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Effects of a nutrient mixture on immunohistochemical localization of cancer markers in human cervical cancer HeLa cell tumor xenografts in female nude mice

  • Authors:
    • M. W. Roomi
    • T. Kalinovsky
    • J. Cha
    • N. W. Roomi
    • A. Niedzwiecki
    • M. Rath
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Dr Rath Research Institute, Santa Clara, CA 95050, USA
    Copyright: © Roomi et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 294-302
    |
    Published online on: December 11, 2014
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.2127
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Abstract

Although fully treatable in the early stages, once cervical cancer has metastasized, patient outcome is poor. The main objective of this study was to examine the effect of dietary supplementation with a nutrient mixture (NM) containing lysine, ascorbic acid, proline, green tea extract and other micronutrients on HeLa cell xenografts in nude female mice. Tumor growth was measured and immunohistochemical staining was evaluated for the following cancer markers: Ki67 (proliferation); matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)‑2 and ‑9 (invasion/metastasis); vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) (angiogenesis); terminal deoxynucleotidyl transferase dUTP nick end labeling (TUNEL) and B-cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl-2) (apoptosis); cyclooxygenase 2 (COX‑2) and inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) (inflammation); and glutathione S-transferase π (GSTπ) (a general cancer marker). Following housing for a week, 5/6‑week‑old female athymic nude mice (n=12) were inoculated subcutaneously with 3x106 HeLa cells in 0.2 ml phosphate‑buffered saline and 0.1 ml Matrigel™ and randomly divided into two groups; control group mice were fed regular mouse chow and NM group mice the regular diet supplemented with 0.5% NM (w/w). After four weeks, the mice were sacrificed and their tumors were excised and processed for histology. The NM strongly inhibited the growth of HeLa xenografts in nude mice. The mean tumor weight was reduced to 59% (P=0.001) in the mice fed the NM compared with the tumor weight in the controlled diet mice. Ki67, MMP‑2 and ‑9, VEGF, TUNEL, Bcl‑2, COX‑2, iNOS and GSTπ all showed a lower intensity and frequency of staining in the NM group compared with that in the control group. In conclusion, NM supplementation strongly inhibited tumor growth and cancer markers in female nude mice injected with HeLa xenografts.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Roomi MW, Kalinovsky T, Cha J, Roomi NW, Niedzwiecki A and Rath M: Effects of a nutrient mixture on immunohistochemical localization of cancer markers in human cervical cancer HeLa cell tumor xenografts in female nude mice. Exp Ther Med 9: 294-302, 2015.
APA
Roomi, M.W., Kalinovsky, T., Cha, J., Roomi, N.W., Niedzwiecki, A., & Rath, M. (2015). Effects of a nutrient mixture on immunohistochemical localization of cancer markers in human cervical cancer HeLa cell tumor xenografts in female nude mice. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 9, 294-302. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.2127
MLA
Roomi, M. W., Kalinovsky, T., Cha, J., Roomi, N. W., Niedzwiecki, A., Rath, M."Effects of a nutrient mixture on immunohistochemical localization of cancer markers in human cervical cancer HeLa cell tumor xenografts in female nude mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9.2 (2015): 294-302.
Chicago
Roomi, M. W., Kalinovsky, T., Cha, J., Roomi, N. W., Niedzwiecki, A., Rath, M."Effects of a nutrient mixture on immunohistochemical localization of cancer markers in human cervical cancer HeLa cell tumor xenografts in female nude mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9, no. 2 (2015): 294-302. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.2127
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Roomi MW, Kalinovsky T, Cha J, Roomi NW, Niedzwiecki A and Rath M: Effects of a nutrient mixture on immunohistochemical localization of cancer markers in human cervical cancer HeLa cell tumor xenografts in female nude mice. Exp Ther Med 9: 294-302, 2015.
APA
Roomi, M.W., Kalinovsky, T., Cha, J., Roomi, N.W., Niedzwiecki, A., & Rath, M. (2015). Effects of a nutrient mixture on immunohistochemical localization of cancer markers in human cervical cancer HeLa cell tumor xenografts in female nude mice. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 9, 294-302. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.2127
MLA
Roomi, M. W., Kalinovsky, T., Cha, J., Roomi, N. W., Niedzwiecki, A., Rath, M."Effects of a nutrient mixture on immunohistochemical localization of cancer markers in human cervical cancer HeLa cell tumor xenografts in female nude mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9.2 (2015): 294-302.
Chicago
Roomi, M. W., Kalinovsky, T., Cha, J., Roomi, N. W., Niedzwiecki, A., Rath, M."Effects of a nutrient mixture on immunohistochemical localization of cancer markers in human cervical cancer HeLa cell tumor xenografts in female nude mice". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9, no. 2 (2015): 294-302. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2014.2127
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