Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract inhibits the inflammatory response by suppressing the NF-κB and toll-like receptor pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells

Yoon,Hyun-Min; Jang,Kyung-Jun; Han,Min  Seok; Jeong,Jin-Woo; Kim,Gi  Young; Lee,Jai-Heon; Choi,Yung   Hyun

doi:10.3892/etm.2013.895

Ganoderma lucidum ethanol extract inhibits the inflammatory response by suppressing the NF-κB and toll-like receptor pathways in lipopolysaccharide-stimulated BV2 microglial cells

Authors:
- Hyun-Min Yoon
- Kyung-Jun Jang
- Min Seok Han
- Jin-Woo Jeong
- Gi Young Kim
- Jai-Heon Lee
- Yung Hyun Choi
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Affiliations: Department of Acupuncture and Moxibustion, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea, Department of Biochemistry, Dongeui University College of Oriental Medicine, Busan 614-052, Republic of Korea, Faculty of Applied Marine Science, Cheju National University, Jeju 690-756, Republic of Korea, College of Natural Resources and Life Science, BK21 Center for Silver-Bio Industrialization, Dong-A University, Busan 604-714, Republic of Korea
Published online on: January 15, 2013 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2013.895
Pages: 957-963

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Abstract

Ganoderma lucidum is a traditional Oriental medicine that has been widely used as a tonic to promote longevity and health in Korea and other Asian countries. Although a great deal of work has been carried out on the therapeutic potential of this mushroom, the pharmacological mechanisms of its anti-inflammatory actions remain unclear. In this study, we evaluated the inhibitory effects of G. lucidum ethanol extract (EGL) on the production of inflammatory mediators and cytokines in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated murine BV2 microglia. We also investigated the effects of EGL on the LPS-induced activation of nuclear factor kappaB (NF-κB) and upregulation of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) and myeloid differentiation factor 88 (MyD88). Elevated levels of nitric oxide (NO), prostaglandin E2 (PGE2) and pro-inflammatory cytokine production were detected in BV2 microglia following LPS stimulation. We identifed that EGL significantly inhibits the excessive production of NO, PGE2 and pro-inflammatory cytokines, including interleukin (IL)-1β and tumor necrosis factor-α in a concentration-dependent manner without causing cytotoxicity. In addition, EGL suppressed NF-κB translocation and transcriptional activity by blocking IκB degradation and inhibiting TLR4 and MyD88 expression in LPS-stimulated BV2 cells. Our results indicate that the inhibitory effects of EGL on LPS-stimulated inflammatory responses in BV2 microglia are associated with the suppression of the NF-κB and TLR signaling pathways. Therefore, EGL may be useful in the treatment of neurodegenerative diseases by inhibiting inflammatory mediator responses in activated microglia.

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