Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
April-2025 Volume 22 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2025 Volume 22 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

MDM2 inhibitors induce apoptosis by suppressing MDM2 and enhancing p53, Bax, Puma and Noxa expression levels in imatinib‑resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells

  • Authors:
    • Akihiro Kimura
    • Masanobu Tsubaki
    • Teruki Obana
    • Taira Matsuo
    • Rie Komori
    • Noriaki Nagai
    • Tetsushi Yamamoto
    • Shozo Nishida
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Pharmacy, Kindai University, Higashi‑Osaka, Osaka 577‑8502, Japan, Laboratory of Pharmacotherapy, Kagawa School of Pharmaceutical Sciences, Tokushima Bunri University, Sanuki, Kagawa 769‑2193, Japan
    Copyright: © Kimura et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 65
    |
    Published online on: February 12, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.1943
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Activation of BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase is the main pathogenic mechanism underlying chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) in 90% of affected patients. The prognosis for individuals with CML who receive treatment with BCR::ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs) such as imatinib, is promising, with a 5‑year survival rate of >90%. However, unfortunately, 20‑30% of patients who are treated with imatinib may become resistant to the BCR::ABL1 TKIs. The objective of the present study was to determine whether inhibitors of E3 ubiquitin‑protein ligase Mdm2 (MDM2), a regulator of p53 that promotes apoptosis and is highly expressed in CML, could induce cell death in imatinib‑resistant CML cells. Apoptosis and cell viability were evaluated using Annexin‑V‑positive cell count and caspase‑3 activity, as well as trypan blue dye exclusion assay. Expression levels of MDM2, p53, Bax, Puma, Noxa, p21, and cleaved caspase‑3 were determined via western blotting. MDM2 levels in both the cytoplasm and nucleus were found to be ~3‑fold higher in K562/IR cells compared with K562 cells, while the levels of p53 in both cell structures were markedly lower. In addition, an examination of a publicly accessible database revealed that the levels of MDM2 were evidently greater in patients who did not respond to imatinib compared with those who did respond to the drug. NSC‑66811 and Nutlin‑3, MDM2 inhibitors, increased the percentage of Annexin‑positive cells in K562/IR cells by 43 and 62% at concentrations of 10 and 25 µM, respectively. Furthermore, the MDM2 inhibitors increased the levels of Bax, Puma, Noxa, and p21 by increasing the expression of p53 and decreasing the expression of MDM2 in K562/IR cells. Additionally, pifithrin‑α, a p53 inhibitor, suppressed MDM2 inhibitor‑induced cell death in K562/IR cells. Overall, the findings of the present study highlight the therapeutic potential of MDM2 inhibitors for imatinib‑resistant CML.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Romero-Morelos P, González-Yebra AL, Muñoz-López D, Lara-Lona E and González-Yebra B: Frequencies of BCR::ABL1 transcripts in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: A meta-analysis. Genes (Basel). 15(232)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Sun J, Hu R, Han M, Tan Y, Xie M, Gao S and Hu JF: Mechanisms underlying therapeutic resistance of tyrosine kinase inhibitors in chronic myeloid leukemia. Int J Biol Sci. 20:175–181. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Held N and Atallah EL: Real-world management of CML: Outcomes and treatment patterns. Curr Hematol Malig Rep. 18:167–175. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Marzocchi G, Castagnetti F, Luatti S, Baldazzi C, Stacchini M, Gugliotta G, Amabile M, Specchia G, Sessarego M, Giussani U, et al: Variant Philadelphia translocations: Molecular-cytogenetic characterization and prognostic influence on frontline imatinib therapy, a GIMEMA working party on CML analysis. Blood. 117:6793–6800. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

