Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Biomedical Reports
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 2049-9434 Online ISSN: 2049-9442
Journal Cover
September-2025 Volume 23 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-2025 Volume 23 Issue 3

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML

  • Supplementary Files
    • Supplementary_Data.pdf
Article Open Access

Effects of aged garlic extract may differ between normal cells and cancer cells

  • Authors:
    • Koji Harada
    • Tarannum Ferdous
    • Keisuke Kawasaki
    • Kenji Watanabe
    • Yoichi Mizukami
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Nursing, Faculty of Health Sciences, Hiroshima Cosmopolitan University, Hiroshima 734‑0014, Japan, Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Yamaguchi University Graduate School of Medicine, Ube, Yamaguchi 755‑8505, Japan, Center for Gene Research, Science Research Center, Yamaguchi University, Ube, Yamaguchi 755‑8505, Japan
    Copyright: © Harada et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 150
    |
    Published online on: July 1, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2028
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Aged garlic extract (AGE) is one of the widely used garlic‑based products that are extensively studied and are commercially available. However, there are no reports that compare the effects of AGE on normal cells and oral cancer cells. The present study tried to investigate the effects of AGE on normal healthy cells and cancer cells. The effect of AGE on the proliferation of normal cell lines HaCaT and fibroblast, in addition to cancer cell lines SCC7, HSC2, HSC3 and Ca9‑22 were evaluated by MTT assay. The effects of AGE on cell migration were examined using wound healing and migration assays. Whole transcriptome analysis, ingenuity pathways analysis (IPA) and western blot analysis were used to investigate the mechanism of action of AGE in HaCaT and SCC7 cells. Data from the aforementioned assays were then evaluated and compared to assess if AGE affects normal cells differently compared with cancer cells. AGE was found to promote the proliferation and migration of normal cells, especially HaCaT, in the absence of FBS more markedly compared with those of cancer cells. However, AGE could not promote wound healing in fibroblast cells at the same rate as in HaCaT cells. In normal cells, sequential or combination AGE treatment with 5‑fluorouracil (5‑FU), cisplatin (CDDP) and docetaxel (DOC) somewhat counteracted the proliferation‑limiting effects of anti‑cancer agents. However, in cancer cells, AGE treatments enhanced the inhibitory effects of anti‑cancer agents when used in combination with 5‑FU, CDDP or DOC. This observation was more evident in the case of pre‑treatment with anticancer agents followed by AGE sequential treatment. Subsequently, whole transcriptome analysis and IPA data suggested that AGE facilitated the proliferation and survival of normal cells through the induction of protein kinase B family protein and brain‑derived neurotrophic factor pathways, whilst suppressing ferroptosis These data were also confirmed by western blotting to see if the genetic changes shown in whole transcriptome analysis and IPA are also induced at the protein level. In addition, AGE may reduce cancer cell proliferation through the suppression of cancer metastasis signaling and enhancement of phagocytic activity according to whole transcriptome analysis and IPA data. Taken together, these findings suggested that AGE may prompt the proliferation of normal cells and suppress the that of cancer cells through different cellular processes and signaling pathways.
View Figures

Figure 1

Effect of AGE on cell proliferation.
AGE exerted growth-stimulating effect on HaCaT (AGE 0.001-1 mg/ml)
in the absence of FBS (0% FBS) and on Fibroblast (AGE 1-10 mg/ml)
in medium with 0% or 10% FBS. However, higher concentrations
(0.01-1 mg/ml) of AGE did not promote the growth of cancer cells.
#P<0.05 vs. control (AGE 0 mg/ml) one-way analysis of
variance and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons tests. AGE, aged
garlic extract.

