Astragaloside IV inhibits platelet‑derived growth factor‑BB‑stimulated proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via the inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2023.12250

Chen,Zhuo; Cai,Ying; Zhang,Wenliang; Liu,Xinzhou; Liu,Suixin

doi:10.3892/etm.2014.1905

Astragaloside IV inhibits platelet‑derived growth factor‑BB‑stimulated proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via the inhibition of p38 MAPK signaling

Retraction in: /10.3892/etm.2023.12250

Authors:
- Zhuo Chen
- Ying Cai
- Wenliang Zhang
- Xinzhou Liu
- Suixin Liu
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Cardiac Rehabilitation Center, Department of Rehabilitation, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University, Changsha, Hunan 410008, P.R. China
Published online on: August 14, 2014 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.1905
Pages: 1253-1258

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

Astragaloside IV (AS‑IV), the major active component extracted from Astragalus membranaceus, has been demonstrated to exhibit protective effects on the cardiovascular, immune, digestive and nervous systems; thus, has been widely used in traditional Chinese medicine. Abnormal proliferation and migration of vascular smooth muscle cells (VSMCs) is closely associated with the initiation and progression of cardiovascular diseases, including atherosclerosis and restenosis. However, the effects of AS‑IV on VSMCs remain unknown. For the first time, the present study demonstrated that AS‑IV markedly suppressed platelet‑derived growth factor (PDGF)‑BB‑stimulated cellular proliferation and migration of HDMEC‑a human dermal VSMCs (HDVSMCs). Further investigation into the underlying molecular mechanisms demonstrated that the administration of AS‑IV attenuated the PDGF‑BB‑stimulated switch of HDVSMCs into a proliferative phenotype. Furthermore, AS‑IV inhibited the PDGF‑BB‑induced expression of cell cycle‑associated proteins, as well as the upregulation of matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)2, but not MMP9. In addition, AS‑IV was shown to downregulate the activation of p38 mitogen‑activated protein kinase (MAPK) signaling induced by PDGF‑BB in HDVSMCs. Therefore, the observations of the present study indicate that AS‑IV inhibits PDGF‑BB‑stimulated VSMC proliferation and migration, possibly by inhibiting the activation of the p38 MAPK signaling pathway. Thus, AS‑IV may be useful for the treatment of vascular diseases.

