Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
August-2016 Volume 12 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2016 Volume 12 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Risk factors for symptomatic osteonecrosis in childhood ALL: A retrospective study of a Slovenian pediatric ALL population between 1970 and 2004

  • Authors:
    • Nataša Karas‑Kuželički
    • Simona Mencej‑Bedrač
    • Janez Jazbec
    • Janja Marc
    • Irena Mlinarič‑Raščan
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Ljubljana, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia, Unit of Oncology and Hematology, University Medical Centre, University Children's Hospital, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia
  • Pages: 840-846
    |
    Published online on: May 25, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3391
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Treatment induced non-traumatic osteonecrosis (ON) has been reported increasingly in children treated for acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). Several risk factors for ON have been identified in childhood cancer patients; however, their diagnostic and prognostic power is limited and the etiology of the disease remains unclear. Therefore, a continuous effort is focused on the identification of additional ON risk factors. We performed a retrospective study of 313 childhood ALL patients to test the association between the ON occurrence in children receiving ALL therapy and common polymorphisms in potential target genes: Thiopurine S‑methyltransferase (TPMT; 460G>A, 719A>G), 5,10-methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR; 677C>T, 1298A>C), estrogen receptor alpha 1 (ESR1; XbaI) and collagen type I, α1 (COL1A1; Sp1). In the present cohort, higher age and more recently developed treatment protocols were independent risk factors for ON. In children >14.5 years old, TPMT genotype modulated the risk of ON. Additionally, in children <12.9 years old ESR1 genotypes were also implicated in the pathogenesis of ON. Besides greater age and more recent treatment protocols, genetic factors (polymorphisms in ESR1 and TPMT genes) were suggested to be implicated in the pathogenesis of ON and could be potentially used as genetic prognostic markers for ON.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Sala A, Mattano LA Jr and Barr RD: Osteonecrosis in children and adolescents with cancer-an adverse effect of systemic therapy. Eur J Cancer. 43:683–689. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Kadan-Lottick NS, Dinu I, Wasilewski-Masker K, Kaste S, Meacham LR, Mahajan A, Stovall M, Yasui Y, Robison LL and Sklar CA: Osteonecrosis in adult survivors of childhood cancer: A report from the childhood cancer survivor study. J Clin Oncol. 26:3038–3045. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Davies JH, Evans BA, Jenney ME and Gregory JW: Skeletal morbidity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukaemia. Clin Endocrinol (Oxf). 63:1–9. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Faraci M, Calevo MG, Lanino E, Caruso S, Messina C, Favr C, Iori A, Santaron S, Bonanomi S, Rondelli R, et al: Osteonecrosis after allogeneic stem cell transplantation in childhood. A case-control study in Italy. Haematologica. 91:1096–1099. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

5 

Davies JH, Evans BA, Jenney ME and Gregory JW: In vitro effects of chemotherapeutic agents on human osteoblast-like cells. Calcif Tissue Int. 70:408–415. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Tillmann V, Darlington AS, Eiser C, Bishop NJ and Davies HA: Male sex and low physical activity are associated with reduced spine bone mineral density in survivors of childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. J Bone Miner Res. 17:1073–1080. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Warner JT, Evans WD, Webb DK, Bell W and Gregory JW: Relative osteopenia after treatment for acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Pediatr Res. 45:544–551. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Relling MV, Yang W, Das S, Cook EH, Rosner GL, Neel M, Howard S, Ribeiro R, Sandlund JT, Pui CH and Kaste SC: Pharmacogenetic risk factors for osteonecrosis of the hip among children with leukemia. J Clin Oncol. 22:3930–3936. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Zalavras CG, Malizos KN, Dokou E and Vartholomatos G: The 677C->T mutation of the methylene-tetrahydrofolate reductase gene in the pathogenesis of osteonecrosis of the femoral head. Haematologica. 87:111–112. 2002.PubMed/NCBI

