Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
June-2015 Volume 9 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
June-2015 Volume 9 Issue 6

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Effects of DLX2 overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells

  • Authors:
    • Hao Sun
    • Zhixu Liu
    • Biao Li
    • Jiewen Dai
    • Xudong Wang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Oral and Cranio-maxillofacial Surgery, Shanghai Ninth People's Hospital, Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, Shanghai 200011, P.R. China
  • Pages: 2173-2179
    |
    Published online on: March 20, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2378
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Distal‑less genes (DLX) play important roles in regulating organism development. DLX2 is crucial for the differentiation and development of the primordium, which determines the subsequent development and phenotype of the maxillofacial skeletal patterns, and is the primary candidate gene that regulates the development of the first branchial arch. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of DLX2 overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells in vitro. A DLX2‑expression retrovirus vector was constructed by subcloning with a murine stem cell virus (MSCV) and verified by sequencing. MC3T3‑E1 cells were transfected with pMSCV‑DLX2 and stable clones were selected with puromycin. The mRNA and protein expression levels of DLX2 were determined using quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) and western blot analysis, respectively. In addition, the expression levels of the osteogenic biomarkers, alkaline phosphatase (ALP), osteocalcin (OCN), runt‑related transcription factor (RUNX)2 and Msh homeobox (MSX)2, were assessed by quantitative PCR. ALP detection and Alizarin red staining were conducted to evaluate the effect of DLX2 overexpression on osteogenic differentiation. The data were analyzed by analysis of variance using the Student‑Newman‑Keuls method. Successful pMSCV‑DLX2 construction, as verified by direct sequencing, enabled DLX2 overexpression in vitro. Enhanced ALP activity and Alizarin red staining were observed in the MC3T3‑E1‑DLX2 cells when compared with the control group. During osteogenic induction, DLX2 overexpression was demonstrated to upregulate ALP and MSX2 expression at the early stage and OCN expression at the late stage, while no statistically significant difference was observed in RUNX2 expression when compared with the control group. Therefore, DLX2 overexpression in vitro induced the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells via upregulating bone formation‑associated genes, such as ALP and MSX2.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Depew MJ, Simpson CA, Morasso M and Rubenstein JL: Reassessing the Dlx code: the genetic regulation of branchial arch skeletal pattern and development. J Anat. 207:501–561. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Jin Y: Mouse Development Biology and Embryo Research Method. Volume 21st. People's Medical Publishing House; Beijing: pp. 70–73. 2005

3 

Ferguson CA, Tucker AS and Sharpe PT: Temporospatial cell interactions regulating mandibular and maxillary arch patterning. Development. 127:403–412. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

4 

Depew MJ, Lufkin T and Rubenstein JL: Specification of jaw subdivisions by Dlx genes. Science. 298:381–385. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Qiu M, Bulfone A, Ghattas I, et al: Role of the Dlx homeobox genes in proximodistal patterning of the branchial arches: mutations of Dlx-1, Dlx-2 and Dlx-1 and −2 alter morphogenesis of proximal skeletal and soft tissue structures derived from the first and second arches. Dev Biol. 185:165–184. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Qiu M, Bulfone A, Martinez S, et al: Null mutation of Dlx-2 results in abnormal morphogenesis of proximal first and second branchial arch derivatives and abnormal differentiation in the forebrain. Genes Dev. 9:2523–2538. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Merlo GR, Zerega B, Paleari L, et al: Multiple functions of Dlx genes. Int J Dev Biol. 44:619–626. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

