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Article

A novel concept of human antiviral protection: It's all about RNA (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Tamara Aripova
    • Javdat Muratkhodjaev
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    Affiliations: Institute of Immunology and Human Genomics, Academy of Sciences of Uzbekistan, Tashkent 100060, Uzbekistan
  • Article Number: 29
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    Published online on: February 18, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1512
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Abstract

The comparative analysis of the antiviral protective mechanisms, including protozoa and RNA interference in multicellular organisms, has revealed their similarity and provided a basic understanding of adaptive immunity. The present article summarizes the latest studies on RNA‑guided gene regulation in human antiviral protection, and its importance. Additionally, the role of both neutralizing antibodies and the interferon system in viral invasion is considered. The interferon system is an additional mechanism for suppressing viral infections in humans, which shifts cells into an ‘alarm’ mode to attempt to prevent further contagion. The primary task of the human central immune system is to maintain integrity and to protect against foreign organisms. In this review, a novel concept is proposed: Antiviral protection in all organisms can be achieved through an intracellular RNA‑guided mechanism. A simple and effective defence against viruses is incorporation of a part of a virus's DNA (spacer) into the hosts chromosomes. Following reinfection, RNA transcripts of this spacer are created to direct nuclease enzymes to destroy the viral genome. This is an example of real‑time adaptive immunity potentially possessed by every cell with a full complement of chromosomes, and an indicator that antiviral immunity is not only mediated by the presence of neutralizing antibodies and memory B‑ and T‑cells, but also by the presence of specific spacers in the DNA of individuals who have recovered from a viral infection.
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Spandidos Publications style
Aripova T and Muratkhodjaev J: A novel concept of human antiviral protection: It's all about RNA (Review). Biomed Rep 16: 29, 2022.
APA
Aripova, T., & Muratkhodjaev, J. (2022). A novel concept of human antiviral protection: It's all about RNA (Review). Biomedical Reports, 16, 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1512
MLA
Aripova, T., Muratkhodjaev, J."A novel concept of human antiviral protection: It's all about RNA (Review)". Biomedical Reports 16.4 (2022): 29.
Chicago
Aripova, T., Muratkhodjaev, J."A novel concept of human antiviral protection: It's all about RNA (Review)". Biomedical Reports 16, no. 4 (2022): 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1512
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Aripova T and Muratkhodjaev J: A novel concept of human antiviral protection: It's all about RNA (Review). Biomed Rep 16: 29, 2022.
APA
Aripova, T., & Muratkhodjaev, J. (2022). A novel concept of human antiviral protection: It's all about RNA (Review). Biomedical Reports, 16, 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1512
MLA
Aripova, T., Muratkhodjaev, J."A novel concept of human antiviral protection: It's all about RNA (Review)". Biomedical Reports 16.4 (2022): 29.
Chicago
Aripova, T., Muratkhodjaev, J."A novel concept of human antiviral protection: It's all about RNA (Review)". Biomedical Reports 16, no. 4 (2022): 29. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1512
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