10 

French D, Hamilton LH, Mattano LA Jr, Sather HN, Devidas M, Nachman JB and Relling MV: Children's Oncology Group: A PAI-1 (SERPINE1) polymorphism predicts osteonecrosis in children with acute lymphoblastic leukemia: A report from the Children's Oncology Group. Blood. 111:4496–4499. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Mei L, Ontiveros EP, Griffith EA, Thompson JE, Wang ES and Wetzler M: Pharmacogenetics predictive of response and toxicity in acute lymphoblastic leukemia therapy. Blood Rev. 29:243–249. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Hunger SP and Mullighan CG: Acute lymphoblastic leukemia in children. N Engl J Med. 373:1541–1552. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Glueck CJ, Freiberg RA, Fontaine RN, Tracy T and Wang P: Hypofibrinolysis, thrombophilia, osteonecrosis. Clin Orthop Relat Res. 19–33. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Ralston SH and de Crombrugghe B: Genetic regulation of bone mass and susceptibility to osteoporosis. Genes Dev. 20:2492–2506. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Ioannidis JP, Ralston SH, Bennett ST, Brandi ML, Grinberg D, Karassa FB, Langdahl B, van Meurs JB, Mosekilde L, Scollen S, et al: Differential genetic effects of ESR1 gene polymorphisms on osteoporosis outcomes. JAMA. 292:2105–2114. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Ralston SH, Uitterlinden AG, Brandi ML, Balcells S, Langdahl BL, Lips P, Lorenc R, Obermayer-Pietsch B, Scollen S, Bustamante M, et al: Large-scale evidence for the effect of the COLIA1 Sp1 polymorphism on osteoporosis outcomes: The GENOMOS study. PLoS Med. 3:e902006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Steer CD, Emmett PM, Lewis SJ, Smith GD and Tobias JH: Methylenetetrahydrofolate reductase (MTHFR) C677T polymorphism is associated with spinal BMD in 9-year-old children. J Bone Miner Res. 24:117–124. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Styrkarsdottir U, Halldorsson BV, Gretarsdottir S, Gudbjartsson DF, Walters GB, Ingvarsson T, Jonsdottir T, Saemundsdottir J, Center JR, Nguyen TV, et al: Multiple genetic loci for bone mineral density and fractures. N Engl J Med. 358:2355–2365. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Abrahamsen B, Jørgensen HL, Nielsen TL, Andersen M, Haug E, Schwarz P, Hagen C and Brixen K: MTHFR c.677C>T polymorphism as an independent predictor of peak bone mass in Danish men-results from the odense androgen study. Bone. 38:215–219. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Maloney KW, Shuster JJ, Murphy S, Pullen J and Camitta BA: Long-term results of treatment studies for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia: Pediatric oncology group studies from 1986–1994. Leukemia. 14:2276–2285. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Riehm H, Reiter A, Schrappe M, Berthold F, Dopfer R, Gerein V, Ludwig R, Ritter J, Stollmann B and Henze G: The in vivo response on corticosteroid therapy as an additional prognostic factor in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (therapy study ALL-BFM 83). Klin Padiatr. 199:151–160. 1987.(In German). View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Reiter A, Schrappe M, Ludwig WD, Hiddemann W, Sauter S, Henze G, Zimmermann M, Lampert F, Havers W and Niethammer D: Chemotherapy in 998 unselected childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia patients. Results and conclusions of the multicenter trial ALL-BFM 86. Blood. 84:3122–3133. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