Figure 2

Effect of AGE on wound healing. The
wound healing ability of AGE-treated cells was examined by a wound
healing assay. Black arrow shows the width of each wound area. (A)
AGE increased the wound healing ability of HaCaT more markedly than
Fibroblast cells. (B) AGE did not affect the wound healing ability
of SCC7, but AGE slightly affected HSC2. (C) AGE did not affect the
wound healing ability of HSC3, but had medium effect on Ca922. AGE-
treated cancer cells showed weaker wound healing ability than AGE-
treated HaCaT cells. This assay was run in triplicate. AGE, aged
garlic extract.

Figure 3

Effect of AGE on cell migration. AGE
(1 µg-1 mg/ml) stimulated the migration ability of normal cells
(HaCaT and Fibroblast). Low concentration of AGE increased the
migration ability of cancer cells. However, high concentration of
AGE decreased the migration ability of cancer cells in some cases,
especially in SCC7 and HSC2 cells. #P<0.05 vs.
control (AGE 0 mg/ml) one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer
multiple comparisons tests. AGE, aged garlic extract.

Figure 4

Combined effects of AGE and anticancer
agents. Combined effects of AGE and anticancer agents were
different depending on the cell types. (A) Sequential or
simultaneous treatment with AGE and anticancer agents did not
affect growth of normal cells that much; however, cell growth rate
was slightly increased in few cases. In most cases, growth
inhibition was absent. (B and C) Pre-treatment with anticancer
agents tend to improve the growth inhibitory effect of AGE against
cancer cells. However, the data was not the same for all cancer
cell types. #P<0.05 vs. control (AGE 0 mg/ml);
one-way analysis of variance and Tukey-Kramer multiple comparisons
tests. AGE, aged garlic extract.

Figure 5

Mechanism of action of AGE in HaCaT
and SCC7. (A) MTT assay of 24 h treatment. AGE promoted
proliferation in HaCaT, but not SCC7. (B) MTT assay of 48 h
treatment. AGE promoted proliferation in HaCaT, but not SCC7, and
48 h treatment showed improved results vs. 24 h treatment. (C) The
pathway through inhibition of ferroptosis was detected in the
pathway of comparison between AGE (100 µg/ml, 48 h)-treated HaCaT
and untreated HaCaT. (D) Akt could be one of the genes of
focus as detected from first network analysis on comparison between
AGE (100 µg/ml, 48 h)-treated and untreated HaCaT. (E) BDNF
could be one of the genes of focus as detected from third network
analysis on comparison between AGE (100 µg/ml, 48 h)-treated HaCaT
and untreated HaCaT. (F) The possibility of cancer cell growth
inhibition by AGE through the suppression of cancer metastasis
signaling between AGE (100 µg/ml, 48 h)-treated and untreated SCC7.
(G) The possibility of cancer cell growth inhibition by AGE through
the enhancement of phagocytic activity between AGE (100 µg/ml, 48
h)-treated SCC7 and untreated SCC7. AGE, aged garlic extract.

Figure 6

Expression of Akt, BDNF and
ferroptosis related factors in AGE-treated cells. Western blotting
showed that AGE (0.1 µg-1 mg/ml) enhanced the expression of Akt,
p-Akt, BDNF, GPX4 and glutathione in HaCaT compared to the
untreated HaCaT. On the other hands, those expressions were not
enhanced in AGE-treated SCC7. Akt, protein kinase B family protein;
BDNF, brain derived neurotrophic factor AGE, aged garlic extract;
p-, phosphorylated.
View References

1 

Lissiman E, Bhasale AL and Cohen M: Garlic for the common cold. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2014(CD006206)2014.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

2 

Kodera Y, Kurita M, Nakamoto M and Matsutomo T: Chemistry of aged garlic: Diversity of constituents in aged garlic extract and their production mechanisms via the combination of chemical and enzymatic reactions. Exp Ther Med. 19:1574–1584. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Ried K: Garlic lowers blood pressure in hypertensive subjects, improves arterial stiffness and gut microbiota: A review and meta-analysis. Exp Ther Med. 19:1472–1478. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

