Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
February 2013 Volume 5 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February 2013 Volume 5 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Association of epidermal growth factor receptor and K‑Ras mutations with smoking history in non‑small cell lung cancer patients

  • Authors:
    • Onur Baykara
    • Merve Tansarikaya
    • Ahmet Demirkaya
    • Kamil Kaynak
    • Serhan Tanju
    • Alper Toker
    • Nur Buyru
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Medical Biology, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey, Department of Chest Diseases, Cerrahpasa Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Kocamustafapasa, Istanbul 34098, Turkey, Department of Chest Diseases, Istanbul Medical Faculty, Istanbul University, Capa, Istanbul 34093, Turkey
  • Pages: 495-498
    |
    Published online on: November 23, 2012
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.829
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Lung cancer, a major health problem affecting the epithelial lining of the lower respiratory tract, is considered to be one of the deadliest types of cancer in males and females and it is well‑known that smoking is the chief cause of lung cancer. In addition to smoking and environmental factors, genetic susceptibility may also contribute to the development of lung cancer. Previous studies have shown that certain non‑small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) patients harbor gain‑of‑function mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor gene (EGFR). Phosphorylated EGFR triggers the activation of intracellular signal transduction pathways, including the RAS‑MAPK, PI3K‑Akt and STAT pathways. However, K‑Ras gene point mutations in codons 12, 13 or 61 cause the inactivation of GTPase activity which results in overstimulation of cellular growth and gives rise to neoplastic development. Our aim was to investigate the presence and association of EGFR and K‑Ras mutations in 50 primary NSCLC patients with a smoking history by using real‑time PCR and sequencing. EGFR mutations were detected in four patients (8%). Two of these mutations were L858R mutations and the remaining two were deletion mutations spanning between codons 746 and 750. The L858R mutation was significantly associated with smoking status (P=0.003). K‑Ras codon 12 and 61 mutations were also observed in four patients. However, no association was observed between K‑Ras mutations and the tumor staging, gender, histology and smoking status of the patients.
View Figures
View References

1. 

Parkin DM, Bray F, Ferlay J and Pisani P: Estimating the world cancer burden: Globocan 2000. Int J Cancer. 94:153–156. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2. 

Flehinger BJ, Kimmel M, Polyak T and Melamed MR: Screening for lung cancer. The Mayo Lung Project revisited. Cancer. 72:1573–1580. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3. 

Strauss GM: Measuring effectiveness of lung cancer screening: from concensus to controversy and back. Chest. 112(Suppl 4): 216S–228S. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4. 

Amos CI, Xu W and Spitz MR: Is there a genetic basis for lung cancer susceptibility? Recent Results Cancer Res. 151:3–12. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5. 

Wood ME, Kelly K, Mullineaux LG and Bunn PA Jr: The inherited nature of lung cancer: a pilot study. Lung Cancer. 30:135–144. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6. 

Kopreski MS, Benko FA, Borys DJ, Khan A, McGarrity TJ and Gocke CD: Somatic mutation screening: identification of individuals harboring K-Ras mutations with the use of plasma DNA. J Natl Cancer Inst. 92:918–923. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7. 

Forgacs E, Zöchbauer-Müller S, Oláh E and Minna JD: Molecular genetic abnormalities in the pathogenesis of human lung cancer. Pathol Oncol Res. 7:6–13. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8. 

Kosaka T, Yatabe Y, Endoh H, Kuwano H, Takahashi T and Mitsudomi T: Mutations of the Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor gene in lung cancer: Biological and clinical implications. Cancer Res. 64:8919–8923. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar

9. 

Shigematsu H, Lin L, Takahashi T, Nomura M, Suzuki M, Wistuba II, Fong KM, et al: Clinical and biological features associated with epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations in lung cancers. J Natl Cancer Inst. 97:339–346. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10. 

Chang JW, Liu HP, Hsieh MH, Fang YF, Hsieh MS, Hsieh JJ, Chiu YT, et al: Increased epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene copy number is strongly associated with EGFR mutations and adenocarcinoma in non-small cell lung cancers: a chromogenic in situ hybridization study of 182 patients. Lung Cancer. 61:328–339. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11. 

Sasaki H, Endo K, Okuda K, Kawano O, Kitahara N, Tanaka H, Matsumura A, et al: Epidermal growth factor gene amplification and gefitinib sensitivity in patients with recurrent lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 134:569–577. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12. 

Giaccone G, Gallegos Ruiz M, Le Chevalier T, Thatcher N, Smit E, Rodriguez JA, Janne P, et al: Erlotinib for frontline treatment of advanced non-small cell lung cancer: a phase II study. Clin Cancer Res. 12:6049–6055. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13. 

Bos JL: ras oncogenes in human cancer: a review. Cancer Res. 49:4682–4689. 1989.PubMed/NCBI

14. 

Benvenuti S, Sartore-Bianchi A, Di Nicolantonio F, Zanon C, Moroni M, Veronese S, Siena S and Bardelli A: Oncogenic activation of the RAS/RAF signaling pathway impairs the response of metastatic colorectal cancers to anti-epidermal growth factor receptor antibody therapies. Cancer Res. 67:2643–2648. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

15. 

