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Review Open Access

Role of PIGM and PIGX in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and human health (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Ángeles Torres-Valdetano
    • Verónica Vallejo-Ruiz
    • Lorena Milflores-Flores
    • Patricia Martínez-Morales
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    Affiliations: Faculty of Biological Science, Building BIO 1 University City, Autonomous University of Puebla, Puebla 72570, Mexico, Mexican Social Security Institute, East Biomedical Research Center, Puebla 74360, Mexico, National Council of Humanities, Sciences and Technologies, East Biomedical Research Center, Puebla 74360, Mexico
    Copyright: © Torres-Valdetano et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 57
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    Published online on: February 5, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1746
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Abstract

Glycosylphosphatidylinositol‑glycan (GPI) is an anchor to specific cell surface proteins known as GPI‑anchored proteins (APs) that are localized in lipid rafts and may act as cell co‑receptors, enzymes and adhesion molecules. The present review investigated the significance of GPI biosynthesis class phosphatidylinositol‑glycan (PIG)M and PIGX in GPI synthesis and their implications in human health conditions. PIGM encodes GPI‑mannosyltransferase I (MT‑I) enzyme that adds the first mannose to the GPI core structure. PIGX encodes the regulatory subunit of GPI‑MT‑I. The present review summarizes characteristics of the coding sequences of PIGM and PIGX, and their expression in humans, as well as the relevance of GPI‑MT‑I and the regulatory subunit in maintaining the presence of GPI‑APs on the cell surface and their secretion. In addition, the association of PIGM mutations with paroxysmal nocturnal hemoglobinuria and certain types of GPI‑deficiency disease and the altered expression of PIGM and PIGX in cancer were also reviewed. In addition, their interaction with other proteins was described, suggesting a complex role in cell biology. PIGM and PIGX are critical genes for GPI synthesis. Understanding gene and protein regulation may provide valuable insights into the role of GPI‑APs in cellular processes.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Torres-Valdetano Á, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Milflores-Flores L and Martínez-Morales P: Role of <em>PIGM</em> and <em>PIGX</em> in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and human health (Review). Biomed Rep 20: 57, 2024.
APA
Torres-Valdetano, Á., Vallejo-Ruiz, V., Milflores-Flores, L., & Martínez-Morales, P. (2024). Role of <em>PIGM</em> and <em>PIGX</em> in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and human health (Review). Biomedical Reports, 20, 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1746
MLA
Torres-Valdetano, Á., Vallejo-Ruiz, V., Milflores-Flores, L., Martínez-Morales, P."Role of <em>PIGM</em> and <em>PIGX</em> in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and human health (Review)". Biomedical Reports 20.4 (2024): 57.
Chicago
Torres-Valdetano, Á., Vallejo-Ruiz, V., Milflores-Flores, L., Martínez-Morales, P."Role of <em>PIGM</em> and <em>PIGX</em> in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and human health (Review)". Biomedical Reports 20, no. 4 (2024): 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1746
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Torres-Valdetano Á, Vallejo-Ruiz V, Milflores-Flores L and Martínez-Morales P: Role of <em>PIGM</em> and <em>PIGX</em> in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and human health (Review). Biomed Rep 20: 57, 2024.
APA
Torres-Valdetano, Á., Vallejo-Ruiz, V., Milflores-Flores, L., & Martínez-Morales, P. (2024). Role of <em>PIGM</em> and <em>PIGX</em> in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and human health (Review). Biomedical Reports, 20, 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1746
MLA
Torres-Valdetano, Á., Vallejo-Ruiz, V., Milflores-Flores, L., Martínez-Morales, P."Role of <em>PIGM</em> and <em>PIGX</em> in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and human health (Review)". Biomedical Reports 20.4 (2024): 57.
Chicago
Torres-Valdetano, Á., Vallejo-Ruiz, V., Milflores-Flores, L., Martínez-Morales, P."Role of <em>PIGM</em> and <em>PIGX</em> in glycosylphosphatidylinositol biosynthesis and human health (Review)". Biomedical Reports 20, no. 4 (2024): 57. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1746
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