El-Tanani M, Nsairat H, Matalka II, Lee YF, Rizzo M, Aljabali AA, Mishra V, Mishra Y, Hromić-Jahjefendić A and Tambuwala MM: The impact of the BCR-ABL oncogene in the pathology and treatment of chronic myeloid leukemia. Pathol Res Pract. 254(155161)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Kantarjian HM, Jain N, Garcia-Manero G, Welch MA, Ravandi F, Wierda WG and Jabbour EJ: The cure of leukemia through the optimist's prism. Cancer. 128:240–259. 2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Hochhaus A, Baccarani M, Silver RT, Schiffer C, Apperley JF, Cervantes F, Clark RE, Cortes JE, Deininger MW, Guilhot F, et al: European LeukemiaNet 2020 recommendations for treating chronic myeloid leukemia. Leukemia. 34:966–984. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Poudel G, Tolland MG, Hughes TP and Pagani IS: Mechanisms of resistance and implications for treatment strategies in chronic myeloid leukaemia. Cancers (Basel). 14(3300)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Koumoto Y, Usami T, Matsuda T, Seki S, Sakai K, Nishio K and Nishida S: Activation of ERK1/2 by MOS and TPL2 leads to dasatinib resistance in chronic myeloid leukaemia cells. Cell Prolif. 56(e13420)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Kino T, Sakai K, Itoh T, Imano M, Nakayama T, Nishio K, Satou T and Nishida S: Contributions of MET activation to BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor resistance in chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Oncotarget. 8:38717–38730. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Tuval A, Strandgren C, Heldin A, Palomar-Siles M and Wiman KG: Pharmacological reactivation of p53 in the era of precision anticancer medicine. Nat Rev Clin Oncol. 21:106–120. 2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Scott MT, Liu W, Mitchell R, Clarke CJ, Kinstrie R, Warren F, Almasoudi H, Stevens T, Dunn K, Pritchard J, et al: Activating p53 abolishes self-renewal of quiescent leukaemic stem cells in residual CML disease. Nat Commun. 15(651)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Trotta R, Vignudelli T, Candini O, Intine RV, Pecorari L, Guerzoni C, Santilli G, Byrom MW, Goldoni S, Ford LP, et al: BCR/ABL activates mdm2 mRNA translation via the La antigen. Cancer Cell. 3:145–160. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Carter BZ, Mak PY, Mak DH, Ruvolo VR, Schober W, McQueen T, Cortes J, Kantarjian HM, Champlin RE, Konopleva M and Andreeff M: Synergistic effects of p53 activation via MDM2 inhibition in combination with inhibition of Bcl-2 or Bcr-Abl in CD34+ proliferating and quiescent chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis cells. Oncotarget. 6:30487–30499. 2015.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

You L, Liu H, Huang J, Xie W, Wei J, Ye X and Qian W: The novel anticancer agent JNJ-26854165 is active in chronic myeloid leukemic cells with unmutated BCR/ABL and T315I mutant BCR/ABL through promoting proteosomal degradation of BCR/ABL proteins. Oncotarget. 8:7777–7790. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Noguchi M, Jinushi M, Seki S, Morii Y, Shimomura K, Imano M, Satou T and Nishida S: Overactivation of Akt contributes to MEK inhibitor primary and acquired resistance in colorectal cancer cells. Cancers (Basel). 11(1866)2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Tomonari Y, Koumoto YI, Imano M, Satou T and Nishida S: Overexpression of HIF-1α contributes to melphalan resistance in multiple myeloma cells by activation of ERK1/2, Akt, and NF-κB. Lab Invest. 99:72–84. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Morii Y, Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Otubo R, Seki S, Yamatomo Y, Imano M, Satou T, Shimomura K and Nishida S: Perifosine enhances the potential antitumor effect of 5-fluorourasil and oxaliplatin in colon cancer cells harboring the PIK3CA mutation. Eur J Pharmacol. 898(173957)2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

