Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
November 2013 Volume 6 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November 2013 Volume 6 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Insulinization: A promising strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus

  • Authors:
    • Guo Lian
    • Xu Yue
    • Zhang Xianxiang
    • Luo Yong
    • Liu Weijuan
    • Chen Bing
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Endocrinology, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China, Department of Emergency, Chongqing Three Gorges Central Hospital, Chongqing 404000, P.R. China, Department of Endocrinology, Southwest Hospital, Third Military Medical University, Chongqing 400038, P.R. China
  • Pages: 1300-1306
    |
    Published online on: September 13, 2013
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1300
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present study was to assess the efficiency of the long‑term use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII), a novel regimen known as insulinization, for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. A total of 150 subjects who fulfilled the diagnostic criteria for type 2 diabetes were included in the study. The patients were divided into eight groups according to the treatment regimens they received and were monitored for 3 months. Insulin doses were adjusted to optimize glycemic control with the simplest possible insulin regimen. The outcomes studied included the time required for glycemic control and insulin dose reduction, the total daily insulin dose, the ratio of patients not requiring the administration of oral antidiabetic drugs (OADs), the rate of hypoglycemia, and hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) and fasting plasma insulin (FinS) levels. Patients receiving insulinization required less time to achieve optimal glycemic control and insulin decrement compared with patients receiving other treatments. The total daily insulin dose for patients receiving insulinization therapy was 0.23±0.07 U/kg/day, which was lower than that in any other group. In patients receiving insulinization, the ratio of patients that did not require OADs (43.3%) and the concentration of FinS A were higher than those in the other groups. Furthermore, insulinization resulted in a greater reduction in HbA1c levels, as well as a reduced incidence of severe hypoglycemia. Insulinization may mimic physiological insulin secretion more effectively than other therapies. This regimen is more efficient and reduces the incidence of hypoglycemia in patients with type 2 diabetes, indicating that it is likely to be a promising treatment strategy for the disease.
View Figures
View References

1. 

Froguel P, Zouali H, Vionnet N, Velho G, Vaxillaire M, Sun F, Lesage S, Stoffel M, Takeda J, Passa P, et al: Familial hyperglycemia due to mutations in glucokinase. Definition of a subtype of diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 328:697–702. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2. 

Defronzo RA: Banting Lecture. From the triumvirate to the ominous octet: a new paradigm for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Diabetes. 58:773–795. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3. 

Stumvoll M, Goldstein BJ and van Haeften TW: Type 2 diabetes: principles of pathogenesis and therapy. Lancet. 365:1333–1346. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4. 

Kahn SE, Hull RL and Utzschneider KM: Mechanisms linking obesity to insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. Nature. 444:840–846. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5. 

Green A, Christian Hirsch N and Pramming SK: The changing world demography of type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Metab Res Rev. 19:3–7. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6. 

Norris SL, Zhang X, Avenell A, Gregg E, Brown TJ, Schmid CH and Lau J: Long-term non-pharmacologic weight loss interventions for adults with type 2 diabetes. Cochrane Database Syst Rev. 2:CD0040952005.PubMed/NCBI

7. 

Ripsin CM, Kang H and Urban RJ: Management of blood glucose in type 2 diabetes mellitus. Am Fam Physician. 79:29–36. 2009.PubMed/NCBI

8. 

Edelman SV, Bode BW, Bailey TS, Kipnes MS, Brunelle R, Chen X and Frias JP: Insulin pump therapy in patients with type 2 diabetes safely improved glycemic control using a simple insulin dosing regimen. Diabetes Technol Ther. 12:627–633. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9. 

Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, Ferrannini E, Holman RR, Sherwin R and Zinman B: Management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: update regarding thiazolidinediones: a consensus statement from the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 31:173–175. 2008.

10. 

Brunton S: Insulin delivery systems: reducing barriers to insulin therapy and advancing diabetes mellitus treatment. Am J Med. 121(Suppl): S35–S41. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11. 

Pickup J, Mattock M and Kerry S: Glycaemic control with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with intensive insulin injections in patients with type 1 diabetes: meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials. BMJ. 324:7052002. View Article : Google Scholar

12. 

Pickup JC and Sutton AJ: Severe hypoglycaemia and glycaemic control in Type 1 diabetes: meta-analysis of multiple daily insulin injections compared with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion. Diabet Med. 25:765–774. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar

13. 

Bode BW, Steed RD and Davidson PC: Reduction in severe hypoglycemia with long-term continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion in type I diabetes. Diabetes Care. 19:324–327. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14. 

Leiter LA; The Diabetes Control and Complications Trial Research Group: Use of bioelectrical impedance analysis measurements in patients with diabetes. Am J Clin Nutr. 64(Suppl): 515S–518S. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

15. 

Herman WH, Ilag LL, Johnson SL, Martin CL, Sinding J, Al Harthi A, Plunkett CD, LaPorte FB, Burke R, Brown MB, Halter JB and Raskin P: A clinical trial of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion versus multiple daily injections in older adults with type 2 diabetes. Diabetes Care. 28:1568–1573. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16. 

Saudek CD, Duckworth WC, Giobbie-Hurder A, Henderson WG, Henry RR, Kelley DE, Edelman SV, Zieve FJ, Adler RA, Anderson JW, Anderson RJ, Hamilton BP, Donner TW, Kirkman MS and Morgan NA; Department of Veterans Affairs Implantable Insulin Pump Study Group: Implantable insulin pump vs multiple-dose insulin for non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus: a randomized clinical trial. JAMA. 276:1322–1327. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17. 

Valensi P, Moura I, Le Magoarou M, Pariès J, Perret G and Attali JR: Short-term effects of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion treatment on insulin secretion in non-insulin-dependent overweight patients with poor glycaemic control despite maximal oral anti-diabetic treatment. Diabetes Metab. 23:51–57. 1997.

