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Article

Human endogenous RNAs: Implications for the immunomodulation of Toll-like receptor 3

  • Authors:
    • Marla Karine Amarante
    • Julie Massayo Maeda Oda
    • Edna Maria Vissoci Reiche
    • Helena Kaminami Morimoto
    • Mateus Nobrega Aoki
    • Maria Angelica Ehara Watanabe
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Centro de Ciências Biológicas, Departamento de Ciências Patológicas, Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86051-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, Departamento de Patológia, Laboratório de Genética Molecular e Imunologia, Universidade Estadual de Londrina, CEP 86051-970, Londrina, Paraná, Brazil, Department of Biochemistry, Chemistry Institute, University of São Paulo, São Paulo, Brazil
  • Pages: 925-929
    |
    Published online on: June 30, 2011
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.303
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Abstract

Toll-like receptors (TLRs), a family of mammalian receptors, are able to recognize nucleic acids. TLR3 recognizes double‑stranded (ds)RNA, a product of the replication of certain viruses. Polyinosinic-polycytidylic acid, referred to as poly(I:C), an analog of viral dsRNA, interacts with TLR3 thereby eliciting immunoinflammatory responses characteristic of viral infection or down‑regulating the expression of chemokine receptor CXCR4. It is known that dsRNA also directly activates interferon (IFN)-induced enzymes, such as the RNA-dependent protein kinase (PKR). In the present study, the mRNA expression of TLR3, CXCR4, IFNγ and PKR was investigated in a culture of peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) stimulated with poly(I:C) and endogenous RNA from human PBMCs. No cytotoxic effect on the cells or on the proliferation of CD3+, CD4+ and CD8+ cells was observed. TLR3 expression in the PBMCs in the presence of poly(I:C) was up-regulated 9.5‑fold, and TLR3 expression in the PBMCs treated with endogenous RNA was down‑regulated 1.8‑fold (p=0.002). The same trend was observed for IFNγ where in the presence of poly(I:C) an 8.7-fold increase was noted and in the presence of endogenous RNA a 3.1-fold decrease was observed. In the culture activated with poly(I:C), mRNA expression of CXCR4 increased 8.0‑fold and expression of PKR increased 33.0‑fold. Expression of these genes decreased in the culture treated with endogenous RNA when compared to the culture without stimulus. Thus, high expression of mRNA for TLR3, IFNγ, CXCR4 and PKR was observed in the presence of poly(I:C) and low expression was observed in the cells cultured with endogenous RNA. In conclusion, TLR3 may play major physiological roles that are not in the context of viral infection. It is possible that RNA released from cells could contain enough double‑stranded structures to regulate cell activation. The involvement of endogenous RNA in endogenous gene expression and its implications in the regulation thereof, are still being studied, and will have significant implications in the future.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Amarante MK, Maeda Oda JM, Vissoci Reiche EM, Kaminami Morimoto H, Nobrega Aoki M and Ehara Watanabe MA: Human endogenous RNAs: Implications for the immunomodulation of Toll-like receptor 3. Exp Ther Med 2: 925-929, 2011.
APA
Amarante, M.K., Maeda Oda, J.M., Vissoci Reiche, E.M., Kaminami Morimoto, H., Nobrega Aoki, M., & Ehara Watanabe, M.A. (2011). Human endogenous RNAs: Implications for the immunomodulation of Toll-like receptor 3. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2, 925-929. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.303
MLA
Amarante, M. K., Maeda Oda, J. M., Vissoci Reiche, E. M., Kaminami Morimoto, H., Nobrega Aoki, M., Ehara Watanabe, M. A."Human endogenous RNAs: Implications for the immunomodulation of Toll-like receptor 3". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2.5 (2011): 925-929.
Chicago
Amarante, M. K., Maeda Oda, J. M., Vissoci Reiche, E. M., Kaminami Morimoto, H., Nobrega Aoki, M., Ehara Watanabe, M. A."Human endogenous RNAs: Implications for the immunomodulation of Toll-like receptor 3". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2, no. 5 (2011): 925-929. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.303
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Amarante MK, Maeda Oda JM, Vissoci Reiche EM, Kaminami Morimoto H, Nobrega Aoki M and Ehara Watanabe MA: Human endogenous RNAs: Implications for the immunomodulation of Toll-like receptor 3. Exp Ther Med 2: 925-929, 2011.
APA
Amarante, M.K., Maeda Oda, J.M., Vissoci Reiche, E.M., Kaminami Morimoto, H., Nobrega Aoki, M., & Ehara Watanabe, M.A. (2011). Human endogenous RNAs: Implications for the immunomodulation of Toll-like receptor 3. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2, 925-929. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.303
MLA
Amarante, M. K., Maeda Oda, J. M., Vissoci Reiche, E. M., Kaminami Morimoto, H., Nobrega Aoki, M., Ehara Watanabe, M. A."Human endogenous RNAs: Implications for the immunomodulation of Toll-like receptor 3". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2.5 (2011): 925-929.
Chicago
Amarante, M. K., Maeda Oda, J. M., Vissoci Reiche, E. M., Kaminami Morimoto, H., Nobrega Aoki, M., Ehara Watanabe, M. A."Human endogenous RNAs: Implications for the immunomodulation of Toll-like receptor 3". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2, no. 5 (2011): 925-929. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.303
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