Screening for urinary biomarkers of steroid‑resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Bai,Yongqi; Liu,Wenjun; Guo,Qulian; Zou,Yan

doi:10.3892/etm.2012.875

Screening for urinary biomarkers of steroid‑resistant nephrotic syndrome in children

Authors:
- Yongqi Bai
- Wenjun Liu
- Qulian Guo
- Yan Zou
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Pediatrics, Affiliated Hospital of Luzhou Medical College, Luzhou, Sichuan 646000, P.R. China
Published online on: December 21, 2012 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2012.875
Pages: 860-864

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The present study aimed to screen for urinary biomarkers of steroid‑resistant nephrotic syndrome (SRNS) in children. These biomarkers were divided into three groups, the control, the steroid‑sensitive nephrotic syndrome (SSNS) and the SRNS groups, which were composed of 45, 32 and 9 children, respectively. Urine samples were obtained and analyzed using Au‑chips. Compared with the control group, the peak intensities of four proteins, measured using mass‑to‑charge ratios, were significantly increased in the primary nephrotic syndrome (PNS; SSNS and SRNS combined) group (P<0.01). The intensity of three and one peaks increased significantly in the SSNS and SRNS groups, respectively, compared with the control (P<0.01). Compared with the SRNS group, the intensity of one protein peak increased in the SSNS group (P<0.01). The diagnostic model was established based on these four protein peaks. The sensitivity and specificity of the model were 88.89 and 93.75%, respectively. Four differentially expressed proteins may consequently serve as urinary biomarkers for SRNS in children.

View Figures

View References

1.	Hogg RJ, Portman RJ, Milliner D, Lemley KV, Eddy A and Ingelfinger J: Evaluation and management of proteinuria and nephrotic syndrome in children: recommendations from a pediatric nephrology panel established at the National Kidney Foundation conference on proteinuria, albuminuria, risk, assessment, detection, and elimination (PARADE). Pediatrics. 105:1242–1249. 2000.
2.	Otukesh H, Otukesh S, Mojtahedzadeh M, et al: Management and outcome of steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. Iran J Kidney Dis. 3:210–217. 2009.PubMed/NCBI
3.	Charmandari E, Raji A, Kino T, et al: A novel point mutation in the ligand-binding domain (LBD) of the human glucocorticoid receptor (hGR) causing generalized glucocorticoid resistance: the importance of the C terminus of hGR LBD in conferring transactivational activity. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 90:3696–3705. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar
4.	Ruiz M, Lind U, Gåfvels M, et al: Characterization of two novel mutations in the glucocorticoid receptor gene in patients with primary cortisol resistance. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 55:363–371. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5.	Mir S, Yavascan O, Berdeli A and Sozeri B: TRPC6 gene variants in Turkish children with steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 27:205–209. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6.	Mbarek IB, Abroug S, Omezzine A, et al: Novel mutations in steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome diagnosed in Tunisian children. Pediatr Nephrol. 26:241–249. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7.	Bhimma R, Coovadia HM and Adhikari M: Nephrotic syndrome in South African children: changing perspectives over 20 years. Pediatr Nephrol. 11:429–434. 1997.PubMed/NCBI
8.	Wasilewska A, Zalewski G, Chyczewski L and Zoch-Zwierz W: MDR-1 gene polymorphisms and clinical course of steroid-responsive nephrotic syndrome in children. Pediatr Nephrol. 22:44–51. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9.	Jafar T, Prasad N, Agarwal V, et al: MDR-1 gene polymorphisms in steroid-responsive versus steroid-resistant nephrotic syndrome in children. Nephrol Dial Transplant. 26:3968–3974. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10.	Traum AZ: Urine proteomic profiling to identify biomarkers of steroid resistance in pediatric nephrotic syndrome. Expert Rev Proteomics. 5:715–719. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11.	Kim MJ, Frankel AH and Tam FW: Urine proteomics and biomarkers in renal disease. Nephron Exp Nephrol. 119:e1–e7. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12.	Siew ED, Ware LB and Ikizler TA: Biological markers of acute kidney injury. J Am Soc Nephrol. 22:810–820. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13.	Albalat A, Mischak H and Mullen W: Urine proteomics in clinical applications: technologies, principal considerations and clinical implementation. Prilozi. 32:13–44. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
14.	Shao C, Wang Y and Gao Y: Applications of urinary proteomics in biomarker discovery. Sci China Life Sci. 54:409–417. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15.	Mischak H, Delles C, Klein J and Schanstra JP: Urinary proteomics based on capillary electrophoresis-coupled mass spectrometry in kidney disease: discovery and validation of biomarkers, and clinical application. Adv Chronic Kidney Dis. 17:493–506. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar
16.	Pejcic M, Stojnev S and Stefanovic V: Urinary proteomics - a tool for biomarker discovery. Ren Fail. 32:259–268. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17.	Wu J, Chen YD and Gu W: Urinary proteomics as a novel tool for biomarker discovery in kidney diseases. J Zhejiang Univ Sci B. 11:227–237. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18.	Carty DM, Siwy J, Brennand JE, et al: Urinary proteomics for prediction of preeclampsia. Hypertension. 57:561–569. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19.	Schiffer E, Vlahou A, Petrolekas A, et al: Prediction of muscle-invasive bladder cancer using urinary proteomics. Clin Cancer Res. 15:4935–4943. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20.	Rossing K, Mischak H, Dakna M, et al: Urinary proteomics in diabetes and CKD. J Am Soc Nephrol. 19:1283–1290. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI