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Toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesized using papaya extract in zebrafish

  • Authors:
    • Nabilla Ghina Zavitri
    • Alia Putri Syahbaniati
    • Rahmi Kharisma Primastuti
    • Rindia M Putri
    • Sophi Damayanti
    • Indra Wibowo
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biotechnology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia, Department of Biology, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia, Biochemistry Division, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia, Department of Pharmacochemistry, School of Pharmacy, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia, Physiology, Animal Development and Biomedical Science Research Group, School of Life Sciences and Technology, Institut Teknologi Bandung, Bandung 40132, Indonesia
    Copyright: © Zavitri et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 96
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    Published online on: October 17, 2023
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1678
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Abstract

In green synthesis of zinc oxide nanoparticles (ZnO NPs), the use of papaya extract as a capping and reducing agent shows promise for potential applications of these particles in biomedicine. However, toxicity evaluation is necessary to ensure the safety of humans and the environment. The zebrafish model is used to assess toxicity with embryo developmental observation as it is a rapid, simple method for screening of toxicity. The objective of the present study was to assess the toxicological characteristics of ZnO NPs produced from papaya extract using a zebrafish model. The preparation of plant extracts from papaya using two solvents (water and methanol) and characterization of bioactive compounds in the extracts were reported. ZnO NPs were synthesized from both plant extracts and characterized with scanning electron microscopy, X‑ray diffraction and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. Toxicity evaluation was conducted on zebrafish embryos for 96 h. ZnO NPs synthesized from aqueous and methanol extracts had mean crystallite diameters of 13 and 12 nm, respectively. Mortality, hatching rate and malformation of zebrafish embryos were assessed at different concentrations of ZnO NPs. Both NPs showed high mortality rates at high concentrations, with 100 (aqueous) and 20 mg/l (methanol extract) being lethal for all embryos. Concentrations <10 mg/l for both synthesized ZnO NPs had similar results to the negative control, indicating a safe dosage for embryos. The hatching rate and malformation were also affected, with higher concentrations of NPs causing a delayed hatching rate and malformation in pericardial and yolk sac edema. Whole embryo mRNA expression of immune‑associated genes, including IL‑1 and ‑10 and TNF‑α, was upregulated following lethal concentration 50 (LC50) ZnO NP exposure. ZnO NPs synthesized from papaya extract (both in aqueous and methanol environments) had a dose‑ and time‑dependent embryonic toxicity effect. Hence, the present study demonstrated initial toxicity screening of ZnO NPs synthesized from plant extract.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zavitri NG, Syahbaniati AP, Primastuti RK, Putri RM, Damayanti S and Wibowo I: Toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesized using papaya extract in zebrafish. Biomed Rep 19: 96, 2023.
APA
Zavitri, N.G., Syahbaniati, A.P., Primastuti, R.K., Putri, R.M., Damayanti, S., & Wibowo, I. (2023). Toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesized using papaya extract in zebrafish. Biomedical Reports, 19, 96. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1678
MLA
Zavitri, N. G., Syahbaniati, A. P., Primastuti, R. K., Putri, R. M., Damayanti, S., Wibowo, I."Toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesized using papaya extract in zebrafish". Biomedical Reports 19.6 (2023): 96.
Chicago
Zavitri, N. G., Syahbaniati, A. P., Primastuti, R. K., Putri, R. M., Damayanti, S., Wibowo, I."Toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesized using papaya extract in zebrafish". Biomedical Reports 19, no. 6 (2023): 96. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1678
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Zavitri NG, Syahbaniati AP, Primastuti RK, Putri RM, Damayanti S and Wibowo I: Toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesized using papaya extract in zebrafish. Biomed Rep 19: 96, 2023.
APA
Zavitri, N.G., Syahbaniati, A.P., Primastuti, R.K., Putri, R.M., Damayanti, S., & Wibowo, I. (2023). Toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesized using papaya extract in zebrafish. Biomedical Reports, 19, 96. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1678
MLA
Zavitri, N. G., Syahbaniati, A. P., Primastuti, R. K., Putri, R. M., Damayanti, S., Wibowo, I."Toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesized using papaya extract in zebrafish". Biomedical Reports 19.6 (2023): 96.
Chicago
Zavitri, N. G., Syahbaniati, A. P., Primastuti, R. K., Putri, R. M., Damayanti, S., Wibowo, I."Toxicity evaluation of zinc oxide nanoparticles green synthesized using papaya extract in zebrafish". Biomedical Reports 19, no. 6 (2023): 96. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2023.1678
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