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Article Open Access

Impact of weight loss and lifestyle modifications on liver fibrosis in MASLD and MetALD: A cohort study

  • Authors:
    • Tatsuki Ichikawa
    • Satoshi Miuma
    • Mio Yamashima
    • Shinobu Yamamichi
    • Makiko Koike
    • Yusuke Nakano
    • Hiroyuki Yajima
    • Osamu Miyazaki
    • Tomonari Ikeda
    • Takuma Okamura
    • Naohiro Komatsu
    • Miruki Yoshino
    • Hisamitsu Miyaaki
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Gastroenterology, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center, Nagasaki 850‑8555, Japan, Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology, Graduate School of Biomedical Sciences, Nagasaki University, Nagasaki 852‑8501, Japan, Innovation and Translational Research Center, Nagasaki Harbor Medical Center, Nagasaki 850‑8555, Japan
    Copyright: © Ichikawa et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 158
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    Published online on: July 25, 2025
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2036
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Abstract

The present study aimed to investigate the impact of weight loss and abstinence and exercise on liver fibrosis in metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease (MASLD) and metabolic dysfunction‑associated steatotic liver disease and alcoholic‑related liver disease (MetALD). A total of 67 patients with MASLD and 33 patients with MetALD were retrospectively evaluated after six months of follow‑up for weight loss, abstinence and exercise. A decrease in liver fibrosis (decrease in dLSM2B) was defined as a reduction in liver stiffness (LS) by FibroScan and macrophage galactose‑specific lectin‑2 binding protein glycosylation isomer (M2BPGi) over the observation period. The decrease in dLSM2B levels was 35.8 and 39.4% in the MASLD and MetALD groups, respectively. In MASLD, the decreased weight rate (dBW%) was lower for a decrease in dLSM2B than for an increase. However, in MetALD, the dBW% was not significantly different between the groups. In MetALD, patients with complete abstinence and exercise frequency had a higher rate of decrease in dLSM2B. A prediction score of 0, 1 or 2 points was developed to predict the decrease in dLSM2B, with 1 point awarded for a dBW% reduction of ≥3.8 and 1 point for a FIB‑4 reduction of ≥0.201. In patients with MASLD, there was a significant difference in the decrease in dLSM2B by 8.3% for a prediction score of 0, 36% for 1, and 72.2% for 2 points, whereas there was no significant difference in the improvement rate for 0‑2 points. In conclusion, weight loss during MASLD and abstinence and exercise during MetALD were associated with a decrease in dLSM2B.
View Figures

Figure 1

Relationship between with dLSM2B
decrease and change of lifestyle. The dLSM2B decreased group is the
group with no increase in LS (dLS) and no increase in M2BPI (dM2B),
and the dLSM2B increased group is the group other than the
decreased group. Change of LS and M2B were difference form entry to
0.5 year after. Exercise (Ex) was defined as 100% of 30 min of
walking; if less, self-reported walking time was divided by 30 min
and expressed as a percentage. The Ex+ group is the
group that was able to add any degree of exercise, and the None
group is the group that did not add any exercise at all. The
abstinence group was the group that completely stopped drinking
alcohol by self-report. The AbEx group is an Ex+ and
abstinence group. Decreased body weight (dBW%) is calculated as
follows: (BW at entry-BW at 0.5 year after)/BW at entry. BW
decrease rate groups (dBWG) were divided by quartiles of dBW% as
follows: G1: -6.1%>; G2, -6.1 to -3.1; G3, -3.1 to -0.77; G4,
-0.77<. (A) Differences in the relationship between weight loss
and liver fibrosis improvement in MASLD and MetALD. dBW% was
compered between dLSM2B decrease and increase groups in MASLD and
MetALD. Y axis is dBW%. (B) Association between weight loss and
liver fibrosis improvement in MASLD. In MASLD, dBWG and dLSM2B
decrease group. G1, 17 patients; G2, 19 patients; G3, 17 patients;
G4, 14 patients. Y axis is dLSM2B decrease group percentile. (C)
Association between abstinence + exercise and improvement of liver
fibrosis in MetALD. Rate of AbEx in groups related to dLSM2B
decrease group. Y axis is AbEx percentile. (D) Relationship between
complete abstinence and liver fibrosis improvement in MetALD. In
MetALD, the relation between degree of abstinence and dLSM2B
decrease group. cAb is complete abstinence and pAb is partial
abstinence included decrease drink. Ex is the group that was able
to add any degree of exercise. cAb + Ex group, 10 patients; pAb +
Ex group, 4 patients; other group, 19 patients. Y axis is dLSM2B
decrease group percentile. (E) Relationship between achievement of
exercise goal and improvement of liver fibrosis in MetALD. In
MetALD, the relation between degree of exercise and dLSM2B decrease
group. cEx is 30 min of more of walking and pEx is less than 30 min
of walking. Ab is stop of drinking. Ab + cEx group, 6 patients; Ab
+ pEx, 4 patients; other, 23 patients. (F) Comparison of liver
fibrosis improvement between alcohol abstinence exercise group and
weight loss group in MetALD. In MetALD, the relation between degree
of BW and dLSM2B decrease group. AbEx is an Ex+ group
and an abstinence group. dBWG1 excluded AbEx group is dBWG1 and
non-AbEx group. AbEx group, 10 patients; dBWG1 excluded AbEx, 3
patients; other, 20 patients. MASLD, metabolic
dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease; MetALD, metabolic
dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease and
alcoholic-related liver disease.

Figure 2

Evaluating effectiveness prediction
scores for dLSM2B decrease group. One point was given for a
decrease of 0.201 or more in FIB-4 and one point for a decrease of
3.8% or more in BW, and the total score was used as the predictor.
(A) Association between prediction score and improvement of liver
fibrosis in MASLD. In MASLD, percentage of dLSM2B decrease groups
by prediction score 0-2. Score 0; 24 patients, Score1; 25 patients,
Score 2; 18 patients. P=0.00205 (ANOVA). (B) Association between
prediction score and improvement of liver fibrosis in MetALD. In
MetALD. Score 0, 8 patients; Score 1, 20 patients; Score 2, 5
patients. P=0.00054 (ANOVA). Y axis is dLSM2B decrease percentile.
MASLD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease;
MetALD, metabolic dysfunction-associated steatotic liver disease
and alcoholic-related liver disease.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Ichikawa T, Miuma S, Yamashima M, Yamamichi S, Koike M, Nakano Y, Yajima H, Miyazaki O, Ikeda T, Okamura T, Okamura T, et al: Impact of weight loss and lifestyle modifications on liver fibrosis in MASLD and MetALD: A cohort study. Biomed Rep 23: 158, 2025.
APA
Ichikawa, T., Miuma, S., Yamashima, M., Yamamichi, S., Koike, M., Nakano, Y. ... Miyaaki, H. (2025). Impact of weight loss and lifestyle modifications on liver fibrosis in MASLD and MetALD: A cohort study. Biomedical Reports, 23, 158. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2036
MLA
Ichikawa, T., Miuma, S., Yamashima, M., Yamamichi, S., Koike, M., Nakano, Y., Yajima, H., Miyazaki, O., Ikeda, T., Okamura, T., Komatsu, N., Yoshino, M., Miyaaki, H."Impact of weight loss and lifestyle modifications on liver fibrosis in MASLD and MetALD: A cohort study". Biomedical Reports 23.4 (2025): 158.
Chicago
Ichikawa, T., Miuma, S., Yamashima, M., Yamamichi, S., Koike, M., Nakano, Y., Yajima, H., Miyazaki, O., Ikeda, T., Okamura, T., Komatsu, N., Yoshino, M., Miyaaki, H."Impact of weight loss and lifestyle modifications on liver fibrosis in MASLD and MetALD: A cohort study". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 4 (2025): 158. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2036
Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Ichikawa T, Miuma S, Yamashima M, Yamamichi S, Koike M, Nakano Y, Yajima H, Miyazaki O, Ikeda T, Okamura T, Okamura T, et al: Impact of weight loss and lifestyle modifications on liver fibrosis in MASLD and MetALD: A cohort study. Biomed Rep 23: 158, 2025.
APA
Ichikawa, T., Miuma, S., Yamashima, M., Yamamichi, S., Koike, M., Nakano, Y. ... Miyaaki, H. (2025). Impact of weight loss and lifestyle modifications on liver fibrosis in MASLD and MetALD: A cohort study. Biomedical Reports, 23, 158. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2036
MLA
Ichikawa, T., Miuma, S., Yamashima, M., Yamamichi, S., Koike, M., Nakano, Y., Yajima, H., Miyazaki, O., Ikeda, T., Okamura, T., Komatsu, N., Yoshino, M., Miyaaki, H."Impact of weight loss and lifestyle modifications on liver fibrosis in MASLD and MetALD: A cohort study". Biomedical Reports 23.4 (2025): 158.
Chicago
Ichikawa, T., Miuma, S., Yamashima, M., Yamamichi, S., Koike, M., Nakano, Y., Yajima, H., Miyazaki, O., Ikeda, T., Okamura, T., Komatsu, N., Yoshino, M., Miyaaki, H."Impact of weight loss and lifestyle modifications on liver fibrosis in MASLD and MetALD: A cohort study". Biomedical Reports 23, no. 4 (2025): 158. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2025.2036
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