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Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms for alleviating OSA: Adenosine A2A receptor downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF‑1 pathway (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Nini Ma
    • Peijie Liu
    • Ning Li
    • Yushi Hu
    • Liang Kang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: School of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 641418, P.R. China, Institute of Sports Medicine and Health, Chengdu Sport University, Chengdu, Sichuan 641418, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Ma et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 21
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    Published online on: November 28, 2024
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1899
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Abstract

Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is the most common type of sleep apnea, which leads to episodes of intermittent hypoxia due to obstruction of the upper airway. A key feature of OSA is the upregulation and stabilization of hypoxia‑inducible factor 1 (HIF‑1), a crucial metabolic regulator that facilitates rapid adaptation to changes in oxygen availability. Adenosine A2A receptor (A2AR), a major adenosine receptor, regulates HIF‑1 under hypoxic conditions, exerting anti‑inflammatory properties and affecting lipid metabolism. The present study explored the roles of A2AR in OSA regulation, specifically focusing on its effects via the PI3K/Akt/HIF‑1 pathway. The findings enhance our understanding the pharmacological potential of A2AR in OSA management and suggest future research directions in exploring its clinical applications.
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Ma N, Liu P, Li N, Hu Y and Kang L: Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms for alleviating OSA: Adenosine A2A receptor downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF‑1 pathway (Review). Biomed Rep 22: 21, 2025.
APA
Ma, N., Liu, P., Li, N., Hu, Y., & Kang, L. (2025). Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms for alleviating OSA: Adenosine A2A receptor downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF‑1 pathway (Review). Biomedical Reports, 22, 21. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1899
MLA
Ma, N., Liu, P., Li, N., Hu, Y., Kang, L."Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms for alleviating OSA: Adenosine A2A receptor downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF‑1 pathway (Review)". Biomedical Reports 22.2 (2025): 21.
Chicago
Ma, N., Liu, P., Li, N., Hu, Y., Kang, L."Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms for alleviating OSA: Adenosine A2A receptor downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF‑1 pathway (Review)". Biomedical Reports 22, no. 2 (2025): 21. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1899
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ma N, Liu P, Li N, Hu Y and Kang L: Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms for alleviating OSA: Adenosine A2A receptor downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF‑1 pathway (Review). Biomed Rep 22: 21, 2025.
APA
Ma, N., Liu, P., Li, N., Hu, Y., & Kang, L. (2025). Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms for alleviating OSA: Adenosine A2A receptor downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF‑1 pathway (Review). Biomedical Reports, 22, 21. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1899
MLA
Ma, N., Liu, P., Li, N., Hu, Y., Kang, L."Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms for alleviating OSA: Adenosine A2A receptor downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF‑1 pathway (Review)". Biomedical Reports 22.2 (2025): 21.
Chicago
Ma, N., Liu, P., Li, N., Hu, Y., Kang, L."Exploring the pharmacological mechanisms for alleviating OSA: Adenosine A2A receptor downregulation of the PI3K/Akt/HIF‑1 pathway (Review)". Biomedical Reports 22, no. 2 (2025): 21. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2024.1899
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