Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
June-2023 Volume 18 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2023 Volume 18 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Clinical, microbiological, immunological and hormonal profiles of patients with granulomatous mastitis

  • Authors:
    • Nawzad K. Esmaeil
    • Abdulwahid M. Salih
    • Zuhair D. Hammood
    • Lana R.A. Pshtiwan
    • Ari M. Abdullah
    • Fahmi H. Kakamad
    • Hiwa O. Abdullah
    • Gasha S. Ahmed
    • Berun A. Abdalla
    • Rawezh Q. Salih
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Laboratory Technology, Kalar Technical College, Sulaimani Polytechnic University, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan 46000, Iraq, Department of Scientific Affairs, Smart Health Tower, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan 46000, Iraq, Kscien Organization, Sulaymaniyah, Kurdistan 46000, Iraq
    Copyright: © Esmaeil et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 41
    |
    Published online on: May 18, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1624
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Various studies on the etiology and other aspects of granulomatous mastitis (GM) have been performed; however, a lot of controversies have arisen. The present study aimed to present the clinicopathological findings and identify the sensitivity and resistance of isolated bacteria in patients with GM. In this cross‑sectional study 63 female patients with a confirmed histopathological diagnosis of GM were included. A core needle biopsy was conducted for the patients to obtain a sample for histopathological examination and bacterial culture. In total, 46 types of antibiotics were used to determine the sensitivity and resistance of each isolated bacterial species. All the medical and clinical records of the patients were acquired through the completion of a questionnaire form in person or, if necessary, through the evaluation of their medical records in the database of the relevant center. The majority of the patients were in the premenopausal or perimenopausal period. GM was unilateral in 58.7% of the patients. The most common symptom was pain, followed by fever and chills. The mean ranges of the erythrocyte sedimentation rate, C‑reactive protein, IL‑6, IL‑17, C5a, white blood count, neutrophil‑to‑lymphocyte ratio, and prolactin tests were significantly elevated in comparison to the normal ranges. In total, nine different bacterial species were isolated from the bacterial culture of the core biopsy samples, and 50% of the isolated bacterial species were sensitive to trimethoprim‑sulfamethoxazole. Since there is no consensus on the etiology of GM, any additional studies related to this aspect expand the current understanding of this puzzling condition.
View Figures
View References

1 

Kessler E and Wolloch Y: Granulomatous mastitis: A lesion clinically simulating carcinoma. Am J Clin Pathol. 58:642–646. 1972.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Barreto DS, Sedgwick EL, Nagi CS and Benveniste AP: Granulomatous mastitis: Etiology, imaging, pathology, treatment, and clinical findings. Breast Cancer Res Treat. 171:527–534. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Bayrak BY, Cam I, Eruyar AT and Utkan NZ: Clinicopathological evaluation of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis patients: A retrospective analysis from a tertiary care hospital in Turkey. Ann Diagn Pathol. 55(151812)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Benson JR and Dumitru D: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Presentation, investigation and management. Future Oncol. 12:1381–1394. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Huang YM, Lo C, Cheng CF, Lu CH, Hsieh SC and Li KJ: Serum C-reactive protein and interleukin-6 levels as biomarkers for disease severity and clinical outcomes in patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. J Clin Med. 10(2077)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Altintoprak F, Karakece E, Kivilcim T, Dikicier E, Cakmak G, Celebi F and Ciftci IH: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: An autoimmune disease? ScientificWorldJournal. 2013(148727)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Alsaleh N: Assertive clinical practice in managing patients with idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Review of literature. Ann Med Surg (Lond). 70(102792)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Altieri M, Barra F, Casabona F, Soriero D, Gustavino C and Ferrero S: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Etiopathogenetic considerations on a rare benign inflammatory breast disease. J Invest Surg. 34:998–999. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Aghajanzadeh M, Hassanzadeh R, Alizadeh Sefat S, Alavi A, Hemmati H, Esmaeili Delshad MS, Emir Alavi C, Rimaz S, Geranmayeh S, Najafi Ashtiani M, et al: Granulomatous mastitis: Presentations, diagnosis, treatment and outcome in 206 patients from the north of Iran. Breast. 24:456–460. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Esmaeil NK, Salih AM, Pshtiwan LRA, Muhialdeen AS, Abdullah AM, Hama JI, Hammood ZD, Kakamad FH, Tahir SH, Abdalla BA, et al: Management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A single institution experience. Breast Care. 1–8. 2023.

11 

Larsen LH, Peyvandi B, Klipfel N, Grant E and Iyengar G: Granulomatous lobular mastitis: Imaging, diagnosis, and treatment. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 193:574–581. 2009.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Choi SH, Jang KS and Chung MS: Bilateral granulomatous mastitis with a different etiology. Cancer Biomarkers. 15:333–338. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Yin Y, Liu X, Meng Q, Han X, Zhang H and Lv Y: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Etiology, clinical manifestation, diagnosis and treatment. J Invest Surg. 35:709–720. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Azizi A, Prasath V, Canner J, Gharib M, Sadat Fattahi A, Naser Forghani M, Sajjadi S, Farhadi E, Vasigh M, Kaviani A, et al: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Management and predictors of recurrence in 474 patients. Breast J. 26:1358–1362. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

Kiyak G, Dumlu EG, Kilinc I, Tokaç M, Akbaba S, Gurer A, Ozkardes AB and Kilic M: Management of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Dilemmas in diagnosis and treatment. BMC Surg. 14(66)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Saydam M, Yilmaz KB, Sahin M, Yanik H, Akinci M, Yilmaz I, Balas S, Azili C and Gulcelik MA: New findings on autoimmune etiology of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Serum IL-17, IL-22 and IL-23 levels of patients. J Invest Surg. 34:993–997. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Al-Khaffaf B, Knox F and Bundred NJ: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: A 25-year experience. J Am Coll Surg. 206:269–273. 2008.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Velidedeoglu M, Kilic F, Mete B, Yemisen M, Celik V, Gazioglu E, Ferahman M, Ozaras R, Yilmaz MH and Aydogan F: Bilateral idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Asian J Surg. 39:12–20. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Pak H, Maghsoudi LH, Soltanian A and Jafarinia S: Evaluation of clinical manifestation and risk factors of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Int J of Surg Open. 35(100380)2021.