23 

Schrappe M, Reiter A, Ludwig WD, Harbott J, Zimmermann M, Hiddemann W, Niemeyer C, Henze G, Feldges A, Zintl F, et al: Improved outcome in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia despite reduced use of anthracyclines and cranial radiotherapy: Results of trial ALL-BFM 90. German-Austrian-Swiss ALL-BFM study group. Blood. 95:3310–3322. 2000.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Möricke A, Reiter A, Zimmermann M, Gadner H, Stanulla M, Dördelmann M, Löning L, Beier R, Ludwig WD, Ratei R, et al: Risk-adjusted therapy of acute lymphoblastic leukemia can decrease treatment burden and improve survival: Treatment results of 2169 unselected pediatric and adolescent patients enrolled in the trial ALL-BFM 95. Blood. 111:4477–4489. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Fronkova E, Mejstrikova E, Avigad S, Chik KW, Castillo L, Manor S, Reznickova L, Valova T, Zdrahalova K, Hrusak O, et al: Minimal residual disease (MRD) analysis in the non-MRD-based ALL IC-BFM 2002 protocol for childhood ALL: Is it possible to avoid MRD testing? Leukemia. 22:989–997. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

National Cancer Institute Common toxicity criteria manual. version 2.0. Available on-line at. http://ctep.cancer.gov/protocolDevelopment/electronic_applications/docs/ctcmanual_v4_10-4-99.pdfAccessed. August 03–2014

27 

Ogino S and Wilson RB: Genotype and haplotype distributions of MTHFR677C>T and 1298A>C single nucleotide polymorphisms: A meta-analysis. J Hum Genet. 48:1–7. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Aricò M, Boccalatte MF, Silvestri D, Barisone E, Messina C, Chiesa R, Santoro N, Tamaro P, Lippi A, Gallisai D, et al: Osteonecrosis: An emerging complication of intensive chemotherapy for childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 88:747–753. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

29 

Burger B, Beier R, Zimmermann M, Beck JD, Reiter A and Schrappe M: Osteonecrosis: A treatment related toxicity in childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL)-experiences from trial ALL-BFM 95. Pediatr Blood Cancer. 44:220–225. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Davies JH, Evans BA, Jenney ME and Gregory JW: In vitro effects of combination chemotherapy on osteoblasts: Implications for osteopenia in childhood malignancy. Bone. 31:319–326. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Karas-Kuzelicki N and Mlinaric-Rascan I: Individualization of thiopurine therapy: Thiopurine S-methyltransferase and beyond. Pharmacogenomics. 10:1309–1322. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Maltzman JS and Koretzky GA: Azathioprine: Old drug, new actions. J Clin Invest. 111:1122–1124. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Hernigou P, Beaujean F and Lambotte JC: Decrease in the mesenchymal stem-cell pool in the proximal femur in corticosteroid-induced osteonecrosis. J Bone Joint Surg Br. 81:349–355. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Yin L, Li YB and Wang YS: Dexamethasone-induced adipogenesis in primary marrow stromal cell cultures: Mechanism of steroid-induced osteonecrosis. Chin Med J (Engl). 119:581–588. 2006.PubMed/NCBI

35 

Muller I, Vaegler M, Holzwarth C, Tzaribatchev N, Pfister SM, Schütt B, Reize P, Greil J, Handgretinger R and Rudert M: Secretion of angiogenic proteins by human multipotent mesenchymal stromal cells and their clinical potential in the treatment of avascular osteonecrosis. Leukemia. 22:2054–2061. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Vaes BL, Lute C, van der Woning SP, Piek E, Vermeer J, Blom HJ, Mathers JC, Müller M, de Groot LC and Steegenga WT: Inhibition of methylation decreases osteoblast differentiation via a non-DNA-dependent methylation mechanism. Bone. 46:514–523. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Nakamura T, Imai Y, Matsumoto T, Sato S, Takeuchi K, Igarashi K, Harada Y, Azuma Y, Krust A, Yamamoto Y, et al: Estrogen prevents bone loss via estrogen receptor alpha and induction of Fas ligand in osteoclasts. Cell. 130:811–823. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Ioannidis JP, Stavrou I, Trikalinos TA, Zois C, Brandi ML, Gennari L, Albagha O, Ralston SH and Tsatsoulis A: ER-alpha Genetics Meta-Analysis: Association of polymorphisms of the estrogen receptor alpha gene with bone mineral density and fracture risk in women: A meta-analysis. J Bone Miner Res. 17:2048–2060. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Boot AM, van der Sluis IM, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM, van Meurs JB, Krenning EP, Pols HA and Uitterlinden AG: Estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms and bone mineral density in healthy children and young adults. Calcif Tissue Int. 74:495–500. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Maruyama H, Toji H, Harrington CR, Sasaki K, Izumi Y, Ohnuma T, Arai H, Yasuda M, Tanaka C, Emson PC, et al: Lack of an association of estrogen receptor alpha gene polymorphisms and transcriptional activity with Alzheimer disease. Arch Neurol. 57:236–240. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Riggs BL: The mechanisms of estrogen regulation of bone resorption. J Clin Invest. 106:1203–1204. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