8 

Panganiban G and Rubenstein JL: Developmental functions of the Distal-less/Dlx homeobox genes. Development. 129:4371–4386. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Li H, Marijanovic I, Kronenberg MS, et al: Expression and function of Dlx genes in the osteoblast lineage. Dev Biol. 316:458–470. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Harris SE, Guo D, Harris MA, et al: Transcriptional regulation of BMP-2 activated genes in osteoblasts using gene expression microarray analysis: role of Dlx2 and Dlx5 transcription factors. Front Biosci. 8:s1249–s1265. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Lee MH, Kwon TG, Park HS, et al: BMP-2-induced Osterix expression is mediated by Dlx5 but is independent of Runx2. Biochem Biophys Res Commun. 309:689–694. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Muraglia A, Perera M, Verardo S, et al: DLX5 overexpression impairs osteogenic differentiation of human bone marrow stromal cells. Eur J Cell Biol. 87:751–761. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Karsenty G and Wagner EF: Reaching a genetic and molecular understanding of skeletal development. Dev Cell. 2:389–406. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Beck GR Jr, Zerler B and Moran E: Phosphate is a specific signal for induction of osteopontin gene expression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 97:8352–8357. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Hu Z, Peel SA, Ho SK, et al: Role of bovine bone morphogenetic proteins in bone matrix protein and osteoblast-related gene expression during rat bone marrow stromal cell differentiation. J Craniofac Surg. 16:1006–1014. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Vaes BL, Dechering KJ, Feijen A, et al: Comprehensive microarray analysis of bone morphogenetic protein 2-induced osteoblast differentiation resulting in the identification of novel markers for bone development. J Bone Miner Res. 17:2106–2118. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Glowacki J, Rey C, Glimcher MJ, et al: A role for osteocalcin in osteoclast differentiation. J Cell Biochem. 45:292–302. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Hu JZ, Jiang XQ, Zhang ZY, et al: Effects of Nell-1 gene on bone formation-related gene expression during osteoblastic differentiation of rat bone marrow stromal cells by real-time PCR. Zhongguo Kou Qiang He Mian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 6:48–53. 2008.[(In Chinese)].

19 

Hu JZ, Jiang XQ, Zhang ZY and Zhang XL: Effect of Nell-1 gene on osteogenic differentiation of rat bMSCs: An in vitro study. Zhongguo Kou Qiang He Mian Wai Ke Za Zhi. 7:38–43. 2009.[(In Chinese)].

20 

Li P, Yu SH, Chen D, et al: Overexpression of Runx2 induces osteogenic differentiation in C2C12 cells. Zhongguo Sheng Wu Hua Xue Yu Fen Zi Sheng Wu Xue Bao. 26:236–242. 2010.[(In Chinese)].

21 

Cheng SL, Shao JS, Charlton-Kachigian N, et al: MSX2 promotes osteogenesis and suppresses adipogenic differentiation of multipotent mesenchymal progenitors. J Biol Chem. 278:45969–45977. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Bendall AJ and Abate-Shen C: Roles for Msx and Dlx homeoproteins in vertebrate development. Gene. 247:17–31. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Ryoo HM, Lee MH and Kim YJ: Critical molecular switches involved in BMP-2-induced osteogenic differentiation of mesenchymal cells. Gene. 366:51–57. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Sun H, Liu Z, Li B, Dai J and Wang X: Effects of DLX2 overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells. Exp Ther Med 9: 2173-2179, 2015.
APA
Sun, H., Liu, Z., Li, B., Dai, J., & Wang, X. (2015). Effects of DLX2 overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 9, 2173-2179. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2378
MLA
Sun, H., Liu, Z., Li, B., Dai, J., Wang, X."Effects of DLX2 overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9.6 (2015): 2173-2179.
Chicago
Sun, H., Liu, Z., Li, B., Dai, J., Wang, X."Effects of DLX2 overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9, no. 6 (2015): 2173-2179. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2378
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Sun H, Liu Z, Li B, Dai J and Wang X: Effects of DLX2 overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells. Exp Ther Med 9: 2173-2179, 2015.
APA
Sun, H., Liu, Z., Li, B., Dai, J., & Wang, X. (2015). Effects of DLX2 overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 9, 2173-2179. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2378
MLA
Sun, H., Liu, Z., Li, B., Dai, J., Wang, X."Effects of DLX2 overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9.6 (2015): 2173-2179.
Chicago
Sun, H., Liu, Z., Li, B., Dai, J., Wang, X."Effects of DLX2 overexpression on the osteogenic differentiation of MC3T3‑E1 cells". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 9, no. 6 (2015): 2173-2179. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2378
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team