Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
September-October 2011 Volume 2 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
September-October 2011 Volume 2 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Review

HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in spinal cord injury: A hypothesis for novel therapy development (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Kiyoshi Kikuchi
    • Hisaaki Uchikado
    • Naoki Miura
    • Yoko Morimoto
    • Takashi Ito
    • Salunya Tancharoen
    • Kei Miyata
    • Rokudai Sakamoto
    • Chiemi Kikuchi
    • Narumi Iida
    • Naoto Shiomi
    • Terukazu Kuramoto
    • Naohisa Miyagi
    • Ko-Ichi Kawahara
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurosurgery, Yame Public General Hospital, Yame 834-0034, Japan, Department of Neurosurgery, Kurume University School of Medicine, Kurume 830-0011, Japan, Veterinary Teaching Hospital and Laboratory of Veterinary Diagnostic Imaging, Faculty of Agriculture, Kagoshima University, Kagoshima 890-0065, Japan, Department of Restorative Dentistry and Endodontology, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8544, Japan, Division of Laboratory and Vascular Medicine, Field of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Disorders, Department of Advanced Therapeutics, Kagoshima University Graduate School of Medical and Dental Sciences, Kagoshima 890-8520, Japan, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Dentistry, Mahidol University, Rajthevee, Bangkok 10400, Thailand, Department of Rehabilitation, Nishida Koutoku Hospital, Saiki, Oita 876-0047, Japan, Research Laboratory, Kohjin Co., Ltd., Saiki, Oita 876-8580, Japan, Emergency Department, Saiseikai Shiga Hospital, Rittou, Shiga 520-3046, Japan, Department of Neurosurgery, Omuta City General Hospital, Omuta, Fukuoka 836-8567, Japan
  • Pages: 767-770
    |
    Published online on: June 30, 2011
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.310
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Historically, clinical outcomes following spinal cord injury (SCI) have been dismal. Severe SCI leads to devastating neurological deficits, and there is no treatment available that restores the injury-induced loss of function to a degree that an independent life can be guaranteed. To address all the issues associated with SCI, a multidisciplinary approach is required, as it is unlikely that a single approach, such as surgical intervention, pharmacotherapy or cellular transplantation, will suffice. High mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) is an inflammatory cytokine. Various studies have shown that HMGB1 plays a critical role in SCI and that inhibition of HMGB1 release may be a novel therapeutic target for SCI and may support spinal cord repair. In addition, HMGB1 has been associated with graft rejection in the early phase. Therefore, HMGB1 may be a promising therapeutic target for SCI transplant patients. We hypothesize that inhibition of HMGB1 release rescues patients with SCI. Taken together, our findings suggest that anti-HMGB1 monoclonal antibodies or short hairpin RNA-mediated HMGB1 could be administered for spinal cord repair in SCI patients.
View Figures
View References

1. 

McDonald JW and Sadowsky C: Spinal-cord injury. Lancet. 359:417–425. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

2. 

Andersson U, Wang H, Palmblad K, et al: High mobility group 1 protein (HMG-1) stimulates proinflammatory cytokine synthesis in human monocytes. J Exp Med. 192:565–570. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3. 

Ao Q, Wang AJ, Chen GQ, Wang SJ, Zuo HC and Zhang XF: Combined transplantation of neural stem cells and olfactory ensheathing cells for the repair of spinal cord injuries. Med Hypotheses. 69:1234–1237. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4. 

Rosenfeld JV, Bandopadhayay P, Goldschlager T and Brown DJ: The ethics of the treatment of spinal cord injury: stem cell transplants, motor neuroprosthetics, and social equity. Top Spinal Cord Inj Rehabil. 14:76–88. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5. 

Gupta R, Bathen ME, Smith JS, Levi AD, Bhatia NN and Steward O: Advances in the management of spinal cord injury. J Am Acad Orthop Surg. 18:210–222. 2010.

6. 

Choi D, Law S, Raisman G and Li D: Olfactory ensheathing cells in the nasal mucosa of the rat and human. Br J Neurosurg. 22:301–302. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7. 

Couzin J: Biotechnology. Celebration and concern over US trial of embryonic stem cells. Science. 323:5682009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8. 

Iwatsuki K, Yoshimine T, Kishima H, et al: Transplantation of olfactory mucosa following spinal cord injury promotes recovery in rats. Neuroreport. 19:1249–1252. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9. 

