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Article Open Access

CRY2 (rs11605924) and G6PC2 (rs560887) single nucleotide polymorphisms increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • Authors:
    • Elvis Ngwa Ndonwi
    • Don Makwakiwe Matshazi
    • Glenda Mary Davison
    • Rajiv Timothy Erasmus
    • Andre Pascal Kengne
    • Tandi Edith Matsha
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: South African Medical Research Council/Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Cardiometabolic Health Research Unit, Department of Biomedical Sciences, Faculty of Health and Wellness Sciences, Cape Peninsula University of Technology, Bellville 7535, South Africa, Non‑Communicable Diseases Research Unit, South African Medical Research Council, Cape Town and Durban 7505, South Africa
    Copyright: © Ndonwi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 144
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    Published online on: June 19, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2022
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Abstract

Single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) are genetic risk factors for type 2 diabetes (T2D). SNPs of the cryptochrome circadian regulator 2 (CRY2), hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α, prospero homeobox 1 and glucose‑6‑phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC2) genes are associated with T2D. To the best of our knowledge, however, the association is unclear in African patients and the burden of T2D is growing rapidly in Africa. The present study aimed to investigate SNPs of cryptochrome circadian regulator 2 (CRY2), hepatocyte nuclear factor 1α, prospero homeobox 1 and glucose‑6‑phosphatase catalytic subunit (G6PC2) genes in T2D in a South African population. The study included 310 participants with T2D and 310 healthy controls. Demographic and lifestyle characteristics were self‑reported, while anthropometric and biochemical measurements were determined using standard methods. Plasma glucose and insulin were measured by enzymatic hexokinase method and paramagnetic particle chemiluminescence assay, respectively. Highly sensitive c‑reactive protein (hs‑CRP) was measured by ELISA. iPLEX SNP genotyping was used for SNP analysis and results were confirmed by Sanger sequencing. Insulin resistance measured using the homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA‑IR) formula was significantly higher in carriers of the recessive rs11605924 (P=0.049), fasting plasma glucose was significantly lower in carriers of the recessive rs560887 (P=0.015) and highly sensitive c‑reactive protein levels were significantly lower in carriers of the recessive rs1169288 (P=0.018). The risk of T2D was significantly higher in participants with the recessive rs560887 [odds ratio (OR)=1.58, 95% CI, 1.02‑2.44, P=0.041) and rs11605924 (OR=1.82, 95% CI, 1.03‑3.23, P=0.041) compared with the dominant alleles. CRY2 and G6PC2 SNPs were associated with an increased risk of T2D and may partly contribute to high prevalence of T2D in the mixed ancestry South African population. Further studies are warranted to validate these findings in other African populations and explore downstream pathways.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ndonwi E, Matshazi DM, Davison GM, Erasmus RT, Kengne AP and Matsha TE: <em>CRY2</em> (rs11605924) and <em>G6PC2</em> (rs560887) single nucleotide polymorphisms increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Rep 23: 144, 2025.
APA
Ndonwi, E., Matshazi, D.M., Davison, G.M., Erasmus, R.T., Kengne, A.P., & Matsha, T.E. (2025). <em>CRY2</em> (rs11605924) and <em>G6PC2</em> (rs560887) single nucleotide polymorphisms increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomedical Reports, 23, 144. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2022
MLA
Ndonwi, E., Matshazi, D. M., Davison, G. M., Erasmus, R. T., Kengne, A. P., Matsha, T. E."<em>CRY2</em> (rs11605924) and <em>G6PC2</em> (rs560887) single nucleotide polymorphisms increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus". Biomedical Reports 23.3 (2025): 144.
Chicago
Ndonwi, E., Matshazi, D. M., Davison, G. M., Erasmus, R. T., Kengne, A. P., Matsha, T. E."<em>CRY2</em> (rs11605924) and <em>G6PC2</em> (rs560887) single nucleotide polymorphisms increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 3 (2025): 144. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2022
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Ndonwi E, Matshazi DM, Davison GM, Erasmus RT, Kengne AP and Matsha TE: <em>CRY2</em> (rs11605924) and <em>G6PC2</em> (rs560887) single nucleotide polymorphisms increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomed Rep 23: 144, 2025.
APA
Ndonwi, E., Matshazi, D.M., Davison, G.M., Erasmus, R.T., Kengne, A.P., & Matsha, T.E. (2025). <em>CRY2</em> (rs11605924) and <em>G6PC2</em> (rs560887) single nucleotide polymorphisms increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Biomedical Reports, 23, 144. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2022
MLA
Ndonwi, E., Matshazi, D. M., Davison, G. M., Erasmus, R. T., Kengne, A. P., Matsha, T. E."<em>CRY2</em> (rs11605924) and <em>G6PC2</em> (rs560887) single nucleotide polymorphisms increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus". Biomedical Reports 23.3 (2025): 144.
Chicago
Ndonwi, E., Matshazi, D. M., Davison, G. M., Erasmus, R. T., Kengne, A. P., Matsha, T. E."<em>CRY2</em> (rs11605924) and <em>G6PC2</em> (rs560887) single nucleotide polymorphisms increase risk of type 2 diabetes mellitus". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 3 (2025): 144. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2022
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