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 Protective effect of scutellarin on myocardial cells treated with high glucose

  • Authors:
    • Xiaojuan Wei
    • Zhigang Li
    • Shude Li
    • Jun Yang
    • Biao Fan
    • Shuiwang He
    • Siman Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medicine, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China, Department of Oncology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650032, P.R. China, Laboratory of Cell and Molecular Biology, Basic Medicine Experimental Teaching Center, Faculty of Basic Medical Sciences, Kunming Medical University, Kunming, Yunnan 650500, P.R. China, Kunming Institute of Zoology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming, Yunnan 650201, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Wei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 143
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    Published online on: June 19, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2021
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Abstract

Diabetic cardiomyopathy (DCM) is an important cause of death in patients with diabetes. DCM can be simulated by cardiomyocyte injury induced by high glucose (HG) in vitro. Scutellarin (Scu) is a flavonoid extracted from Erigeron breviscapus. The H9c2 cell line was used as an in vitro model in the present study to investigate the mechanism by which Scu reduces HG‑induced cardiomyocyte injury. Moreover, the present study aimed to provide scientific evidence on the mechanism by which Scu prevents DCM. The following groups were used: Control, model, Scu (50/100/200/400 µM) and curcumin. Following H9c2 cell adherence, the control and model groups were treated with normal medium; the Scu group cells were treated with different concentrations of Scu, whereas the curcumin group cells were treated with 4 µM curcumin for 4 h. Subsequently, the normal group was cultured in normal medium, and the other groups were treated with medium containing 100 mM HG for 48 h. The results indicated that Scu improved the morphology of H9c2 cells treated by HG, enhanced cell proliferative activity, reduced the production of reactive oxygen species and the induction of apoptosis. Moreover, Scu promoted the expression of Bcl‑2 and inhibited the expression levels of caspase‑3, cleaved caspase‑3, caspase‑9, cleaved caspase‑9, caspase‑12, Bax, NADPH oxidase (Nox)2 and Nox4. The findings indicated that Scu could inhibit oxidative stress and reduce the induction of apoptosis in cardiomyocytes, thereby alleviating HG‑induced myocardial injury.
View Figures

Figure 1

Scu alleviates H9c2 cell injury
induced by HG. (A) The effect of Scu on the morphology of H9c2
cells induced by HG (magnification, x40). (B) The effect of Scu on
the proliferative activity of H9c2 cells induced by HG. (C) The
effect of Scu on the apoptotic rate of H9c2 cells induced by HG;
the histogram indicates the proportion of apoptotic and necrotic
cells in the Q2 + Q3 region of the quadrant diagram. (D) The effect
of Scu on the levels of ROS in H9c2 cells induced by HG; the
histogram compares the average fluorescence intensity of each
group. The values displayed represent the mean ± standard error of
the mean derived from data collected in three independent
experiments. ##P<0.01 compared with the control
group; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared
with the model group. Scu, scutellarin; HG, high glucose; ROS,
reactive oxygen species; ns, not significant.

Figure 2

Protein expression levels of
apoptosis-related factors determined by western blotting. The
protein expression levels of caspase-3, cleaved caspase-3,
caspase-9, cleaved caspase-9, caspase-12, Nox2 and Nox4 in H9c2
cells were determined by western blotting. The values displayed
represent the mean±standard error of the mean derived from data
collected in three independent experiments. ##P<0.01
compared with the control group; *P<0.05 and
**P<0.01 compared with the model group. Nox, NADPH
oxidase; Scu, scutellarin.

Figure 3

Protein expression levels of
caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 determined by immunofluorescence.
The protein expression levels of caspase-3 and cleaved caspase-3 in
H9c2 cells were determined by immunofluorescence (magnification,
x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The values displayed represent the mean ±
standard error of the mean derived from data collected in three
independent experiments. ##P<0.01 compared with the
control group; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01
compared with the model group. Scu, scutellarin; IOD, integrated
optical density.

Figure 4

Protein expression levels of
caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-9 determined by immunofluorescence.
The protein expression levels of caspase-9 and cleaved caspase-9 in
H9c2 cells were determined by immunofluorescence (magnification,
x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The values displayed represent the mean ±
standard error of the mean derived from data collected in three
independent experiments. ##P<0.01 compared with the
control group; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01
compared with the model group. Scu, scutellarin; IOD, integrated
optical density; ns, not significant.