18. 

DeVries JH, Snoek FJ, Kostense PJ, Masurel N and Heine RJ; Dutch Insulin Pump Study Group: A randomized trial of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and intensive injection therapy in type 1 diabetes for patients with long-standing poor glycemic control. Diabetes Care. 25:2074–2080. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar

19. 

Hanaire-Broutin H, Melki V, Bessières-Lacombe S and Tauber JP; The Study Group for the Development of Pump Therapy in Diabetes: Comparison of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily injection regimens using insulin lispro in type 1 diabetic patients on intensified treatment: a randomized study. Diabetes Care. 23:1232–1235. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

20. 

Raskin P, Bode BW, Marks JB, Hirsch IB, Weinstein RL, McGill JB, Peterson GE, Mudaliar SR and Reinhardt RR: Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion and multiple daily injection therapy are equally effective in type 2 diabetes: a randomized, parallel-group, 24-week study. Diabetes Care. 26:2598–2603. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

21. 

García-García E, Galera R, Aguilera P, Cara G and Bonillo A: Long-term use of continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion compared with multiple daily injections of glargine in pediatric patients. J Pediatr Endocrinol Metab. 20:37–40. 2007.PubMed/NCBI

22. 

Sun WL, Chen LL, Zhang SZ, Wu YM, Ren YZ and Qin GM: Inflammatory cytokines, adiponectin, insulin resistance and metabolic control after periodontal intervention in patients with type 2 diabetes and chronic periodontitis. Intern Med. 50:1569–1574. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar

23. 

Gorden P, Hendricks CM and Roth J: Circulating proinsulin-like component in man: increased proportion in hypoinsulinemic states. Diabetologia. 10:469–474. 1974. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24. 

Larsen ML, Hørder M and Mogensen EF: Effect of long-term monitoring of glycosylated hemoglobin levels in insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus. N Engl J Med. 323:1021–1025. 1990. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25. 

Nathan DM, Buse JB, Davidson MB, Ferrannini E, Holman RR, Sherwin R and Zinman B; American Diabetes Association; European Association for Study of Diabetes: Medical management of hyperglycemia in type 2 diabetes: a consensus algorithm for the initiation and adjustment of therapy: a consensus statement of the American Diabetes Association and the European Association for the Study of Diabetes. Diabetes Care. 32:193–203. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

26. 

Ceriello A: Postprandial hyperglycemia and diabetes complications: is it time to treat? Diabetes. 54:1–7. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27. 

Hirsch IB and Brownlee M: Should minimal blood glucose variability become the gold standard of glycemic control? J Diabetes Complications. 19:178–181. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28. 

Cryer PE: The barrier of hypoglycemia in diabetes. Diabetes. 57:3169–3176. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29. 

Gerstein HC, Miller ME, Byington RP, Goff DC Jr, Bigger JT, Buse JB, Cushman WC, Genuth S, Ismail-Beigi F, Grimm RH Jr, Probstfield JL, Simons-Morton DG and Friedewald WT: Effects of intensive glucose lowering in type 2 diabetes. N Engl J Med. 358:2545–2559. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30. 

Zammitt NN and Frier BM: Hypoglycemia in type 2 diabetes: pathophysiology, frequency, and effects of different treatment modalities. Diabetes Care. 28:2948–2961. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31. 

Zhang L, Gianani R, Nakayama M, Liu E, Kobayashi M, Baschal E, Yu L, Babu S, Dawson A, Johnson K, Jahromi M, Aly T, Fain P, Barker J, Rewers M and Eisenbarth GS: Type 1 diabetes: chronic progressive autoimmune disease. Novartis Found Symp. 292:85–98. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32. 

Ligthelm R and Davidson J: Initiating insulin in primary care - the role of modern premixed formulations. Prim Care Diabetes. 2:9–16. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33. 

Zinman B: Initial combination therapy for type 2 diabetes mellitus: is it ready for prime time? Am J Med. 124(Suppl): S19–S34. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34. 

Ye RG and Lu ZY: Organophosphorus intoxication. Department of Internal Medicine. 6th edition. People’s Medical Publishing House; Beijing, China: pp. 961–967. 2003

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Lian G, Yue X, Xianxiang Z, Yong L, Weijuan L and Bing C: Insulinization: A promising strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 6: 1300-1306, 2013.
APA
Lian, G., Yue, X., Xianxiang, Z., Yong, L., Weijuan, L., & Bing, C. (2013). Insulinization: A promising strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 6, 1300-1306. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1300
MLA
Lian, G., Yue, X., Xianxiang, Z., Yong, L., Weijuan, L., Bing, C."Insulinization: A promising strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 6.5 (2013): 1300-1306.
Chicago
Lian, G., Yue, X., Xianxiang, Z., Yong, L., Weijuan, L., Bing, C."Insulinization: A promising strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 6, no. 5 (2013): 1300-1306. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1300
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Lian G, Yue X, Xianxiang Z, Yong L, Weijuan L and Bing C: Insulinization: A promising strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exp Ther Med 6: 1300-1306, 2013.
APA
Lian, G., Yue, X., Xianxiang, Z., Yong, L., Weijuan, L., & Bing, C. (2013). Insulinization: A promising strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 6, 1300-1306. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1300
MLA
Lian, G., Yue, X., Xianxiang, Z., Yong, L., Weijuan, L., Bing, C."Insulinization: A promising strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 6.5 (2013): 1300-1306.
Chicago
Lian, G., Yue, X., Xianxiang, Z., Yong, L., Weijuan, L., Bing, C."Insulinization: A promising strategy for the treatment of type 2 diabetes mellitus". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 6, no. 5 (2013): 1300-1306. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.1300
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team