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Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
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August-2015 Volume 10 Issue 2

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International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

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International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

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Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

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Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

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Article

Paraptosis triggers mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease

Retraction in: /10.3892/etm.2021.10715
  • Authors:
    • Dong‑Pei Jia
    • Song Wang
    • Bao‑Chao Zhang
    • Fang Fang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Neurological Rehabilitation, Nanyang City Center Hospital, Nanyang, Henan 473003, P.R. China
  • Pages: 804-808
    |
    Published online on: May 29, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2531
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Abstract

In previous years, increasing evidence has indicated that paraptosis and mitochondrial-mediated apoptosis may be associated with Alzheimer's disease (AD). However, the association between paraptosis and mitochondrial‑mediated apoptosis, and the pathological processes underlying AD, remain elusive. In the present study, the β‑amyloid precursor protein gene, and the gene mutations PS1M146L and L286V, were transfected to an SH‑SY5Y cell line to establish an AD cell model. Subsequently, an MTT assay was used to examine the cell viability of the AD cell model, while a TUNEL assay was employed to observe the number of positively stained apoptotic cells. Cytoplasmic vacuolization was examined using light microscopy and images were photographed. Furthermore, western blot analysis was utilized to detect the expression of golden biomarkers of the mitochondrial pathway, including Bcl‑2 and Bax. The paraptosis inhibitor, cycloheximide, was selected to treat the AD model cells in order to observe the association between paraptosis and mitochondrial‑mediated apoptosis. The results indicated that the decrease in the cell viability of the AD cells was initiated at 24 h, as compared with the normal cells (P<0.05). TUNEL‑positive stained cells were observed at 48 h, which was later compared with the cell death initiation. In addition, examination of cytoplasmic vacuolization using microscopy indicated that there were a small number of paraptosis cells present at 24 h. The expression levels of Bcl‑2 was significantly decreased, while Bax was significantly increased at 48 h. Furthermore, cycloheximide treatment was demonstrated to significantly increase Bcl‑2 expression, while decreasing Bax expression (P>0.05). In conclusion, the occurrence of paraptosis was demonstrated in the early pathological stages of AD, which may subsequently damage the mitochondria and trigger mitochondrial pathway‑mediated apoptosis. Thus, paraptosis may trigger programmed cell death directly, or indirectly through the regulation of Bcl-2 and Bax protein expression.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Jia DP, Wang S, Zhang BC and Fang F: Paraptosis triggers mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2021.10715. Exp Ther Med 10: 804-808, 2015.
APA
Jia, D., Wang, S., Zhang, B., & Fang, F. (2015). Paraptosis triggers mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2021.10715. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 10, 804-808. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2531
MLA
Jia, D., Wang, S., Zhang, B., Fang, F."Paraptosis triggers mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2021.10715". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10.2 (2015): 804-808.
Chicago
Jia, D., Wang, S., Zhang, B., Fang, F."Paraptosis triggers mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2021.10715". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10, no. 2 (2015): 804-808. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2531
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Jia DP, Wang S, Zhang BC and Fang F: Paraptosis triggers mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2021.10715. Exp Ther Med 10: 804-808, 2015.
APA
Jia, D., Wang, S., Zhang, B., & Fang, F. (2015). Paraptosis triggers mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2021.10715. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 10, 804-808. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2531
MLA
Jia, D., Wang, S., Zhang, B., Fang, F."Paraptosis triggers mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2021.10715". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10.2 (2015): 804-808.
Chicago
Jia, D., Wang, S., Zhang, B., Fang, F."Paraptosis triggers mitochondrial pathway-mediated apoptosis in Alzheimer's disease Retraction in /10.3892/etm.2021.10715". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 10, no. 2 (2015): 804-808. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2531
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