". Biomedical Reports 14.6 (2021): 54.
Chicago
Iwan, A., Moskalewski, S., Hyc, A."Growth factor profile in calcified cartilage from the metaphysis of a calf costochondral junction, the site of initial bone formation". Biomedical Reports 14, no. 6 (2021): 54. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2021.1430