Li Y, Yamamoto M, Raisman G, Choi D and Carlstedt T: An experimental model of ventral root repair showing the beneficial effect of transplanting olfactory ensheathing cells. Neurosurgery. 60:734–741. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

10. 

Lima C, Pratas-Vital J, Escada P, Hasse-Ferreira A, Capucho C and Peduzzi JD: Olfactory mucosa autografts in human spinal cord injury: a pilot clinical study. J Spinal Cord Med. 29:191–206. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

11. 

Okano H: Strategies toward CNS-regeneration using induced pluripotent stem cells. Genome Inform. 23:217–220. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12. 

Raisman G: Repair of spinal cord injury by transplantation of olfactory ensheathing cells. C R Biol. 330:557–560. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13. 

Raisman G and Li Y: Repair of neural pathways by olfactory ensheathing cells. Nat Rev Neurosci. 8:312–319. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14. 

Tsuji O, Miura K, Okada Y, et al: Therapeutic potential of appropriately evaluated safe-induced pluripotent stem cells for spinal cord injury. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 107:12704–12709. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15. 

Zurita M and Vaquero J: Functional recovery in chronic paraplegia after bone marrow stromal cell transplantation. Neuroreport. 15:1105–1108. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16. 

Agresti A and Bianchi ME: HMGB proteins and gene expression. Curr Opin Genet Dev. 13:170–178. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

17. 

Dumitriu IE, Baruah P, Valentinis B, et al: Release of high mobility group box 1 by dendritic cells controls T cell activation via the receptor for advanced glycation end products. J Immunol. 174:7506–7515. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18. 

Inoue K, Kawahara K, Biswas KK, et al: HMGB1 expression by activated vascular smooth muscle cells in advanced human atherosclerosis plaques. Cardiovasc Pathol. 16:136–143. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19. 

Ito T, Kawahara K, Nakamura T, et al: High-mobility group box 1 protein promotes development of microvascular thrombosis in rats. J Thromb Haemost. 5:109–116. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20. 

Morimoto Y, Kawahara KI, Tancharoen S, et al: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha stimulates gingival epithelial cells to release high mobility-group box 1. J Period Res. 43:76–83. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21. 

Rovere-Querini P, Capobianco A, Scaffidi P, et al: HMGB1 is an endogenous immune adjuvant released by necrotic cells. EMBO Rep. 5:825–830. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22. 

Scaffidi P, Misteli T and Bianchi ME: Release of chromatin protein HMGB1 by necrotic cells triggers inflammation. Nature. 418:191–195. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23. 

Taniguchi N, Kawahara K, Yone K, et al: High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 plays a role in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis as a novel cytokine. Arthritis Rheum. 48:971–981. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24. 

Yang D, Chen Q, Yang H, Tracey KJ, Bustin M and Oppenheim JJ: High mobility group box-1 protein induces the migration and activation of human dendritic cells and acts as an alarmin. J Leukocyte Biol. 81:59–66. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25. 

Park JS, Gamboni-Robertson F, He Q, et al: High mobility group box 1 protein interacts with multiple Toll-like receptors. Am J Physiol. 290:C917–C924. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26. 

Park JS, Svetkauskaite D, He Q, et al: Involvement of toll-like receptors 2 and 4 in cellular activation by high mobility group box 1 protein. J Biol Chem. 279:7370–7377. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27. 

Hori O, Brett J, Slattery T, et al: The receptor for advanced glycation end products (RAGE) is a cellular binding site for amphoterin. Mediation of neurite outgrowth and co-expression of rage and amphoterin in the developing nervous system. J Biol Chem. 270:25752–25761. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28. 

Kokkola R, Andersson A, Mullins G, et al: RAGE is the major receptor for the proinflammatory activity of HMGB1 in rodent macrophages. Scand J Immunol. 61:1–9. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29. 

Wang H, Bloom O, Zhang M, et al: HMG-1 as a late mediator of endotoxin lethality in mice. Science. 285:248–251. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30. 

Dumitriu IE, Baruah P, Manfredi AA, Bianchi ME and Rovere-Querini P: HMGB1: guiding immunity from within. Trends Immunol. 26:381–387. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31. 

Goldstein RS, Gallowitsch-Puerta M, Yang L, et al: Elevated high-mobility group box 1 levels in patients with cerebral and myocardial ischemia. Shock. 25:571–574. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32. 

Kikuchi K, Kawahara K, Biswas KK, et al: Minocycline attenuates both OGD-induced HMGB1 release and HMGB1-induced cell death in ischemic neuronal injury in PC12 cells. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 385:132–136. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33. 