4 

Lv Y, So KF, Wong NK and Xiao J: Anti-cancer activities of S-allylmercaptocysteine from aged garlic. Chin J Nat Med. 17:43–49. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Borek C: Antioxidant health effects of aged garlic extract. J Nutr. 131:1010S–1015S. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

6 

Tsuneyoshi T: BACH1 mediates the antioxidant properties of aged garlic extract. Exp Ther Med. 19:1500–1503. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Morihara N, Hino A, Miki S, Takashima M and Suzuki JI: Aged garlic extract suppresses inflammation in apolipoprotein E-knockout mice. Mol Nutr Food Res. 61:2017.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Miki S, Suzuki JI, Kunimura K and Morihara N: Mechanisms underlying the attenuation of chronic inflammatory diseases by aged garlic extract: Involvement of the activation of AMP-activated protein kinase. Exp Ther Med. 19:1462–1467. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

9 

Kyo E, Uda N, Kasuga S and Itakura Y: Immunomodulatory effects of aged garlic extract. J Nutr. 131:1075S–1079S. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

10 

Suzuki J, Yamaguchi T, Matsumoto T, Amano H, Morihara N and Kodera Y: S-1-Propenylcysteine promotes the differentiation of B cells into IgA-producing cells by the induction of Erk1/2-dependent Xbp1 expression in Peyer's patches. Nutrition. 32:884–889. 2016.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

11 

Suzuki JI, Miki S, Ushijima M and Kodera Y: Regulation of immune response by S-1-propenylcysteine through autophagy-mediated protein degradation. Exp Ther Med. 19:1570–1573. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

12 

Gruenwald J, Bongartz U, Bothe G and Uebelhack R: Effects of aged garlic extract on arterial elasticity in a placebo-controlled clinical trial using EndoPAT™ technology. Exp Ther Med. 19:1490–1499. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

13 

Gómez-Arbeláez D, Lahera V, Oubiña P, Valero-Muñoz M, de Las Heras N, Rodríguez Y, García RG, Camacho PA and López-Jaramillo P: Aged garlic extract improves adiponectin levels in subjects with metabolic syndrome: A double-blind, placebo-controlled, randomized, crossover study. Mediators Inflamm. 2013(285795)2013.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

14 

Zini A, Mann J, Mazor S and Vered Y: Beneficial effect of aged garlic extract on periodontitis: A randomized controlled double-blind clinical study. J Clin Biochem Nutr. 67:297–301. 2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

15 

American Cancer Society: The Global Cancer Burden. https://www.cancer.org/about-us/our-global-health-work/global-cancer-burden.html Accessed April 16, 2024.

16 

Almatroodi SA, Alsahli MA, Almatroudi A and Rahmani AH: Garlic and its Active compounds: A potential candidate in the prevention of cancer by modulating various cell signalling pathways. Anticancer Agents Med Chem. 19:1314–1324. 2019.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

17 

Miraghajani M, Rafie N, Hajianfar H, Larijani B and Azadbakht L: Aged garlic and cancer: A systematic review. Int J Prev Med. 9(84)2018.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

18 

Aggarwal BB and Shishodia S: Molecular targets of dietary agents for prevention and therapy of cancer. Biochem Pharmacol. 71:1397–1421. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Fleischauer AT and Arab L: Garlic and cancer: A critical review of the epidemiologic literature. J Nutr. 131:1032S–1040S. 2001.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Ishikawa H, Saeki T, Otani T, Suzuki T, Shimozuma K, Nishino H, Fukuda S and Morimoto K: Aged garlic extract prevents a decline of NK cell number and activity in patients with advanced cancer. J Nutr. 136 (3 Suppl):816S–8120S. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Thomson M and Ali M: Garlic [Allium sativum]: A review of its potential use as an anti-cancer agent. Curr Cancer DrugTargets. 3:67–81. 2003.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

22 

Morihara N, Ushijima M, Kashimoto N, Sumioka I, Nishihama T, Hayama M and Takeda H: Aged garlic extract ameliorates physical fatigue. Biol Pharm Bull. 29:962–966. 2006.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

23 

Wakunaga of America Co., Ltd.: Aged Garlic Extract. Research Excerpts from Peer Reviewed Scientific Journals & Scientific Meetings. https://www.kyolic.ca/wp-content/uploads/2016/03/Aged-Garlic-Research-Excerpts.pdf. Accessed June 15, 2025.