Oldenhuis CN, Oosting SF, Gietema JA and de Vries EG: Prognostic versus predictive value of biomarkers in oncology. Eur J Cancer. 44:946–53. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16. 

Linardou H, Dahabreh IJ, Kanaloupiti D, Siannis F, Bafaloukos D, Kosmidis P, Papadimitriou CA and Murray S: Assessment of somatic k-RAS mutations as a mechanism associated with resistance to EGFR-targeted agents: a systematic review and meta-analysis of studies in advanced non-small-cell lung cancer and metastatic colorectal cancer. Lancet Oncol. 9:962–972. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17. 

Sasaki H, Shimizu S, Okuda K, Kawano O, Yukiue H, Yano M and Fujii Y: Epidermal growth factor receptor gene amplification in surgical resected Japanese lung cancer. Lung Cancer. 64:295–300. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18. 

Pao W, Wang TY, Riely GJ, Miller VA, Pan Q, Ladanyi M, Zakowski MF, et al: KRAS mutations and primary resistance of lung adenocarcinomas to gefitinib or erlotinib. PLoS Med. 2:e172005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19. 

Hemming AW, Davis NL, Kluftinger A, Robinson B, Quenville NF, Liseman B and LeRiche J: Prognostic markers of colorectal cancer: an evaluation of DNA content, epidermal growth factor receptor, and Ki-67. J Surg Oncol. 51:147–152. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20. 

Pao W, Miller V, Zakowski M, Doherty J, Politi K, Sarkaria I, Singh B, et al: EGF receptor gene mutations are common in lung cancers from ‘never smokers’ and are associated with sensitivity of tumors to gefitinib and erlotinib. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:13306–13311. 2004.

21. 

Rusch V, Baselga J, Cordon-Cardo C, Orazem J, Zaman M, Hoda S, McIntosh J, et al: Differential expression of the epidermal growth factor receptor and its ligands in primary non-small cell lung cancers and adjacent benign lung. Cancer Res. 53(Suppl 10): 2379–2385. 1993.PubMed/NCBI

22. 

Ciardiello F and Tortora G: EGFR antagonists in cancer treatment. N Engl J Med. 358:1160–1174. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23. 

Le Calvez F, Mukeria A, Hunt JD, Kelm O, Hung RJ, Tanière P, Brennan P, Boffetta P, et al: TP53 and KRAS mutation load and types in lung cancers in relation to tobacco smoke: distinct patterns in never, former, and current smokers. Cancer Res. 65:5076–5083. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

24. 

Tam IY, Chung LP, Suen WS, Wang E, Wong MC, Ho KK, Lam WK, et al: Distinct epidermal growth factor receptor and KRAS mutation patterns in non-small cell lung cancer patients with different tobacco exposure and clinicopathologic features. Clin Cancer Res. 12:1647–1653. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25. 

Lynch TJ, Bell DW, Sordella R, Gurubhagavatula S, Okimoto RA, Brannigan BW, Harris PL, et al: Activating mutations in the epidermal growth factor receptor underlying responsiveness of non-small-cell lung cancer to gefitinib. N Engl J Med. 350:2129–2139. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26. 

Paez JG, Jänne PA, Lee JC, Tracy S, Greulich H, Gabriel S, Herman P, et al: EGFR mutations in lung cancer: correlation with clinical response to gefitinib therapy. Science. 304:1497–1500. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27. 

Sugio K, Uramoto H, Ono K, Oyama T, Hanagiri T, Sugaya M, Ichiki M, et al: Mutations within the tyrosine kinase domain of EGFR gene specifically occur in lung adenocarcinoma patients with a low exposure of tobacco smoking. Br J Cancer. 94:896–903. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28. 

Tokumo M, Toyooka S, Kiura K, Shigematsu H, Tomii K, Aoe M, Ichimura K, et al: The relationship between epidermal growth factor receptor mutations and clinicopathologic features in non-small cell lung cancers. Clin Cancer Res. 11:1167–1173. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

29. 

Pham D, Kris MG, Riely GJ, Sarkaria IS, McDonough T, Chuai S, Venkatraman ES, et al: Use of cigarette-smoking history to estimate the likelihood of mutations in epidermal growth factor receptor gene exons 19 and 21 in lung adenocarcinomas. J Clin Oncol. 24:1700–1704. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30. 

Lee YJ, Shim HS, Kang YA, Hong SJ, Kim HK, Kim H, Kim SK, et al: Dose effect of cigarette smoking on frequency and spectrum of epidermal growth factor receptor gene mutations in Korean patients with non-small cell lung cancer. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol. 136:1937–1944. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31. 

Mitsudomi T, Kosaka T, Endoh H, Horio Y, Hida T, Mori S, et al: Mutations of the epidermal growth factor receptor gene predict prolonged survival after gefitinib treatment in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer with postoperative recurrence. J Clin Oncol. 23:2513–2520. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

32. 