Kikuchi K, Kawahara K, Tancharoen S, et al: The free radical scavenger edaravone rescues rats from cerebral infarction by attenuating the release of high-mobility group box-1 in neuronal cells. J Pharmacol Exper Ther. 329:865–874. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34. 

Kim JB, Sig Choi J, Yu YM, et al: HMGB1, a novel cytokine-like mediator linking acute neuronal death and delayed neuroinflammation in the postischemic brain. J Neurosci. 26:6413–6421. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35. 

Lindstrom O, Tukiainen E, Kylanpaa L, et al: Circulating levels of a soluble form of receptor for advanced glycation end products and high-mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 in patients with acute pancreatitis. Pancreas. 38:e215–e220. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

36. 

Liu K, Mori S, Takahashi HK, et al: Anti-high mobility group box 1 monoclonal antibody ameliorates brain infarction induced by transient ischemia in rats. FASEB J. 21:3904–3916. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37. 

Lotze MT and Tracey KJ: High-mobility group box 1 protein (HMGB1): nuclear weapon in the immune arsenal. Nat Rev. 5:331–342. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

38. 

Nakahara T, Tsuruta R, Kaneko T, et al: High-mobility group box 1 protein in CSF of patients with subarachnoid hemorrhage. Neurocrit Care. 11:362–368. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39. 

Qiu J, Nishimura M, Wang Y, et al: Early release of HMGB-1 from neurons after the onset of brain ischemia. J Cereb Blood Flow Metab. 28:927–938. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40. 

Takano K, Shinoda M, Tanabe M, et al: Protective effect of high-mobility group box 1 blockade on acute liver failure in rats: (HMGB1 blockade for rat acute liver failure). Shock. 34:573–579. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41. 

Ulloa L and Messmer D: High-mobility group box 1 (HMGB1) protein: friend and foe. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev. 17:189–201. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42. 

Van Zoelen MA, Ishizaka A, Wolthuls EK, Choi G, van der Poll T and Schultz MJ: Pulmonary levels of high-mobility group box 1 during mechanical ventilation and ventilator-associated pneumonia. Shock. 29:441–445. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

43. 

Kohno T, Anzai T, Naito K, et al: Role of high-mobility group box 1 protein in post-infarction healing process and left ventricular remodelling. Cardiovasc Res. 81:565–573. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44. 

Maeda S, Hikiba Y, Shibata W, et al: Essential roles of high-mobility group box 1 in the development of murine colitis and colitis-associated cancer. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 360:394–400. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45. 

Sawa H, Ueda T, Takeyama Y, et al: Blockade of high mobility group box-1 protein attenuates experimental severe acute pancreatitis. World J Gastroenterol. 12:7666–7670. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

46. 

Ulloa L, Batliwalla FM, Andersson U, Gregersen PK and Tracey KJ: High mobility group box chromosomal protein 1 as a nuclear protein, cytokine, and potential therapeutic target in arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 48:876–881. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47. 

Watanabe T, Kubota S, Nagaya M, et al: The role of HMGB-1 on the development of necrosis during hepatic ischemia and hepatic ischemia/reperfusion injury in mice. J Surg Res. 124:59–66. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48. 

Yang R, Harada T, Mollen KP, et al: Anti-HMGB1 neutralizing antibody ameliorates gut barrier dysfunction and improves survival after hemorrhagic shock. Mol Med. 12:105–114. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49. 

Bianchi ME: DAMPs, PAMPs and alarmins: all we need to know about danger. J Leukocyte Biol. 81:1–5. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50. 

Oppenheim JJ and Yang D: Alarmins: chemotactic activators of immune responses. Curr Opin Immunol. 17:359–365. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

51. 

Esposito E, Genovese T, Caminiti R, Bramanti P, Meli R and Cuzzocrea S: Melatonin reduces stress-activated/mitogen-activated protein kinases in spinal cord injury. J Pineal Res. 46:79–86. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

52. 

Kawabata H, Setoguchi T, Yone K, et al: High mobility group box 1 is upregulated after spinal cord injury and is associated with neuronal cell apoptosis. Spine. 35:1109–1115. 2010.PubMed/NCBI

53. 

Huang Y, Xie K, Li J, et al: Beneficial effects of hydrogen gas against spinal cord ischemia-reperfusion injury in rabbits. Brain Res. 1378:125–136. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

54. 