24 

Kitamura N, Sento S, Yoshizawa Y, Sasabe E, Kudo Y and Yamamoto T: Current trends and future prospects of molecular targeted therapy in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma. Int J Mol Sci. 22(240)2020.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

25 

Ueyama Y, Okafuji M, Harada K, Mano T, Mihara M, Uchida K, Horinaga D and Wada N: Clinical phase I trial of S-1 in the combination with DOC using super-selective intra-arterial infusion with oral cancer. Gan To Kagaku Ryoho. 36:395–399. 2009.PubMed/NCBI(In Japanese).

26 

Carmichael J, DeGraff WG, Gazdar AF, Minna JD and Mitchell JB: Evaluation of a tetrazolium-based semiautomated calorimetric assay: Assessment of chemosensitivity testing. Cancer Res. 47:936–942. 1987.PubMed/NCBI

27 

Jiang X, Stockwell BR and Conrad M: Ferroptosis: Mechanisms, biology and role in disease. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol. 22:266–282. 2021.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

28 

Jin T, Zhang Y, Botchway BOA, Zhang J, Fan R, Zhang Y and Liu X: Curcumin can improve Parkinson's disease via activating BDNF/PI3k/Akt signaling pathways. Food Chem Toxicol. 164(113091)2022.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Malekan M, Nezamabadi SS, Samami E, Mohebalizadeh M, Saghazadeh A and Rezaei N: BDNF and its signaling in cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 149:2621–2636. 2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

30 

Liu ZL, Chen HH, Zheng LL, Sun LP and Shi L: Angiogenic signaling pathways and anti-angiogenic therapy for cancer. Signal Transduct Target Ther. 8(198)2023.PubMed/NCBI View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Harada K, Ferdous T, Kawasaki K, Watanabe K and Mizukami Y: Effects of aged garlic extract may differ between normal cells and cancer cells. Biomed Rep 23: 150, 2025.
APA
Harada, K., Ferdous, T., Kawasaki, K., Watanabe, K., & Mizukami, Y. (2025). Effects of aged garlic extract may differ between normal cells and cancer cells. Biomedical Reports, 23, 150. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2028
MLA
Harada, K., Ferdous, T., Kawasaki, K., Watanabe, K., Mizukami, Y."Effects of aged garlic extract may differ between normal cells and cancer cells". Biomedical Reports 23.3 (2025): 150.
Chicago
Harada, K., Ferdous, T., Kawasaki, K., Watanabe, K., Mizukami, Y."Effects of aged garlic extract may differ between normal cells and cancer cells". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 3 (2025): 150. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2028
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Harada K, Ferdous T, Kawasaki K, Watanabe K and Mizukami Y: Effects of aged garlic extract may differ between normal cells and cancer cells. Biomed Rep 23: 150, 2025.
APA
Harada, K., Ferdous, T., Kawasaki, K., Watanabe, K., & Mizukami, Y. (2025). Effects of aged garlic extract may differ between normal cells and cancer cells. Biomedical Reports, 23, 150. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2028
MLA
Harada, K., Ferdous, T., Kawasaki, K., Watanabe, K., Mizukami, Y."Effects of aged garlic extract may differ between normal cells and cancer cells". Biomedical Reports 23.3 (2025): 150.
Chicago
Harada, K., Ferdous, T., Kawasaki, K., Watanabe, K., Mizukami, Y."Effects of aged garlic extract may differ between normal cells and cancer cells". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 3 (2025): 150. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2028
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team