Assessment of pupillary light reflex using a smartphone application

Shin,Young  Duck; Bae,Jin  Ho; Kwon,Eun  Jung; Kim,Hyeon  Tae; Lee,Tae‑Soo; Choi,Young  Jin

doi:10.3892/etm.2016.3379

August-2016 Volume 12 Issue 2

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August-2016 Volume 12 Issue 2

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Article Open Access

Assessment of pupillary light reflex using a smartphone application

Authors:
- Young Duck Shin
- Jin Ho Bae
- Eun Jung Kwon
- Hyeon Tae Kim
- Tae‑Soo Lee
- Young Jin Choi
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Affiliations: Department of Anesthesiology and Pain Medicine, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 361‑763, Republic of Korea, Department of Biomedical Engineering, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 361‑763, Republic of Korea, Department of Surgery, College of Medicine, Chungbuk National University, Cheongju, Chungcheongbuk-do 361‑763, Republic of Korea

Copyright: © Shin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
Pages: 720-724
|
Published online on: May 23, 2016

https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3379
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Abstract

In unconscious patients, pupillary light reflex is an indicator of brain damage. In the current study, a smartphone application was developed for the purpose of measuring pupillary light reflex with an aim to determine the agreement between pupillary light reflex measurements using a smartphone application (APP) and a penlight (PEN). The APP acquires five sequential photographs using the camera flash in order to stimulate the pupil. The initial image is captured prior to the flash, and the subsequent image is obtained while the flash is on. The remaining three images are captured whilst the flash is off. Pupillary right reflex was assessed in 30 healthy subjects using a PEN. After 10 min, the examiners inspected the images of light reflex acquired from the same subjects using the APP, and completed the corresponding questionnaire containing details of pupil size and degree of response. Agreement between the two assessment methods was determined by calculating bias, limits of agreement, and the intraclass correlation (ICC) coefficient. A statistically significant difference was not observed between the two methods regarding pupil size and degree of response. Bias was 0.1 mm and limits of agreement were ±1.5 mm, as compared with PEN. ICC was 0.93 (95% confidence interval, 0.89‑0.96). Therefore, it may be concluded that the results of pupillary light reflex assessed by PEN and APP display no significant difference. Furthermore, the APP provides advantages such as portability, objectivity and the possibility of being used as objective medical evidence.

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Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Assessment of pupillary light reflex using a smartphone application

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