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Review

Potential role of β‑carotene‑modulated autophagy in puerperal breast inflammation (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Stella Tinia Hasianna
    • Julia Windi Gunadi
    • Enny Rohmawaty
    • Ronny Lesmana
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Doctoral Program of Medical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia, Department of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Kristen Maranatha, Bandung, West Java 40164, Indonesia, Pharmacology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia, Physiology Division, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Medicine, Universitas Padjadjaran, Sumedang, West Java 45363, Indonesia
  • Article Number: 75
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    Published online on: July 22, 2022
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1558
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Abstract

Puerperal breast inflammation is common in the first 6‑8 weeks postpartum, and without proper management, may lead to a decrease in breastmilk production and early cessation of breastfeeding. Recent studies showed that carotenoids decrease the severity of puerperal breast inflammation. This article summarizes the significant findings on β‑carotene with a potential role as an autophagy modulator in puerperal breast inflammation. Puerperal milk stasis causes an increase in inflammatory cytokines and inflammatory cells, leading to reactive oxygen species (ROS) activation that causes oxidative damage to mammary glands and affects breast milk secretion. β‑carotene has an anti‑inflammatory effect related to its ROS‑scavenging activity and modulates autophagy, thus stimulating the removal of damaged cellular structures and supporting milk gland survival. β‑carotene modulates autophagy through phosphorylation of NF‑κB, JNK, p38, Akt, and Nrf2, affects the ratio of Microtubule‑associated protein 1A/1B‑light chain 3 (LC3)‑II/LC3‑I, and has a role in the regulation of the JAK2/STAT3, PI2K/Akt/mTOR and AMPK pathways. Although the in vitro and in vivo studies showed promising results, further studies on humans are required to better conclude the potential role of β‑carotene in managing puerperal breast inflammation.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Hasianna ST, Gunadi JW, Rohmawaty E and Lesmana R: Potential role of β‑carotene‑modulated autophagy in puerperal breast inflammation (Review). Biomed Rep 17: 75, 2022.
APA
Hasianna, S.T., Gunadi, J.W., Rohmawaty, E., & Lesmana, R. (2022). Potential role of β‑carotene‑modulated autophagy in puerperal breast inflammation (Review). Biomedical Reports, 17, 75. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1558
MLA
Hasianna, S. T., Gunadi, J. W., Rohmawaty, E., Lesmana, R."Potential role of β‑carotene‑modulated autophagy in puerperal breast inflammation (Review)". Biomedical Reports 17.3 (2022): 75.
Chicago
Hasianna, S. T., Gunadi, J. W., Rohmawaty, E., Lesmana, R."Potential role of β‑carotene‑modulated autophagy in puerperal breast inflammation (Review)". Biomedical Reports 17, no. 3 (2022): 75. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1558
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Hasianna ST, Gunadi JW, Rohmawaty E and Lesmana R: Potential role of β‑carotene‑modulated autophagy in puerperal breast inflammation (Review). Biomed Rep 17: 75, 2022.
APA
Hasianna, S.T., Gunadi, J.W., Rohmawaty, E., & Lesmana, R. (2022). Potential role of β‑carotene‑modulated autophagy in puerperal breast inflammation (Review). Biomedical Reports, 17, 75. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1558
MLA
Hasianna, S. T., Gunadi, J. W., Rohmawaty, E., Lesmana, R."Potential role of β‑carotene‑modulated autophagy in puerperal breast inflammation (Review)". Biomedical Reports 17.3 (2022): 75.
Chicago
Hasianna, S. T., Gunadi, J. W., Rohmawaty, E., Lesmana, R."Potential role of β‑carotene‑modulated autophagy in puerperal breast inflammation (Review)". Biomedical Reports 17, no. 3 (2022): 75. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2022.1558
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