Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
April-2015 Volume 9 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2015 Volume 9 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia

  • Authors:
    • Qing Shang
    • Cai‑Yun Ma
    • Nan Lv
    • Zhong-Li Lv
    • Yi-Bing Yan
    • Zhi‑Rong  Wu
    • Jing‑Jie Li
    • Jia‑Li Duan
    • Chang‑Lian Zhu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Children's Hospital of Zhengzhou, Zhengzhou, Henan 450053, P.R. China, Beijing Children's Hospital, Capital Medicine University, Beijing 100045, P.R. China, Children's Hospital of Liaocheng, Liaocheng, Shandong 252000, P.R. China, Center for Brain Repair and Rehabilitation, Institute of Neuroscience and Physiology, The University of Gothenburg, Göteborg 40530, Sweden
  • Pages: 1336-1344
    |
    Published online on: January 27, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2222
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the high risk factors, cerebral palsy (CP) subtypes and comorbidities of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Based on treatment conditions at a specialist hospital, a cross‑sectional clinical study and retrospective analysis of computed tomography and magnetic resonance imaging examinations was conducted to evaluate the risk factors, subtypes and comorbidities of CP in children with PVL. Among the 408 children with PVL, 8.58% were born with a weight of ≤1,500 g and 44.36% were born with a weight of ≥2,500 g. In addition, 36.76% of these children had a gestational age of ≤32 weeks and 37.75% had a gestational age of ≥37 weeks. The proportion of the children born with various high risk factors was 95.59%, including perinatal infections and hypoxia. Severe PVL was observed in preterm infants (63.41% with a gestational age of <28 weeks and 21.95% with a gestational age of 28‑30 weeks) and low‑birth weight infants, which were prone to quadriplegia (43.90%). The common comorbidities included visual and auditory disorders, epilepsy, mental retardation and language barriers. Visual and auditory disorders (26.96%) were the most common comorbidities. PVL was identified primarily in premature and low‑birth weight infants. The degree of PVL was found to be negatively correlated with gestational age and birth weight. The degree of PVL in the full‑term infants correlated with exposure to infections or hypoxia. Quadriplegia is common among the various subtypes of CP. Visual and hearing disorders are the most common comorbidities of CP; these comorbidities occurred most frequently with quadriplegia.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Xu XY, Shu H, lu XM, et al: The relationship between MRI manifestations and clinical of the White matter around children. [J]. Journal of pediatric clinical practical magazine. 26:1347–1348. 2011.

2 

Kinney HC: Human myelination and perinatal white matter disorders. J Neurol Sci. 228:190–192. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Ma BX and Chen JY: The pathogenesis research status of Ventricle white matter around the softening disease. Chinese Pediatrics of IntegratedTraditional and Western Medicine. 3:506–508. 2011.

4 

Drougia A, Giapros V, Krallis N, et al: Incidence and risk factors for cerebral palsy in infants with perinatal problems: a 15-year review. Early Hum Dev. 83:541–547. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Deng W, Pleasure J and Pleasure D: Progress in periventricular leukomalacia. Arch Neurol. 65:1291–1295. 2008.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Deguchi K, Oguchi k, Matsuura N, et al: Periventricular Leukomalacia: relation to gestational age and axonal injury. Pediatr Neuro. 20:370–374. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar

7 

Bax M, Goldstein M, Rosenbaum P, et al: Proposed definition and classification of cerebral palsy, April 2005. Dev Med Child Neuro. 47:571–576. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Rosenbaum P, Paneth N, Leviton A, et al: A report: the definition and classification of cerebral palsy April 2006. Dev Meal Child Neurol Suppl. 109:8–14. 2007.

9 

Venkateswaran S and Shevell MI: Comorbidities and clinical determinants of outcome in children with spastic quadriplegic cerebral palsy. Dev Med Child Neurol. 50:216–222. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Xie S, Guo XM, Cui AG, et al: The study of MR diffusion tensor imaging on white matter around ventricle of children. Zhonghua Fangshexue Zazhi. 39:325–327. 2005.(In Chinese).

11 

Kuban KC, Allred EN, O’Shea M, Paneth N, Pagano M and Leviton A: An algorithm for identifying and classifying cerebral palsy in young children. J Pediatr. 153:466–472. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Hong T: Applied language therapy. Language retardation of children. Wu HS: People’s Military Medical Publishing House; Beijing: pp. 140–158. 1995

13 

Berg AT, Berkovic SF, Brodie MJ, et al: Revised terminology and concepts for organization of seizures and epilepsies: Report of the ILAE Commission on Classification and Terminology, 2005–2009. Epilepsia. 51:676–685. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Banerjee PN, Filippi D and Allen Hauser W: The descriptive epidemiology of epilepsy - a review. Epilepsy Res. 85:31–45. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Cho HK, Jang SH, Lee E, et al: Diffusion tensor imaging-demonstrated differences between hemiplegic and diplegic cerebral palsy with symmetric periventricular leukomalacia. AJNR Am J Neuroradiol. 34:650–654. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

16 

Kobayashi S, Fujimoto S, Fukuda S, et al: Periventricular leukomalacia with late-onset circulatory dysfunction of premature infants: correlation with severity of magnetic resonance imaging findings and neurological outcomes. Tohoku J Exp Med. 210:333–339. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Wang J, Zhang ZH, Zhu DN, et al: Epidemic characteristics and current prevention of cerebral palsy in children of Henan Province. Maternal and Child Health Care of China. 28:2109–2112. 2013.(In Chinese).