McWeeney SK, Pemberton LC, Loriaux MM, Vartanian K, Willis SG, Yochum G, Wilmot B, Turpaz Y, Pillai R, Druker BJ, et al: A gene expression signature of CD34+ cells to predict major cytogenetic response in chronic-phase chronic myeloid leukemia patients treated with imatinib. Blood. 115:315–325. 2010.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Silveira RA, Fachel AA, Moreira YB, De Souza CA, Costa FF, Verjovski-Almeida S and Pagnano KBB: Protein-coding genes and long noncoding RNAs are differentially expressed in dasatinib-treated chronic myeloid leukemia patients with resistance to imatinib. Hematology. 19:31–41. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Hao Q, Chen J, Lu H and Zhou X: The ARTS of p53-dependent mitochondrial apoptosis. J Mol Cell Biol. 14(mjac074)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Aravindhan S, Younus LA, Hadi Lafta M, Markov A, Ivanovna Enina Y, Yushchenkо NA, Thangavelu L, Mostafavi SM, Pokrovskii MV and Ahmadi M: P53 long noncoding RNA regulatory network in cancer development. Cell Biol Int. 45:1583–1598. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Liu YC, Hsiao HH, Yang WC, Liu TC, Chang CS, Yang MY, Lin PM, Hsu JF, Lee CP and Lin SF: MDM2 promoter polymorphism and p53 codon 72 polymorphism in chronic myeloid leukemia: The association between MDM2 promoter genotype and disease susceptibility, age of onset, and blast-free survival in chronic phase patients receiving imatinib. Mol Carcinog. 53:951–959. 2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

24 

Wendel HG, de Stanchina E, Cepero E, Ray S, Emig M, Fridman JS, Veach DR, Bornmann WG, Clarkson B, McCombie WR, et al: Loss of p53 impedes the antileukemic response to BCR-ABL inhibition. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 103:7444–7449. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Cheng Y, Hao Y, Zhang A, Hu C, Jiang X, Wu Q and Xu X: Persistent STAT5-mediated ROS production and involvement of aberrant p53 apoptotic signaling in the resistance of chronic myeloid leukemia to imatinib. Int J Mol Med. 41:455–463. 2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

26 

Ding J, Romani J, Zaborski M, MacLeod RA, Nagel S, Drexler HG and Quentmeier H: Inhibition of PI3K/mTOR overcomes nilotinib resistance in BCR-ABL1 positive leukemia cells through translational down-regulation of MDM2. PLoS One. 8(e83510)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

27 

Peterson LF, Mitrikeska E, Giannola D, Lui Y, Sun H, Bixby D, Malek SN, Donato NJ, Wang S and Talpaz M: p53 stabilization induces apoptosis in chronic myeloid leukemia blast crisis cells. Leukemia. 25:761–769. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Adnan Awad S, Dufva O, Klievink J, Karjalainen E, Ianevski A, Pietarinen P, Kim D, Potdar S, Wolf M, Lotfi K, et al: Integrated drug profiling and CRISPR screening identify BCR::ABL1-independent vulnerabilities in chronic myeloid leukemia. Cell Rep Med. 5(101521)2024.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Al-Kuraishy HM, Al-Gareeb AI and Al-Buhadilly AK: p53 gene (NY-CO-13) levels in patients with chronic myeloid leukemia: The role of imatinib and nilotinib. Diseases. 6(13)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Zhao D and Liu T: The relationship between MDM2 T309G polymorphism and leukemia in the Chinese population: Evidence from a meta-analysis. Clin Lab. 63:1639–1645. 2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

31 

Burgess A, Chia KM, Haupt S, Thomas D, Haupt Y and Lim E: Clinical overview of MDM2/X-targeted therapies. Front Oncol. 6(7)2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

32 

Law JC, Ritke MK, Yalowich JC, Leder GH and Ferrell RE: Mutational inactivation of the p53 gene in the human erythroid leukemic K562 cell line. Leuk Res. 17:1045–1050. 1993.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Usuda J, Inomata M, Fukumoto H, Iwamoto Y, Suzuki T, Kuh HJ, Fukuoka K, Kato H, Saijo N and Nishio K: Restoration of p53 gene function in 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbor 13-acetate-resistant human leukemia K562/TPA cells. Int J Oncol. 22:81–86. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

