Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
February-2016 Volume 11 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
February-2016 Volume 11 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods

  • Authors:
    • Wenna Liang
    • Xihai Li
    • Bizhen Gao
    • Huijuan Gan
    • Xuejuan Lin
    • Linghong Liao
    • Candong Li
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Research Base of Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China, Academy of Integrative Medicine, Institute of Bone Diseases, Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Fuzhou, Fujian 350122, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Liang et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 481-489
    |
    Published online on: December 16, 2015
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2937
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The temporomandibular joint (TMJ) is a specialized synovial joint that is essential for the movement and function of the mammalian jaw. The TMJ develops from two mesenchymal condensations, and is composed of the glenoid fossa that originates from the otic capsule by intramembranous ossification, the mandibular condyle of the temporal bone and a fibrocartilagenous articular disc derived from a secondary cartilaginous joint by endochondral ossification. However, the development of the TMJ remains unclear. In the present study, the formation and development of the mouse TMJ was investigated between embryonic day 13.5 and post‑natal day 180 in order to elucidate the morphological and molecular alterations that occur during this period. TMJ formation appeared to proceed in three stages: Initiation or blastema stage; growth and cavitation stage; and the maturation or completion stage. In order to investigate the activity of certain transcription factors on TMJ formation and development, the expression of extracellular matrix (ECM), sex determining region Y‑box 9, runt‑related transcription factor 2, Indian hedgehog homolog, Osterix, collagen I, collagen II, aggrecan, total matrix metalloproteinase (MMP), MMP‑9 and MMP‑13 were detected in the TMJ using in situ and/or immunohistochemistry. The results indicate that the transcription factors, ECM and MMP serve critical functions in the formation and development of the mouse TMJ. In summary, the development of the mouse TMJ was investigated, and the molecular regulation of mouse TMJ formation was partially characterized. The results of the present study may aid the systematic understanding of the physiological processes underlying TMJ formation and development in mice.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

Figure 7

Figure 8

View References

1 

Purcell P, Joo BW, Hu JK, Tran PV, Calicchio ML, O'Connell DJ, Maas RL and Tabin CJ: Temporomandibular joint formation requires two distinct hedgehog-dependent steps. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 106:18297–18302. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Li X, Liu H, Gu S, Liu C, Sun C, Zheng Y and Chen Y: Replacing Shox2 with human SHOX leads to congenital disc degeneration of the temporomandibular joint in mice. Cell Tissue Res. 355:345–354. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Owtad P, Park JH, Shen G, Potres Z and Darendeliler MA: The biology of TMJ growth modification, A review. J Dent Res. 92:315–321. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Bravetti P, Membre H, El Haddioui A, Gérard H, Fyard JP, Mahler P and Gaudy JF: Histological study of the human temporo-mandibular joint and its surrounding muscles. Surg Radiol Anat. 26:371–378. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Soydan SS, Deniz K, Uckan S, Unal AD and Tutuncu NB: Is the incidence of temporomandibular disorder increased in polycystic ovary syndrome? Br J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 52:822–826. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Li X, Liang W, Ye H, Weng X, Liu F, Lin P and Liu X: Overexpression of Indian hedgehog partially rescues short stature homeobox 2-overexpression-associated congenital dysplasia of the temporomandibular joint in mice. Mol Med Rep. 12:4157–4164. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

7 

Li X, Liang W, Ye H, Weng X, Liu F and Liu X: Overexpression of Shox2 leads to congenital dysplasia of the temporomandibular joint in mice. Int J Mol Sci. 15:13135–13150. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Wang Y, Liu C, Rohr J, Liu H, He F, Yu J, Sun C, Li L, Gu S and Chen Y: Tissue interaction is required for glenoid fossa development during temporomandibular joint formation. Dev Dyn. 240:2466–2473. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Gu S, Wei N, Yu L, Fei J and Chen Y: Shox2-deficiency leads to dysplasia and ankylosis of the temporomandibular joint in mice. Mech Dev. 125:729–742. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Velasco Mérida JR, Rodríguez Vázquez JF, De la Cuadra Blanco C, Campos López R, Sánchez M and Mérida Velasco JA: Development of the mandibular condylar cartilage in human specimens of 10-15 weeks' gestation. J Anat. 214:56–64. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Yokohama-Tamaki T, Maeda T, Tanaka TS and Shibata S: Functional analysis of CTRP3/cartducin in Meckel's cartilage and developing condylar cartilage in the fetal mouse mandible. J Anat. 218:517–533. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Wu Y, Gong Z, Li J, Meng Q, Fang W and Long X: The pilot study of fibrin with temporomandibular joint derived synovial stem cells in repairing TMJ disc perforation. Biomed Res Int. 2014:4540212014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Gu S, Wu W, Liu C, Yang L, Sun C, Ye W, Li X, Chen J, Long F and Chen Y: BMPRIA mediated signaling is essential for temporomandibular joint development in mice. PLoS One. 9:e1010002014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Vinkka-Puhakka H and Thesleff I: Initiation of secondary cartilage in the mandible of the Syrian hamster in the absence of muscle function. Arch Oral Biol. 38:49–54. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Kenzaki K, Tsuchikawa K and Kuwahara T: An immunohistochemical study on the localization of type II collagen in the developing mouse mandibular condyle. Okajimas Folia Anat Jpn. 88:49–55. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Loughner B, Miller J, Broumand V and Cooper B: The development of strains, forces and nociceptor activity in retrodiscal tissues of the temporomandibular joint of male and female goats.