te Winkel ML, van Beek RD, de Muinck Keizer-Schrama SM, Uitterlinden AG, Hop WC, Pieters R and van den Heuvel-Eibrink MM: Pharmacogenetic risk factors for altered bone mineral density and body composition in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia. Haematologica. 95:752–759. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Raisz LG: Pathogenesis of osteoporosis: Concepts, conflicts, and prospects. J Clin Invest. 115:3318–3325. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Karas‑Kuželički N, Mencej‑Bedrač S, Jazbec J, Marc J and Mlinarič‑Raščan I: Risk factors for symptomatic osteonecrosis in childhood ALL: A retrospective study of a Slovenian pediatric ALL population between 1970 and 2004. Exp Ther Med 12: 840-846, 2016.
APA
Karas‑Kuželički, N., Mencej‑Bedrač, S., Jazbec, J., Marc, J., & Mlinarič‑Raščan, I. (2016). Risk factors for symptomatic osteonecrosis in childhood ALL: A retrospective study of a Slovenian pediatric ALL population between 1970 and 2004. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 840-846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3391
MLA
Karas‑Kuželički, N., Mencej‑Bedrač, S., Jazbec, J., Marc, J., Mlinarič‑Raščan, I."Risk factors for symptomatic osteonecrosis in childhood ALL: A retrospective study of a Slovenian pediatric ALL population between 1970 and 2004". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.2 (2016): 840-846.
Chicago
Karas‑Kuželički, N., Mencej‑Bedrač, S., Jazbec, J., Marc, J., Mlinarič‑Raščan, I."Risk factors for symptomatic osteonecrosis in childhood ALL: A retrospective study of a Slovenian pediatric ALL population between 1970 and 2004". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 2 (2016): 840-846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3391
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Karas‑Kuželički N, Mencej‑Bedrač S, Jazbec J, Marc J and Mlinarič‑Raščan I: Risk factors for symptomatic osteonecrosis in childhood ALL: A retrospective study of a Slovenian pediatric ALL population between 1970 and 2004. Exp Ther Med 12: 840-846, 2016.
APA
Karas‑Kuželički, N., Mencej‑Bedrač, S., Jazbec, J., Marc, J., & Mlinarič‑Raščan, I. (2016). Risk factors for symptomatic osteonecrosis in childhood ALL: A retrospective study of a Slovenian pediatric ALL population between 1970 and 2004. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 840-846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3391
MLA
Karas‑Kuželički, N., Mencej‑Bedrač, S., Jazbec, J., Marc, J., Mlinarič‑Raščan, I."Risk factors for symptomatic osteonecrosis in childhood ALL: A retrospective study of a Slovenian pediatric ALL population between 1970 and 2004". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.2 (2016): 840-846.
Chicago
Karas‑Kuželički, N., Mencej‑Bedrač, S., Jazbec, J., Marc, J., Mlinarič‑Raščan, I."Risk factors for symptomatic osteonecrosis in childhood ALL: A retrospective study of a Slovenian pediatric ALL population between 1970 and 2004". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 2 (2016): 840-846. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3391
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team