18 

Mallard C, Welin AK and Peebles D: White matter injury following systemic endotoxemia or asphyxia in the fetal sheep. Neurochemical. 28:215–223. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar

19 

Zhu LH and Jiang l: Research progress of white matter around the premature ventricular softening. Chinese Journal of Pediatrics. 44:192–196. 2006.

20 

Zach T and Brown JC: Periventricular leukomalacia. eMedicine; 2003, (http://www.emedicine.com/ped/topic1773.htmuri).

21 

Kinney HC, Haynes RL, Xu G, Folkerth RD, Sleeper LA and Volpe JJ: Neuron deficit in the white matter and subplate in periventricular leukomalacia. Ann Neurol. 71:397–406. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Perlman JM, Risser R and Broyles RS: Bilateral cystic periventricular leukomalacia in the premature infant: associated risk factors. Pediatrics. 97:822–827. 1996.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Vollmer B, Roth S, Baudin J, Stewart AL, Neville BG and Wyatt JS: Predictors of long-term outcome in very preterm infants: gestational age versus neonatal cranial ultrasound. Pediatrics. 112:1108–1114. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Yoon BH, Park CW and Chaiworapongsa T: Intrauterine infection and the development of cerebral palsy. BJOG. 110(Suppl 20): 124–127. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Li DY, Li JH and Mu DZ: Study Progress in Pathology and Pathogenesis of Neonatal Preventricular White Matter Injury. Appl Clin Pediatr. 22:943–945. 2007.

26 

Sameshima H and Ikenoue T: Developmental effects on neonatalmortality and subsequent cerebralpalsy in infants exposed to intrauter-ine infection. Early Hum Dev. 83:517–519. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Murata Y, Itakura A, Matsuzawa K, Okumura A, Wakai K and Mizutani S: Possible antenatal and perinatal related factors indevelopment of cystic periventricular leukomalacia. Brain Dev. 27:17–21. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Tsuji M, Saul JP, Du Plessis A, et al: Cerebral intravascular oxygenation correlates with mean arterial pressure in critically illpremature infants. Pediatrics. 106:625–632. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Wharton KN, Pinar H, Stonestreet BS, et al: Severe umbilical coad inflammation - a predictor of periventricular leukomalacia in very low birth weight infants. Early Hum Dev. 77:77–87. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Volpe JJ: Neurobiology of periventricular leukomalacia in the premature infant. Pediatr Res. 50:553–562. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Inage YW, Ltoh M and Takashina S: Correlation between cerebrovscular matury and periventricular leukomalacia. Pediatr Neurol. 22:204–208. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Yao JH and De J: To explore the high risk factors of premature infants leukomalacia intraventricular hemorrhage and periventricular. Hai Nan Yi Xue. 22:106–108. 2011.(In Chinese).

33 

Melhem ER, Hoon AH Jr, Ferrucci JT Jr, Quinn CB, Reinhardt EM, et al: Periventricular leukomalacia: relationship between lateral ventricular volume on brain MR images and severity of cognitive and motor impairment. J Radiology. 214:199–204. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar

34 

Staudt M, Pavlova M, Böhm S, Grodd W and Krägeloh-Mann I: Pyramidal tract damage correlates with motor dysfunction in bilateral periventricular leukomalacia (PVL). Neuropediatrics. 34:182–188. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Van Haastert IC, De Vries LS, et al: Gross motor functional abilities in preterm-born children with cerebral palsy due to periventricular leukomalacia. Dev Med Child Neurol. 50:684–689. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Argyropoulou MI: Brain lesions in preterm infants: Initial diagnosis and follow-up. Pediatr Radiol. 40:811–818. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Fedrizzi E and Inverno M: MRI features of cerebral lesions and cognitive functions in preterm spastic diplegic children. Pediatric Neurology. 15:207–212. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Andiman SE, Haynes RL, Trachtenberg FL, et al: The cerebral cortex overlying periventricular leukomalacia: Analysis of pyramidal neurons. Brain Patho. 20:803–814. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Shang Q, Ma CY, Lv N, Lv Z, Yan Y, Wu ZR, Li JJ, Duan JL and Zhu CL: Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia. Exp Ther Med 9: 1336-1344, 2015.
APA
Shang, Q., Ma, C., Lv, N., Lv, Z., Yan, Y., Wu, Z. ... Zhu, C. (2015). Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 9, 1336-1344. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2222
MLA
Shang, Q., Ma, C., Lv, N., Lv, Z., Yan, Y., Wu, Z., Li, J., Duan, J., Zhu, C."Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9.4 (2015): 1336-1344.
Chicago
Shang, Q., Ma, C., Lv, N., Lv, Z., Yan, Y., Wu, Z., Li, J., Duan, J., Zhu, C."Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9, no. 4 (2015): 1336-1344. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2222
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Shang Q, Ma CY, Lv N, Lv Z, Yan Y, Wu ZR, Li JJ, Duan JL and Zhu CL: Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia. Exp Ther Med 9: 1336-1344, 2015.
APA
Shang, Q., Ma, C., Lv, N., Lv, Z., Yan, Y., Wu, Z. ... Zhu, C. (2015). Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 9, 1336-1344. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2222
MLA
Shang, Q., Ma, C., Lv, N., Lv, Z., Yan, Y., Wu, Z., Li, J., Duan, J., Zhu, C."Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9.4 (2015): 1336-1344.
Chicago
Shang, Q., Ma, C., Lv, N., Lv, Z., Yan, Y., Wu, Z., Li, J., Duan, J., Zhu, C."Clinical study of cerebral palsy in 408 children with periventricular leukomalacia". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9, no. 4 (2015): 1336-1344. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2222
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team