17 

Owtad P, Potres Z, Shen G, Petocz P and Darendeliler MA: A histochemical study on condylar cartilage and glenoid fossa during mandibular advancement. Angle Orthod. 81:270–276. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Liu C, Kaneko S and Soma K: Glenoid fossa responses to mandibular lateral shift in growing rats. Angle Orthod. 77:660–667. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Yamaki Y, Tsuchikawa K, Nagasawa T and Hiroyasu K: Embryological study of the development of the rat temporomandibular joint, Highlighting the development of the glenoid fossa. Odontology. 93:30–34. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Li Q, Zhang M, Chen YJ, Zhou Q, Wang YJ and Liu J: Psychological stress alters microstructure of the mandibular condyle in rats. Physiol Behav 110-111. 129–139. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

21 

Ricks ML, Farrell JT, Falk DJ, Holt DW, Rees M, Carr J, Williams T, Nichols BA, Bridgewater LC, Reynolds PR, et al: Osteoarthritis in temporomandibular joint of Col2a1 mutant mice. Arch Oral Biol. 58:1092–1099. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Willard VP, Arzi B and Athanasiou KA: The attachments of the temporomandibular joint disc, A biochemical and histological investigation. Arch Oral Biol. 57:599–606. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Gu Z, Feng J, Shibata T, Hu J and Zhang Z: Type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA expression by in situ hybridization in rabbit temporomandibular joint posterior attachment following disc displacement. Arch Oral Biol. 48:55–62. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Garnero P, Rousseau JC and Delmas PD: Molecular basis and clinical use of biochemical markers of bone, cartilage, and synovium in joint diseases. Arthritis Rheum. 43:953–968. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Zuber M, Zia F, Zia KM, Tabasum S, Salman M and Sultan N: Collagen based polyurethanes-A review of recent advances and perspective. Int J Biol Macromol. 80:366–374. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Natiella JR, Burch L, Fries KM, Upton LG and Edsberg LE: Analysis of the collagen I and fibronectin of temporomandibular joint synovial fluid and discs. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 67:105–113. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Huang Q, Opstelten D, Samman N and Tideman H: Experimentally induced unilateral tooth loss, Expression of type II collagen in temporomandibular joint cartilage. J Oral Maxillofac Surg. 61:1054–1060. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Aspberg A: The different roles of aggrecan interaction domains. J Histochem Cytochem. 60:987–996. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Gu Z, Jin X, Feng J, Shibata T, Hu J, Zhan J and Hu Y: Type II collagen and aggrecan mRNA expressions in rabbit condyle following disc displacement. J Oral Rehabil. 32:254–259. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Mori-Akiyama Y, Akiyama H, Rowitch DH and de Crombrugghe B: Sox9 is required for determination of the chondrogenic cell lineage in the cranial neural crest. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 100:9360–9365. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Shibata S, Suda N, Suzuki S, Fukuoka H and Yamashita Y: An in situ hybridization study of Runx2, Osterix, and Sox9 at the onset of condylar cartilage formation in fetal mouse mandible. J Anat. 208:169–177. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Ochiai T, Shibukawa Y, Nagayama M, Mundy C, Yasuda T, Okabe T, Shimono K, Kanyama M, Hasegawa H, Maeda Y, et al: Indian hedgehog roles in post-natal TMJ development and organization. J Dent Res. 89:349–354. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Wu MJ, Gu ZY and Sun W: Effects of hydrostatic pressure on cytoskeleton and BMP-2, TGF-beta, SOX-9 production in rat temporomandibular synovial fibroblasts. Osteoarthritis Cartilage. 16:41–47. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Jing J, Hinton RJ, Jing Y, Liu Y, Zhou X and Feng JQ: Osterix couples chondrogenesis and osteogenesis in post-natal condylar growth. J Dent Res. 93:1014–1021. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Ishizuka Y, Shibukawa Y, Nagayama M, Decker R, Kinumatsu T, Saito A, Pacifici M and Koyama E: TMJ degeneration in SAMP8 mice is accompanied by deranged Ihh signaling. J Dent Res. 93:281–287. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Shibukawa Y, Young B, Wu C, Yamada S, Long F, Pacifici M and Koyama E: Temporomandibular joint formation and condyle growth require Indian hedgehog signaling. Dev Dyn. 236:426–434. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Suda N, Shibata S, Yamazaki K, Kuroda T, Senior PV, Beck F and Hammond VE: Parathyroid hormone-related protein regulates proliferation of condylar hypertrophic chondrocytes. J Bone Miner Res. 14:1838–1847. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Hume WJ and Thompson J: Double labelling of cells with tritiated thymidine and bromodeoxyuridine reveals a circadian rhythm-dependent variation in duration of DNA synthesis and S phase flux rates in rodent oral epithelium. Cell Tissue Kinet. 23:313–323. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