20 

Gurleyik G, Aktekin A, Aker F, Karagulle H and Saglamc A: Medical and surgical treatment of idiopathic granulomatous lobular mastitis: A benign inflammatory disease mimicking invasive carcinoma. J Breast Cancer. 15:119–123. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Yigitbasi MR, Guntas G, Atak T, Sonmez C, Yalman H and Uzun H: The role of interleukin-33 as an inflammatory marker in differential diagnosis of idiopathic granulomatous mastitis and breast cancer. J Invest Surg. 30:272–276. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Erhan Y, Veral A, Kara E, Ozdemir N, Kapkac M, Ozdedeli E, Yilmaz R, Koyuncu A, Erhan Y and Ozbal O: A clinicopthologic study of a rare clinical entity mimicking breast carcinoma: Idiopathic granulomatous mastitis. Breast. 9:52–56. 2000.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Boutet P, Sulon J, Closset R, Detilleux J, Beckers JF, Bureau F and Lekeux P: Prolactin-induced activation of nuclear factor kappaB in bovine mammary epithelial cells: Role in chronic mastitis. J Dairy Sci. 90:155–164. 2007.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Cserni G and Szajki K: Granulomatous lobular mastitis following drug-induced galactorrhea and blunt trauma. Breast J. 5:398–403. 1999.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Taylor GB, Paviour SD, Musaad S, Jones WO and Holland DJ: A clinicopathological review of 34 cases of inflammatory breast disease showing an association between corynebacteria infection and granulomatous mastitis. Pathology. 35:109–119. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

26 

Kıvılcım T, Altıntoprak F, Memiş B, Ferhatoğlu MF, Kartal A, Dikicier E, Ciftçi İH and Dilek FH: Role of bacteriological agents in idiopathic granulomatous mastitis: Real or not? Eur J Breast Health. 15:32–36. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Williams MS, McClintock AH, Bourassa L and Laya MB: Treatment of granulomatous mastitis: Is there a role for antibiotics? Eur J Breast Health. 17:239–246. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Esmaeil NK, Salih AM, Hammood ZD, Pshtiwan LR, Abdullah AM, Kakamad FH, Abdullah HO, Ahmed GS, Abdalla BA, Salih RQ, Salih RQ, et al: Clinical, microbiological, immunological and hormonal profiles of patients with granulomatous mastitis. Biomed Rep 18: 41, 2023.
APA
Esmaeil, N.K., Salih, A.M., Hammood, Z.D., Pshtiwan, L.R., Abdullah, A.M., Kakamad, F.H. ... Salih, R.Q. (2023). Clinical, microbiological, immunological and hormonal profiles of patients with granulomatous mastitis. Biomedical Reports, 18, 41. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1624
MLA
Esmaeil, N. K., Salih, A. M., Hammood, Z. D., Pshtiwan, L. R., Abdullah, A. M., Kakamad, F. H., Abdullah, H. O., Ahmed, G. S., Abdalla, B. A., Salih, R. Q."Clinical, microbiological, immunological and hormonal profiles of patients with granulomatous mastitis". Biomedical Reports 18.6 (2023): 41.
Chicago
Esmaeil, N. K., Salih, A. M., Hammood, Z. D., Pshtiwan, L. R., Abdullah, A. M., Kakamad, F. H., Abdullah, H. O., Ahmed, G. S., Abdalla, B. A., Salih, R. Q."Clinical, microbiological, immunological and hormonal profiles of patients with granulomatous mastitis". Biomedical Reports 18, no. 6 (2023): 41. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1624
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Esmaeil NK, Salih AM, Hammood ZD, Pshtiwan LR, Abdullah AM, Kakamad FH, Abdullah HO, Ahmed GS, Abdalla BA, Salih RQ, Salih RQ, et al: Clinical, microbiological, immunological and hormonal profiles of patients with granulomatous mastitis. Biomed Rep 18: 41, 2023.
APA
Esmaeil, N.K., Salih, A.M., Hammood, Z.D., Pshtiwan, L.R., Abdullah, A.M., Kakamad, F.H. ... Salih, R.Q. (2023). Clinical, microbiological, immunological and hormonal profiles of patients with granulomatous mastitis. Biomedical Reports, 18, 41. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1624
MLA
Esmaeil, N. K., Salih, A. M., Hammood, Z. D., Pshtiwan, L. R., Abdullah, A. M., Kakamad, F. H., Abdullah, H. O., Ahmed, G. S., Abdalla, B. A., Salih, R. Q."Clinical, microbiological, immunological and hormonal profiles of patients with granulomatous mastitis". Biomedical Reports 18.6 (2023): 41.
Chicago
Esmaeil, N. K., Salih, A. M., Hammood, Z. D., Pshtiwan, L. R., Abdullah, A. M., Kakamad, F. H., Abdullah, H. O., Ahmed, G. S., Abdalla, B. A., Salih, R. Q."Clinical, microbiological, immunological and hormonal profiles of patients with granulomatous mastitis". Biomedical Reports 18, no. 6 (2023): 41. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1624
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team