34 

Ray-Coquard I, Blay JY, Italiano A, Le Cesne A, Penel N, Zhi J, Heil F, Rueger R, Graves B, Ding M, et al: Effect of the MDM2 antagonist RG7112 on the P53 pathway in patients with MDM2-amplified, well-differentiated or dedifferentiated liposarcoma: An exploratory proof-of-mechanism study. Lancet Oncol. 13:1133–1140. 2012.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

35 

Brennan RC, Federico S, Bradley C, Zhang J, Flores-Otero J, Wilson M, Stewart C, Zhu F, Guy K and Dyer MA: Targeting the p53 pathway in retinoblastoma with subconjunctival Nutlin-3a. Cancer Res. 71:4205–4213. 2011.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

36 

Tsubaki M, Takeda T, Matsuda T, Kimura A, Tanaka R, Nagayoshi S, Hoshida T, Tanabe K and Nishida S: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1α inhibitor induces cell death via suppression of BCR-ABL1 and Met expression in BCR-ABL1 tyrosine kinase inhibitor sensitive and resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. BMB Rep. 56:78–83. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kimura A, Tsubaki M, Obana T, Matsuo T, Komori R, Nagai N, Yamamoto T and Nishida S: MDM2 inhibitors induce apoptosis by suppressing MDM2 and enhancing p53, Bax, Puma and Noxa expression levels in imatinib‑resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Biomed Rep 22: 65, 2025.
APA
Kimura, A., Tsubaki, M., Obana, T., Matsuo, T., Komori, R., Nagai, N. ... Nishida, S. (2025). MDM2 inhibitors induce apoptosis by suppressing MDM2 and enhancing p53, Bax, Puma and Noxa expression levels in imatinib‑resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Biomedical Reports, 22, 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.1943
MLA
Kimura, A., Tsubaki, M., Obana, T., Matsuo, T., Komori, R., Nagai, N., Yamamoto, T., Nishida, S."MDM2 inhibitors induce apoptosis by suppressing MDM2 and enhancing p53, Bax, Puma and Noxa expression levels in imatinib‑resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells". Biomedical Reports 22.4 (2025): 65.
Chicago
Kimura, A., Tsubaki, M., Obana, T., Matsuo, T., Komori, R., Nagai, N., Yamamoto, T., Nishida, S."MDM2 inhibitors induce apoptosis by suppressing MDM2 and enhancing p53, Bax, Puma and Noxa expression levels in imatinib‑resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells". Biomedical Reports 22, no. 4 (2025): 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.1943
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kimura A, Tsubaki M, Obana T, Matsuo T, Komori R, Nagai N, Yamamoto T and Nishida S: MDM2 inhibitors induce apoptosis by suppressing MDM2 and enhancing p53, Bax, Puma and Noxa expression levels in imatinib‑resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Biomed Rep 22: 65, 2025.
APA
Kimura, A., Tsubaki, M., Obana, T., Matsuo, T., Komori, R., Nagai, N. ... Nishida, S. (2025). MDM2 inhibitors induce apoptosis by suppressing MDM2 and enhancing p53, Bax, Puma and Noxa expression levels in imatinib‑resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells. Biomedical Reports, 22, 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.1943
MLA
Kimura, A., Tsubaki, M., Obana, T., Matsuo, T., Komori, R., Nagai, N., Yamamoto, T., Nishida, S."MDM2 inhibitors induce apoptosis by suppressing MDM2 and enhancing p53, Bax, Puma and Noxa expression levels in imatinib‑resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells". Biomedical Reports 22.4 (2025): 65.
Chicago
Kimura, A., Tsubaki, M., Obana, T., Matsuo, T., Komori, R., Nagai, N., Yamamoto, T., Nishida, S."MDM2 inhibitors induce apoptosis by suppressing MDM2 and enhancing p53, Bax, Puma and Noxa expression levels in imatinib‑resistant chronic myeloid leukemia cells". Biomedical Reports 22, no. 4 (2025): 65. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.1943
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team