39 

Herring SW, Decker JD, Liu ZJ and Ma T: Temporomandibular joint in miniature pigs, Anatomy, cell replication, and relation to loading. Anat Rec. 266:152–166. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Matsuda S, Mishima K, Yoshimura Y, Hatta T and Otani H: Apoptosis in the development of the temporomandibular joint. Anat Embryol (Berl). 196:383–391. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Sato I, Uneno R, Miwa Y and Sunohara M: Distribution of tenascin-C and tenascin-X, apoptotic and proliferating cells in postnatal soft-diet rat temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Ann Anat. 188:127–136. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Wattanachai T, Yonemitsu I, Kaneko S and Soma K: Functional lateral shift of the mandible effects on the expression of ECM in rat temporomandibular cartilage. Angle Orthod. 79:652–659. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Gao Y, Liu S, Huang J, Guo W, Chen J, Zhang L, Zhao B, Peng J, Wang A, Wang Y, Xu W, Lu S, Yuan M and Guo Q: The ECM-cell interaction of cartilage extracellular matrix on chondrocytes. Biomed Res Int. 2014:6484592014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Okada Y: Matrix-degrading metalloproteinases and their roles in joint destruction. Mod Rheumatol. 10:121–128. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Almeida LE, Caporal K, Ambros V, Azevedo M, Noronha L, Leonardi R and Trevilatto PC: Immunohistochemical expression of matrix metalloprotease-2 and matrix metalloprotease-9 in the disks of patients with temporomandibular joint dysfunction. J Oral Pathol Med. 44:75–79. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Malemud CJ: Matrix metalloproteinases: R ole in skeletal development and growth plate disorders. Front Biosci. 11:1702–1715. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

47 

Burrage PS, Mix KS and Brinckerhoff CE: Matrix metalloproteinases, Role in arthritis. Front Biosci. 11:529–543. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

48 

Stickens D, Behonick DJ, Ortega N, Heyer B, Hartenstein B, Yu Y, Fosang AJ, Schorpp-Kistner M, Angel P and Werb Z: Altered endochondral bone development in matrix metalloproteinase 13-deficient mice. Development. 131:5883–5895. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

49 

Inada M, Wang Y, Byrne MH, Rahman MU, Miyaura C, López-Otín C and Krane SM: Critical roles for collagenase-3 (Mmp13) in development of growth plate cartilage and in endochondral ossification. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA. 101:17192–17197. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

50 

Oka K, Oka S, Sasaki T, Ito Y, Bringas P Jr, Nonaka K and Chai Y: The role of TGF-beta signaling in regulating chondrogenesis and osteogenesis during mandibular development. Dev Biol. 303:391–404. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Liang W, Li X, Gao B, Gan H, Lin X, Liao L and Li C: Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods. Exp Ther Med 11: 481-489, 2016.
APA
Liang, W., Li, X., Gao, B., Gan, H., Lin, X., Liao, L., & Li, C. (2016). Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 11, 481-489. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2937
MLA
Liang, W., Li, X., Gao, B., Gan, H., Lin, X., Liao, L., Li, C."Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11.2 (2016): 481-489.
Chicago
Liang, W., Li, X., Gao, B., Gan, H., Lin, X., Liao, L., Li, C."Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11, no. 2 (2016): 481-489. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2937
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Liang W, Li X, Gao B, Gan H, Lin X, Liao L and Li C: Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods. Exp Ther Med 11: 481-489, 2016.
APA
Liang, W., Li, X., Gao, B., Gan, H., Lin, X., Liao, L., & Li, C. (2016). Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 11, 481-489. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2937
MLA
Liang, W., Li, X., Gao, B., Gan, H., Lin, X., Liao, L., Li, C."Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11.2 (2016): 481-489.
Chicago
Liang, W., Li, X., Gao, B., Gan, H., Lin, X., Liao, L., Li, C."Observing the development of the temporomandibular joint in embryonic and post-natal mice using various staining methods". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11, no. 2 (2016): 481-489. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2015.2937
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team