Use of a calcium tracer to detect stone increments in a rat calcium oxalate xenoplantation model

Wang,Shuo; Xu,Qingquan; Huang,Xiaobo; Lin,Jingxing; Wang,Jinxing; Wang,Xiaofeng

doi:10.3892/etm.2013.1233

October 2013 Volume 6 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

October 2013 Volume 6 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Article

Use of a calcium tracer to detect stone increments in a rat calcium oxalate xenoplantation model

Authors:
- Shuo Wang
- Qingquan Xu
- Xiaobo Huang
- Jingxing Lin
- Jinxing Wang
- Xiaofeng Wang
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Department of Urology, Peking University People's Hospital, Beijing 100044, P.R. China, Institute of Geology, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Beijing 100037, P.R. China
Pages: 957-960
|
Published online on: July 24, 2013

https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1233
Expand metrics +

Abstract

The majority of urinary stones have been observed to grow by circular increments in the clinic and in animal studies. However, the mechanism of stone formation has not yet been elucidated. Marking the stone at specific time‑points during the growth of the stone is likely to enable the clarification of the mechanisms behind lithogenesis. The objective of this study was to evaluate the role and efficacy of calcium‑tracing fluorescence in the labeling of stone lamination in a rat calcium oxalate xenoplantation model. In the rat calcium oxalate xenoplantation model, human renal stone particles, extracted by percutaneous nephrolithotomy, were xenoplanted into the bladders of Wistar rats in a sterile manner. The rats received 1% ethylene glycol in their drinking water, starting from the day following the stone xenoplantation. Two weeks subsequent to this, three calcium‑tracing fluorochromes, alizarin complexone, calcein and xylenol orange were administered by intraperitoneal injection. The newly‑formed bladder stones were cut into slices and examined using light and fluorescence microscopy. The newly‑formed bladder stones had a large variance in size, and circular increments were observed in the sections of the stones. The stones were successfully labeled with calcein and alizarin complexone, although calcein labeling provided superior results. However, the use of xylenol orange did not result in clear labeling. The calcium‑tracing fluorochromes, calcein and alizarin complexone may be effectively used to label stone lamination in rat models.

View Figures

View References

1.	Ljunghall S: Renal stone disease. Studies of epidemiology and calcium metabolism. Scand J Urol Nephrol. 1–96. 1977.PubMed/NCBI
2.	Pak CY, Resnick MI and Preminger GM: Ethnic and geographic diversity of stone disease. Urology. 50:504–507. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3.	Tiselius HG: Metabolic evaluation and therapy. Curr Opin Urol. 10:545–549. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar
4.	Stamatelou KK, Francis ME, Jones CA, Nyberg LM and Curhan GC: Time trends in reported prevalence of kidney stones in the United States: 1976–1994. Kidney Int. 63:1817–1823. 2003.PubMed/NCBI
5.	Finlayson B: Symposium on renal lithiasis. Renal lithiasis in review. Urol Clin North Am. 1:181–212. 1974.PubMed/NCBI
6.	Sun C: Epidemiology of urinary stone. Wu Jieping’s Urology. Wu J: Shandong Science & Technology Press; Jinan: pp. 745–747. 2005, (In Chinese).
7.	Saito T, Kaga T, Seki J and Otake T: Otolith microstructure of chum salmon Oncorhynchus keta: formation of sea entry check and daily depositon of otolith increments in seawater conditions. Fish Sci. 73:27–37. 2007.
8.	Coe FL, Parks JH and Asplin JR: The pathogenesis and treatment of kidney stones. N Engl J Med. 327:1141–1152. 1992. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9.	Levy FL, Adams-Huet B and Pak CY: Ambulatory evaluation of nephrolithiasis: an update of a 1980 protocol. Am J Med. 98:50–59. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar
10.	Pautke C, Tischer T, Vogt S, et al: New advances in fluorochrome sequential labelling of teeth using seven different fluorochromes and spectral image analysis. J Anat. 210:117–121. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar
11.	Barbas C, García A, Saavedra L and Muros M: Urinary analysis of nephrolithiasis markers. J Chromatogr B Analyt Technol Biomed Life Sci. 781:433–455. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar
12.	Bihl G and Meyers A: Recurrent renal stone disease - advances in pathogenesis and clinical management. Lancet. 358:651–656. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13.	Ramello A, Vitale C and Marangella M: Epidemiology of nephrolithiasis. J Nephrol. 13(Suppl 3): S45–S50. 2000.
14.	Khan SR and Hackett RL: Urolithogenesis of mixed foreign body stones. J Urol. 138:1321–1328. 1987.
15.	Murphy BT and Pyrah LN: The composition, structure, and mechanisms of the formation of urinary calculi. Br J Urol. 34:129–159. 1962. View Article : Google Scholar
16.	Lee TC, Mohsin S and Taylor D: Detecting microdamage in bone. J Anat. 2003:161–172. 2003.
17.	Nkenke E, Kloss F, Wiltfang J, et al: Histomorphometric and fluorescence microscopic analysis of bone remodelling after installation of implants using an osteotome technique. Clin Oral Implants Res. 13:595–602. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18.	O’Brien FJ, Taylor D and Lee TC: An improved labelling technique for monitoring microcrack growth in compact bone. J Biomech. 35:523–526. 2002.PubMed/NCBI
19.	Figueiredo JL, Passerotti CC, Sponholtz T, Nguyen HT and Weissleder R: A novel method of imaging calcium urolithiasis using fluorescence. J Urol. 179:1610–1614. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20.	Khan SR: Animal models of kidney stone formation: an analysis. World J Urol. 15:236–243. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Use of a calcium tracer to detect stone increments in a rat calcium oxalate xenoplantation model

This article is mentioned in:

Abstract

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Related Articles