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Article Open Access

Efficacy of narrow‑diameter implants in restoring dentition defects in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‑analysis

  • Authors:
    • Zhihong Zhang
    • Ding Wang
    • Jun Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Stomatology, Civil Aviation General Hospital, Beijing 100123, P.R. China, Implantation Center of Beijing Stomatological Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Zhang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Article Number: 83
    |
    Published online on: May 8, 2026
       https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2156
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Abstract

The aim of the present study was to systematically evaluate the efficacy of narrow‑diameter implants (NDIs) for restoring dentition defects in patients with diabetes and compare their clinical/radiographic outcomes with patients without diabetes (controls). Databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Library and Google Scholar) were searched (January 1, 2000‑July 15, 2025) for studies comparing NDI outcomes between patients with and without diabetes. The methodological quality and risk of bias of the included studies were assessed using the Newcastle‑Ottawa Scale and the Joanna Briggs Institute Critical Appraisal Checklist. Meta‑analysis was performed using RevMan v5.4 software. The nine included studies (410 patients; 688 implants) demonstrated high overall methodological quality. There was no significant intergroup difference in the survival rate [risk ratio (RR)=1.00; 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.93, 1.07; P=1.00]. Regarding radiographic outcomes, the diabetic group exhibited greater distal bone loss [mean difference (MD)=0.28 mm, 95% CI 0.02, 0.5; P=0.03), whereas the mesial bone level (MD=0.31 mm; P=0.08] and overall marginal bone level (MD=‑0.02 mm; P=0.83) showed no significant differences. Furthermore, the diabetic group had markedly higher long‑term (≥3 years) probing depth (MD=0.31 mm; P<0.0001), bleeding on probing (MD=14.41%; P=0.02), and plaque index (MD=13.77%; P=0.04). There was notable heterogeneity among the studies included in the meta‑analysis, suggesting that individual studies may have influenced the overall findings. NDIs demonstrated satisfactory short‑term survival in patients with diabetes. However, diabetes markedly increased long‑term peri‑implant inflammation risk and distal bone resorption, necessitating enhanced postoperative monitoring and personalized maintenance.
View Figures

Figure 1

Flow chart for data search and
gathering.

Figure 2

Forest plots of probing depth in
diabetic patients compared with healthy individuals at ≤1, 1-3 and
≥3 years. DM, diabetes mellitus; SD, standard deviation; CI,
confidence interval.

Figure 3

Forest plots of bleeding on probing
in diabetic patients compared with healthy individuals at ≤1, 1-3
and ≥3 years. DM, diabetes mellitus; SD, standard deviation; CI,
confidence interval.

Figure 4

Forest plots of plaque index in
diabetic patients compared with healthy individuals at ≤1, 1-3 and
≥3 years. DM, diabetes mellitus; SD, standard deviation; CI,
confidence interval.

Figure 5

Forest plots of peri-implant bone
levels in diabetic patients compared with healthy individuals. (A)
Mesial crestal bone loss; (B) distal crestal bone loss; (C)
marginal bone loss. DM, diabetes mellitus; SD, standard deviation;
CI, confidence interval.

Figure 6

Forest plots of implant survival
rate. DM, diabetes mellitus; SD, standard deviation; CI, confidence
interval.

Figure 7

Funnel plots of peri-implant outcomes
in diabetic patients compared with healthy individuals. (A) Probing
depth; (B) bleeding on probing; (C) plaque index. SE, standard
error; MD, mean difference.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang Z, Wang D and Li J: Efficacy of narrow‑diameter implants in restoring dentition defects in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Biomed Rep 25: 83, 2026.
APA
Zhang, Z., Wang, D., & Li, J. (2026). Efficacy of narrow‑diameter implants in restoring dentition defects in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Biomedical Reports, 25, 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2156
MLA
Zhang, Z., Wang, D., Li, J."Efficacy of narrow‑diameter implants in restoring dentition defects in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Biomedical Reports 25.1 (2026): 83.
Chicago
Zhang, Z., Wang, D., Li, J."Efficacy of narrow‑diameter implants in restoring dentition defects in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Biomedical Reports 25, no. 1 (2026): 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2156
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Zhang Z, Wang D and Li J: Efficacy of narrow‑diameter implants in restoring dentition defects in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Biomed Rep 25: 83, 2026.
APA
Zhang, Z., Wang, D., & Li, J. (2026). Efficacy of narrow‑diameter implants in restoring dentition defects in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‑analysis. Biomedical Reports, 25, 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2156
MLA
Zhang, Z., Wang, D., Li, J."Efficacy of narrow‑diameter implants in restoring dentition defects in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Biomedical Reports 25.1 (2026): 83.
Chicago
Zhang, Z., Wang, D., Li, J."Efficacy of narrow‑diameter implants in restoring dentition defects in patients with diabetes: A systematic review and meta‑analysis". Biomedical Reports 25, no. 1 (2026): 83. https://doi.org/10.3892/br.2026.2156
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