Samowitz WS, Curtin K, Schaffer D, Robertson M, Leppert M and Slattery ML: Relationship of Ki-ras mutations in colon cancers to tumor location, stage, and survival: a population-based study. Cancer Epidemiol Biomarkers Prev. 9:1193–1197. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

33. 

Keller JW, Franklin JL, Graves-Deal R, Friedman DB, Whitwell CW and Coffey RJ: Oncogenic KRAS provides a uniquely powerful and variable oncogenic contribution among RAS family members in the colonic epithelium. J Cell Physiol. 210:740–749. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34. 

Wang JY, Wang YH, Jao SW, Lu CY, Kuo CH, Hu HM, Hsieh JS, et al: Molecular mechanisms underlying the tumorigenesis of colorectal adenomas: correlation to activated K-Ras oncogene. Oncol Rep. 16:1245–1252. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

35. 

Pfeifer GP, Denissenko MF, Olivier M, Tretyakova N, Hecht SS and Hainaut P: Tobacco smoke carcinogenesis, DNA damage and p53 mutations in smoking-associated cancers. Oncogene. 21:7435–7451. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36. 

Pines G, Köstler WJ and Yarden Y: Oncogenic mutant forms of EGFR: lessons in signal transduction and targets for cancer therapy. FEBS Lett. 584:2699–2706. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37. 

Schmid K, Oehl N, Wrba F, Pirker R, Pirker C and Filipits M: EGFR/KRAS/BRAF mutations in primary lung adenocarcinomas and corresponding locoregional lymph node metastases. Clin Cancer Res. 15:4554–4560. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38. 

Han SW, Kim TY, Jeon YK, Hwang PG, Im SA, Lee KH, Kim JH, et al: Optimization of patient selection for gefitinib in non-small cell lung cancer by combined analysis of epidermal growth factor receptor mutation, K-Ras mutation, and Akt phosphorylation. Clin Cancer Res. 12:2538–2544. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39. 

van Zandwijk N, Mathy A, Boerrigter L, Ruijter H, Tielen I, de Jong D, Baas P, et al: EGFR and KRAS mutations as criteria for treatment with tyrosine kinase inhibitors: retro- and prospective observations in non-small-cell lung cancer. Ann Oncol. 18:99–103. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

40. 

Massarelli E, Varella-Garcia M, Tang X, Xavier AC, Ozburn NC, Liu DD, Bekele BN, et al: KRAS mutation is an important predictor of resistance to therapy with epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors in non-small-cell lung cancer. Clin Cancer Res. 13:2890–2896. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41. 

Yamanaka S, Gu Z, Sato M, Fujisaki R, Inomata K, Sakurada A, Inoue A, et al: siRNA targeting against EGFR, a promising candidate for a novel therapeutic application to lung adenocarcinoma. Pathobiology. 75:2–8. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Baykara O, Tansarikaya M, Demirkaya A, Kaynak K, Tanju S, Toker A and Buyru N: Association of epidermal growth factor receptor and K‑Ras mutations with smoking history in non‑small cell lung cancer patients. Exp Ther Med 5: 495-498, 2013.
APA
Baykara, O., Tansarikaya, M., Demirkaya, A., Kaynak, K., Tanju, S., Toker, A., & Buyru, N. (2013). Association of epidermal growth factor receptor and K‑Ras mutations with smoking history in non‑small cell lung cancer patients. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 5, 495-498. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.829
MLA
Baykara, O., Tansarikaya, M., Demirkaya, A., Kaynak, K., Tanju, S., Toker, A., Buyru, N."Association of epidermal growth factor receptor and K‑Ras mutations with smoking history in non‑small cell lung cancer patients". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 5.2 (2013): 495-498.
Chicago
Baykara, O., Tansarikaya, M., Demirkaya, A., Kaynak, K., Tanju, S., Toker, A., Buyru, N."Association of epidermal growth factor receptor and K‑Ras mutations with smoking history in non‑small cell lung cancer patients". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 5, no. 2 (2013): 495-498. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.829
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Baykara O, Tansarikaya M, Demirkaya A, Kaynak K, Tanju S, Toker A and Buyru N: Association of epidermal growth factor receptor and K‑Ras mutations with smoking history in non‑small cell lung cancer patients. Exp Ther Med 5: 495-498, 2013.
APA
Baykara, O., Tansarikaya, M., Demirkaya, A., Kaynak, K., Tanju, S., Toker, A., & Buyru, N. (2013). Association of epidermal growth factor receptor and K‑Ras mutations with smoking history in non‑small cell lung cancer patients. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 5, 495-498. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.829
MLA
Baykara, O., Tansarikaya, M., Demirkaya, A., Kaynak, K., Tanju, S., Toker, A., Buyru, N."Association of epidermal growth factor receptor and K‑Ras mutations with smoking history in non‑small cell lung cancer patients". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 5.2 (2013): 495-498.
Chicago
Baykara, O., Tansarikaya, M., Demirkaya, A., Kaynak, K., Tanju, S., Toker, A., Buyru, N."Association of epidermal growth factor receptor and K‑Ras mutations with smoking history in non‑small cell lung cancer patients". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 5, no. 2 (2013): 495-498. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.829
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team