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Review Open Access

Management of rheumatoid arthritis: Impact and risks of various therapeutic approaches (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Carolina Negrei
    • Violeta Bojinca
    • Andra Balanescu
    • Mihai Bojinca
    • Daniela Baconi
    • Demetrios A. Spandidos
    • Aristidis M. Tsatsakis
    • Miriana Stan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Toxicology, Faculty of Pharmacy, ‘Carol Davila’ University of Medicine and Pharmacy, Bucharest 020956, Romania, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, ‘Sfanta Maria’ Hospital, Bucharest 011172, Romania, Department of Internal Medicine and Rheumatology, ‘Ion Cantacuzino’ Hospital, Bucharest 020475, Romania, Department of Clinical Virology, School of Medicine, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece, Department of Forensic Sciences and Toxicology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Crete, Heraklion 71003, Greece
    Copyright: © Negrei et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1177-1183
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    Published online on: February 2, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3045
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Abstract

Rheumatic diseases are highly prevalent chronic disorders and the leading cause of physical disability worldwide, with a marked socio-economic impact. Rheumatoid arthritis (RA) is a chronic systemic inflammatory disease of unknown etiology with an autoimmune pathogenesis, characterised by arthropathy with chronic, deforming, destructive evolution and multiple systemic manifestations. The management of RA has undergone significant changes as far as objectives and approaches are concerned, ending in the current strategy known as ‘treat to target’. The therapeutic array of RA includes several categories of medicinal products, of varying potential. There are several criteria for the classification of medicinal products used against this disease, one of the most important and modern of which divides such substances according to their effects on the progress of the disease: symptom‑modifying antirheumatic drugs (including non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs and corticoids), disease-modifying antirheumatic drugs (including various substances, such as gold salts, antimalarials, sulfasalazine, D‑penicillamine; non‑specific immunosuppressive medication, such as methotrexate, cyclophosphamide, azathioprine and leflunomide) and biological therapy is a recent addition, providing new insight into the treatment of this disease. The selection of the optimal therapy for RA should be based on guidelines and recommendations, but also on clinical particular aspects and patient preferences.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Negrei C, Bojinca V, Balanescu A, Bojinca M, Baconi D, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM and Stan M: Management of rheumatoid arthritis: Impact and risks of various therapeutic approaches (Review). Exp Ther Med 11: 1177-1183, 2016.
APA
Negrei, C., Bojinca, V., Balanescu, A., Bojinca, M., Baconi, D., Spandidos, D.A. ... Stan, M. (2016). Management of rheumatoid arthritis: Impact and risks of various therapeutic approaches (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 11, 1177-1183. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3045
MLA
Negrei, C., Bojinca, V., Balanescu, A., Bojinca, M., Baconi, D., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A. M., Stan, M."Management of rheumatoid arthritis: Impact and risks of various therapeutic approaches (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11.4 (2016): 1177-1183.
Chicago
Negrei, C., Bojinca, V., Balanescu, A., Bojinca, M., Baconi, D., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A. M., Stan, M."Management of rheumatoid arthritis: Impact and risks of various therapeutic approaches (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11, no. 4 (2016): 1177-1183. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3045
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Negrei C, Bojinca V, Balanescu A, Bojinca M, Baconi D, Spandidos DA, Tsatsakis AM and Stan M: Management of rheumatoid arthritis: Impact and risks of various therapeutic approaches (Review). Exp Ther Med 11: 1177-1183, 2016.
APA
Negrei, C., Bojinca, V., Balanescu, A., Bojinca, M., Baconi, D., Spandidos, D.A. ... Stan, M. (2016). Management of rheumatoid arthritis: Impact and risks of various therapeutic approaches (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 11, 1177-1183. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3045
MLA
Negrei, C., Bojinca, V., Balanescu, A., Bojinca, M., Baconi, D., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A. M., Stan, M."Management of rheumatoid arthritis: Impact and risks of various therapeutic approaches (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11.4 (2016): 1177-1183.
Chicago
Negrei, C., Bojinca, V., Balanescu, A., Bojinca, M., Baconi, D., Spandidos, D. A., Tsatsakis, A. M., Stan, M."Management of rheumatoid arthritis: Impact and risks of various therapeutic approaches (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 11, no. 4 (2016): 1177-1183. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3045
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