View Figures

View References

1	Ren S, Zhang H, Mu Y, Sun M and Liu P: Pharmacological effects of Astragaloside IV: a literature review. J Tradit Chin Med. 33:413–416. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Zhang Y, Hu G, Li S, et al: Pro-angiogenic activity of astragaloside IV in HUVECs in vitro and zebrafish in vivo. Mol Med Rep. 5:805–811. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
3	Zhang L, Liu Q, Lu L, Zhao X, Gao X and Wang Y: Astragaloside IV stimulates angiogenesis and increases hypoxia-inducible factor-1α accumulation via phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase/Akt pathway. J Pharmacol Exp Ther. 338:485–491. 2011.PubMed/NCBI
4	Wang SG, Xu Y, Chen JD, Yang CH and Chen XH: Astragaloside IV stimulates angiogenesis and increases nitric oxide accumulation via JAK2/STAT3 and ERK1/2 pathway. Molecules. 18:12809–12819. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Choe N, Kwon JS, Kim JR, et al: The microRNA miR-132 targets Lrrfip1 to block vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointimal hyperplasia. Atherosclerosis. 229:348–355. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Dong S, Xiong W, Yuan J, Li J, Liu J and Xu X: MiRNA-146a regulates the maturation and differentiation of vascular smooth muscle cells by targeting NF-kappaB expression. Mol Med Rep. 8:407–412. 2013.PubMed/NCBI
7	Lacolley P, Regnault V, Nicoletti A, Li Z and Michel JB: The vascular smooth muscle cell in arterial pathology: a cell that can take on multiple roles. Cardiovasc Res. 95:194–204. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Yang HM, Kim BK, Kim JY, et al: PPARγ modulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype via a protein kinase G-dependent pathway and reduces neointimal hyperplasia after vascular injury. Exp Mol Med. 45:e652013.
9	Chen J, Xu L and Huang C: DHEA inhibits vascular remodeling following arterial injury: a possible role in suppression of inflammation and oxidative stress derived from vascular smooth muscle cells. Mol Cell Biochem. 388:75–84. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
10	Pi Y, Zhang LL, Li BH, et al: Inhibition of reactive oxygen species generation attenuates TLR4-mediated proinflammatory and proliferative phenotype of vascular smooth muscle cells. Lab Invest. 93:880–887. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Yoo SH, Lim Y, Kim SJ, et al: Sulforaphane inhibits PDGF-induced proliferation of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cell by up-regulation of p53 leading to G1/S cell cycle arrest. Vascul Pharmacol. 59:44–51. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Donovan J, Abraham D and Norman J: Platelet-derived growth factor signaling in mesenchymal cells. Front Biosci (Landmark Ed). 18:106–119. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	Yang XP, Pei ZH and Ren J: Making up or breaking up: the tortuous role of platelet-derived growth factor in vascular ageing. Clin Exp Pharmacol Physiol. 36:739–747. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Martin-Garrido A, Williams HC, Lee M, et al: Transforming growth factor β inhibits platelet derived growth factor-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation via Akt-independent, Smad-mediated cyclin D1 downregulation. PLoS One. 8:e796572013.
15	Park ES, Kang SI, Yoo KD, et al: Camptothecin inhibits platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced proliferation of rat aortic vascular smooth muscle cells through inhibition of PI3K/Akt signaling pathway. Exp Cell Res. 319:982–991. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
16	Li FL, Li X, Wang YF, et al: Astragaloside IV downregulates β-catenin in rat keratinocytes to counter LiCl-induced inhibition of proliferation and migration. Evid Based Complement Alternat Med. 2012:9561072012.
17	Branchetti E, Poggio P, Sainger R, et al: Oxidative stress modulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype via CTGF in thoracic aortic aneurysm. Cardiovasc Res. 100:316–324. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
18	van der Veer EP, de Bruin RG, Kraaijeveld AO, et al: Quaking, an RNA-binding protein, is a critical regulator of vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype. Circ Res. 113:1065–1075. 2013.PubMed/NCBI
19	Gan J, Li P, Wang Z, et al: Rosuvastatin suppresses platelet-derived growth factor-BB-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via the MAPK signaling pathway. Exp Ther Med. 6:899–903. 2013.PubMed/NCBI
20	Salabei JK, Cummins TD, Singh M, Jones SP, Bhatnagar A and Hill BG: PDGF-mediated autophagy regulates vascular smooth muscle cell phenotype and resistance to oxidative stress. Biochem J. 451:375–388. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
21	Xiao Q, Zhang F, Grassia G, et al: Matrix metalloproteinase-8 promotes vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and neointima formation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 34:90–98. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
22	Karki R, Kim SB and Kim DW: Magnolol inhibits migration of vascular smooth muscle cells via cytoskeletal remodeling pathway to attenuate neointima formation. Exp Cell Res. 319:3238–3250. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
23	Guo J, Li L, Wu YJ, et al: Inhibitory effects of Brazilin on the vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration induced by PDGF-BB. Am J Chin Med. 41:1283–1296. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Risinger GM Jr, Updike DL, Bullen EC, Tomasek JJ and Howard EW: TGF-beta suppresses the upregulation of MMP-2 by vascular smooth muscle cells in response to PDGF-BB. Am J Physiol Cell Physiol. 298:C191–C201. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Karakiulakis G, Papakonstantinou E, Aletras AJ, Tamm M and Roth M: Cell type-specific effect of hypoxia and platelet-derived growth factor-BB on extracellular matrix turnover and its consequences for lung remodeling. J Biol Chem. 282:908–915. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
26	Han SG, Newsome B and Hennig B: Titanium dioxide nanoparticles increase inflammatory responses in vascular endothelial cells. Toxicology. 306:1–8. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Kanaji N, Nelson A, Wang X, et al: Differential roles of JNK, ERK1/2, and p38 mitogen-activated protein kinases on endothelial cell tissue repair functions in response to tumor necrosis factor-α. J Vasc Res. 50:145–156. 2013.PubMed/NCBI
28	Jiang F, Jiang R, Zhu X, Zhang X and Zhan Z: Genipin inhibits TNF-α-induced vascular smooth muscle cell proliferation and migration via induction of HO-1. PLoS One. 8:e748262013.
29	Cheng C, Haasdijk RA, Tempel D, et al: PDGF-induced migration of vascular smooth muscle cells is inhibited by heme oxygenase-1 via VEGFR2 upregulation and subsequent assembly of inactive VEGFR2/PDGFRβ heterodimers. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol. 32:1289–1298. 2012.PubMed/NCBI
30	Hu Y, Cheng P, Ma JC, Xue YX and Liu YH: Platelet-derived growth factor BB mediates the glioma-induced migration of bone marrow-derived mesenchymal stem cells by promoting the expression of vascular cell adhesion molecule-1 through the PI3K, P38 MAPK and NF-κB pathways. Oncol Rep. 30:2755–2764. 2013.PubMed/NCBI