Wang Q, Ding Q, Zhou Y, et al: Ethyl pyruvate attenuates spinal cord ischemic injury with a wide therapeutic window through inhibiting high-mobility group box 1 release in rabbits. Anesthesiology. 110:1279–1286. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

55. 

Faraco G, Fossati S, Bianchi ME, et al: High mobility group box 1 protein is released by neural cells upon different stresses and worsens ischemic neurodegeneration in vitro and in vivo. J Neurochem. 103:590–603. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

56. 

Crowe MJ, Bresnahan JC, Shuman SL, Masters JN and Beattie MS: Apoptosis and delayed degeneration after spinal cord injury in rats and monkeys. Nat Med. 3:73–76. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

57. 

Johnson LV, Leitner WP, Rivest AJ, Staples MK, Radeke MJ and Anderson DH: The Alzheimer’s A beta-peptide is deposited at sites of complement activation in pathologic deposits associated with aging and age-related macular degeneration. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 99:11830–11835. 2002.

58. 

Huang Y, Yin H, Han J, et al: Extracellular HMGB1 functions as an innate immune-mediator implicated in murine cardiac allograft acute rejection. Am J Transplant. 7:799–808. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

59. 

Moser B, Szabolcs MJ, Ankersmit HJ, et al: Blockade of RAGE suppresses alloimmune reactions in vitro and delays allograft rejection in murine heart transplantation. Am J Transplant. 7:293–302. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

60. 

Kao YH, Jawan B, Goto S, et al: High-mobility group box 1 protein activates hepatic stellate cells in vitro. Transplant Proc. 40:2704–2705. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

61. 

Matsuoka N, Itoh T, Watarai H, et al: High-mobility group box 1 is involved in the initial events of early loss of transplanted islets in mice. J Clin Invest. 120:735–743. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Kikuchi K, Uchikado H, Miura N, Morimoto Y, Ito T, Tancharoen S, Miyata K, Sakamoto R, Kikuchi C, Iida N, Iida N, et al: HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in spinal cord injury: A hypothesis for novel therapy development (Review). Exp Ther Med 2: 767-770, 2011.
APA
Kikuchi, K., Uchikado, H., Miura, N., Morimoto, Y., Ito, T., Tancharoen, S. ... Kawahara, K. (2011). HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in spinal cord injury: A hypothesis for novel therapy development (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2, 767-770. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.310
MLA
Kikuchi, K., Uchikado, H., Miura, N., Morimoto, Y., Ito, T., Tancharoen, S., Miyata, K., Sakamoto, R., Kikuchi, C., Iida, N., Shiomi, N., Kuramoto, T., Miyagi, N., Kawahara, K."HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in spinal cord injury: A hypothesis for novel therapy development (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2.5 (2011): 767-770.
Chicago
Kikuchi, K., Uchikado, H., Miura, N., Morimoto, Y., Ito, T., Tancharoen, S., Miyata, K., Sakamoto, R., Kikuchi, C., Iida, N., Shiomi, N., Kuramoto, T., Miyagi, N., Kawahara, K."HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in spinal cord injury: A hypothesis for novel therapy development (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2, no. 5 (2011): 767-770. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.310
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Kikuchi K, Uchikado H, Miura N, Morimoto Y, Ito T, Tancharoen S, Miyata K, Sakamoto R, Kikuchi C, Iida N, Iida N, et al: HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in spinal cord injury: A hypothesis for novel therapy development (Review). Exp Ther Med 2: 767-770, 2011.
APA
Kikuchi, K., Uchikado, H., Miura, N., Morimoto, Y., Ito, T., Tancharoen, S. ... Kawahara, K. (2011). HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in spinal cord injury: A hypothesis for novel therapy development (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 2, 767-770. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.310
MLA
Kikuchi, K., Uchikado, H., Miura, N., Morimoto, Y., Ito, T., Tancharoen, S., Miyata, K., Sakamoto, R., Kikuchi, C., Iida, N., Shiomi, N., Kuramoto, T., Miyagi, N., Kawahara, K."HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in spinal cord injury: A hypothesis for novel therapy development (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2.5 (2011): 767-770.
Chicago
Kikuchi, K., Uchikado, H., Miura, N., Morimoto, Y., Ito, T., Tancharoen, S., Miyata, K., Sakamoto, R., Kikuchi, C., Iida, N., Shiomi, N., Kuramoto, T., Miyagi, N., Kawahara, K."HMGB1 as a therapeutic target in spinal cord injury: A hypothesis for novel therapy development (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 2, no. 5 (2011): 767-770. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2011.310
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team