Figure 5

Protein expression levels of
caspase-12 determined by immunofluorescence. The protein expression
levels of caspase-12 in H9c2 cells were determined by
immunofluorescence (magnification, x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The
values displayed represent the mean±standard error of the mean
derived from data collected in three independent experiments.
##P<0.01 compared with the control group;
*P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with the
model group. Scu, scutellarin; IOD, integrated optical density; ns,
not significant.

Figure 6

Protein expression levels of Bcl-2
and Bax determined by immunofluorescence. The protein expression
levels of Bcl-2 and Bax in H9c2 cells were determined by
immunofluorescence (magnification, x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The
values displayed represent the mean±standard error of the mean
derived from data collected in three independent experiments.
##P<0.01 compared with the control group;
*P<0.05 and **P<0.01 compared with the
model group. Scu, scutellarin; IOD, integrated optical density.

Figure 7

Protein expression levels of Nox2 and
Nox4 determined by immunofluorescence. The protein expression
levels of Nox2 and Nox4 in H9c2 cells were determined by
immunofluorescence (magnification, x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The
values displayed represent the mean±standard error of the mean
derived from data collected in three independent experiments.
##P<0.01 compared with the control group;
**P<0.01 compared with the model group. Nox, NADPH
oxidase; Scu, scutellarin; IOD, integrated optical density; ns, not
significant.

Figure 8

APX-115 free base can alleviate H9c2
cell injury induced by HG. (A) The effect of APX-115 free base on
the morphology of H9c2 cells induced by HG (magnification, x40).
(B) The effect of APX-115 free base on the proliferative activity
of H9c2 cells induced by HG. (C) The effect of APX-115 free base on
ROS levels in H9c2 cells induced by HG; the histogram compares the
average fluorescence intensity of each group. The values displayed
represent the mean ± standard error of the mean derived from data
collected in three independent experiments. #P<0.05
and ##P<0.01 compared with the control group. HG,
high glucose; ROS, reactive oxygen species; ns, not
significant.

Figure 9

APX-115 free base inhibits Nox
overexpression. (A) The protein expression levels of Nox2 and Nox4
were determined in H9c2 cells by western blotting. (B) The protein
expression levels of Nox2 and Nox4 in H9c2 cells were determined by
immunofluorescence (magnification, x400; scale bar, 20 µm). The
values displayed represent the mean ± standard error of the mean
derived from data collected in three independent experiments.
#P<0.05 and ##P<0.01 compared with the
control group; *P<0.05 and **P<0.01
compared with the HG group. Nox, NADPH oxidase; HG, high glucose;
IOD, integrated optical density.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wei X, Li Z, Li S, Yang J, Fan B, He S and Li S: &nbsp;Protective effect of scutellarin on myocardial cells treated with high glucose. Biomed Rep 23: 143, 2025.
APA
Wei, X., Li, Z., Li, S., Yang, J., Fan, B., He, S., & Li, S. (2025). &nbsp;Protective effect of scutellarin on myocardial cells treated with high glucose. Biomedical Reports, 23, 143. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2021
MLA
Wei, X., Li, Z., Li, S., Yang, J., Fan, B., He, S., Li, S."&nbsp;Protective effect of scutellarin on myocardial cells treated with high glucose". Biomedical Reports 23.3 (2025): 143.
Chicago
Wei, X., Li, Z., Li, S., Yang, J., Fan, B., He, S., Li, S."&nbsp;Protective effect of scutellarin on myocardial cells treated with high glucose". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 3 (2025): 143. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2021
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Wei X, Li Z, Li S, Yang J, Fan B, He S and Li S: &nbsp;Protective effect of scutellarin on myocardial cells treated with high glucose. Biomed Rep 23: 143, 2025.
APA
Wei, X., Li, Z., Li, S., Yang, J., Fan, B., He, S., & Li, S. (2025). &nbsp;Protective effect of scutellarin on myocardial cells treated with high glucose. Biomedical Reports, 23, 143. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2021
MLA
Wei, X., Li, Z., Li, S., Yang, J., Fan, B., He, S., Li, S."&nbsp;Protective effect of scutellarin on myocardial cells treated with high glucose". Biomedical Reports 23.3 (2025): 143.
Chicago
Wei, X., Li, Z., Li, S., Yang, J., Fan, B., He, S., Li, S."&nbsp;Protective effect of scutellarin on myocardial cells treated with high glucose". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 3 (2025): 143. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2021
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