Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
August-2016 Volume 12 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
August-2016 Volume 12 Issue 2

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signal pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration

  • Authors:
    • Chuqiang Qin
    • Bo Zhang
    • Liang Zhang
    • Zhi Zhang
    • Le Wang
    • Long Tang
    • Shuangqing Li
    • Yixi Yang
    • Fuguo Yang
    • Ping Zhang
    • Bo Yang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Orthopedic Surgery, The Third Affiliated Hospital, Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong 510150, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Qin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 611-618
    |
    Published online on: June 6, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3425
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Lower back pain (LBP) is a common and remitting problem. One of the primary causes of LBP is thought to be degeneration of the intervertebral disc (IVD). The aim of the present study was to investigate the role of the myeloid differentiation primary-response protein 88 (MyD88)‑dependent Toll‑like receptor 4 (TLR4) signal pathway in the mechanism of IVD degeneration. IVD nucleus pulposus cells isolated and cultured from the lumbar vertebrae of Wistar rats were stimulated by various doses of lipopolysaccharide (LPS; 0.1, 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml) to simulate IVD degeneration. Cells were rinsed and cultured in serum-free Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium/F12. Reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction was used to determine the levels of TLR4, MyD88, tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα), and interleukin‑1β (IL‑1β) mRNA expression after 1, 3, 6, 9 and 12 h of incubation. Additionally, western blot and enzyme‑linked immunosorbent assay analyses were used to determine the levels of TLR4, MyD88, TNFα, and IL‑1β protein expression after 24, 48 and 72 h of incubation. The levels of TLR4, MyD88, TNFα and IL‑1β mRNA all increased in the cells stimulated by 10 µg/ml LPS at 3, 6 and 9 h (all P<0.001). Furthermore, the levels of TLR4, MyD88, TNFα and IL‑1β protein all increased at 24, 48 and 72 h (all P<0.001). Additionally, the mRNA and protein levels of TLR4, MyD88, TNFα and IL‑1β increased significantly in the cells stimulated by 1, 10 and 100 µg/ml LPS compared with the control group, and reached a peak in the 10 µg/ml LPS group (all P<0.001). These results suggest that the MyD88-dependent TLR4 signal pathway is a target pathway in IVD degeneration. This pathway is time phase‑ and dose-dependent, and when activated can lead to the release of inflammatory factors that participate in IVD degeneration.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

View References

1 

Deyo RA, Cherkin D, Conrad D and Volinn E: Cost, controversy, crisis: Low back pain and the health of the public. Annu Rev Public Health. 12:141–156. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Kabbara A and Hayek SM: Intradiscal electrothermal therapy (IDET) for the treatment of discogenic pain. Tech Reg Anesth Pain Manag. 13:102–108. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Cheung KM, Karppinen J, Chan D, Ho DW, Song YQ, Sham P, Cheah KS, Leong JC and Luk KD: Prevalence and pattern of lumbar magnetic resonance imaging changes in a population study of one thousand forty-three individuals. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 34:934–940. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Ireland D: Molecular mechanisms involved in intervertebral disc degeneration and potential new treatment strategies. Biosci Horiz. 2:83–89. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar

5 

Maidhof R, Alipui DO, Rafiuddin A, Levine M, Grande DA and Chahine NO: Emerging trends in biological therapy for intervertebral disc degeneration. Discov Med. 14:401–411. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Rajan NE, Bloom O, Maidhof R, Stetson N, Sherry B, Levine M and Chahine NO: Toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4) expression and stimulation in a model of intervertebral disc inflammation and degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 38:1343–1351. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Antoniou J, Steffen T, Nelson F, Winterbottom N, Hollander AP, Poole RA, Aebi M and Alini M: The human lumbar intervertebral disc: Evidence for changes in the biosynthesis and denaturation of the extracellular matrix with growth, maturation, ageing, and degeneration. J Clin Invest. 98:996–1003. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Roughley PJ, Alini M and Antoniou J: The role of proteoglycans in aging, degeneration and repair of the intervertebral disc. Biochem Soc Trans. 30:869–874. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Le Maitre CL, Freemont AJ and Hoyland JA: Localization of degradative enzymes and their inhibitors in the degenerate human intervertebral disc. J Pathol. 204:47–54. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Pockert AJ, Richardson SM, Le Maitre CL, Lyon M, Deakin JA, Buttle DJ, Freemont AJ and Hoyland JA: Modified expression of the ADAMTS enzymes and tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinases 3 during human intervertebral disc degeneration. Arthritis Rheum. 60:482–491. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Goldring MB: The role of the chondrocyte in osteoarthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 43:1916–1926. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Lee S, Moon CS, Sul D, Lee J, Bae M, Hong Y, Lee M, Choi S, Derby R, Kim BJ, et al: Comparison of growth factor and cytokine expression in patients with degenerated disc disease and herniated nucleus pulposus. Clin Biochem. 42:1504–1511. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Masuda K, Imai Y, Okuma M, Muehleman C, Nakagawa K, Akeda K, Thonar E, Andersson G and An HS: Osteogenic protein-1 injection into a degenerated disc induces the restoration of disc height and structural changes in the rabbit anular puncture model. Spine. 31:742–754. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Ellman MB, Kim JS, An HS, Chen D, KC R, An J, Dittakavi T, van Wijnen AJ, Cs-Szabo G, Li X, et al: Toll-like receptor adaptor signaling molecule MyD88 on intervertebral disk homeostasis: in vitro, ex vivo studies. Gene. 505:283–290. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Weiler C, Nerlich AG, Bachmeier BE and Boos N: Expression and distribution of tumor necrosis factor alpha in human lumbar intervertebral discs: A study in surgical specimen and autopsy controls. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30:44–53; discussion 54. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Le Maitre CL, Hoyland JA and Freemont AJ: Catabolic cytokine expression in degenerate and herniated human intervertebral discs: IL-1beta and TNFalpha expression profile. Arthritis Res Ther. 9:R772007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Tukhvatulin AI, Logunov DY, Shcherbinin DN, Shmarov MM, Naroditsky BS, Gudkov AV and Gintsburg AL: Toll-like receptors and their adapter molecules. Biochemistry (Mosc). 75:1098–1114. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Janeway CJ and Medzhitov R: Innate immune recognition. Annu Rev Immunol. 20:197–216. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Akira S, Uematsu S and Takeuchi O: Pathogen recognition and innate immunity. Cell. 124:783–801. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Lee HK and Iwasaki A: Innate control of adaptive immunity: Dendritic cells and beyond. Semin Immunol. 19:48–55. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Takeda K, Kaisho T and Akira S: Toll-like receptors. Annu Rev Immunol. 21:335–376. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Beutler B: Inferences, questions and possibilities in Toll-like receptor signalling. Nature. 430:257–263. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Youn HS, Lee JY, Fitzgerald KA, Young HA, Akira S and Hwang DH: Specific inhibition of MyD88-independent signaling pathways of TLR3 and TLR4 by resveratrol: Molecular targets are TBK1 and RIP1 in TRIF complex. J Immunol. 175:3339–3346. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Akira S, Takeda K and Kaisho T: Toll-like receptors: Critical proteins linking innate and acquired immunity. Nat Immunol. 2:675–680. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Hiyama A, Sakai D, Risbud MV, Tanaka M, Arai F, Abe K and Mochida J: Enhancement of intervertebral disc cell senescence by WNT/β-catenin signaling-induced matrix metalloproteinase expression. Arthritis Rheum. 62:3036–3047. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Wang F, Wu XT, Zhuang SY, Wang YT, Hong X, Zhu L and Bao JP: Ex vivo observation of human nucleus pulposus chondrocytes isolated from degenerated intervertebral discs. Asian Spine J. 5:73–81. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Mao M, Lei H, Liu Q, Chen Y, Zhao L, Li Q, Luo S, Zuo Z, He Q, Huang W, et al: Effects of miR-33a-5P on ABCA1/G1-mediated cholesterol efflux under inflammatory stress in THP-1 macrophages. PLoS One. 9:e1097222014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

McGirt MJ, Ambrossi GL, Datoo G, Sciubba DM, Witham TF, Wolinsky JP, Gokaslan ZL and Bydon A: Recurrent disc herniation and long-term back pain after primary lumbar discectomy: Review of outcomes reported for limited versus aggressive disc removal. Neurosurgery. 64:338–344; discussion 344–345. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Glassman SD, Carreon LY, Djurasovic M, Dimar JR, Johnson JR, Puno RM and Campbell MJ: Lumbar fusion outcomes stratified by specific diagnostic indication. Spine J. 9:13–21. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Mirza SK and Deyo RA: Systematic review of randomized trials comparing lumbar fusion surgery to nonoperative care for treatment of chronic back pain. Spine. 32:816–823. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Galbusera F, Bellini CM, Zweig T, Ferguson S, Raimondi MT, Lamartina C, Brayda-Bruno M and Fornari M: Design concepts in lumbar total disc arthroplasty. Eur Spine J. 17:1635–1650. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Bothmann M, Kast E, Boldt GJ and Oberle J: Dynesys fixation for lumbar spine degeneration. Neurosurg Rev. 31:189–196. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Lu YC, Yeh WC and Ohashi PS: LPS/TLR4 signal transduction pathway. Cytokine. 42:145–151. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Barton GM and Medzhitov R: Toll-like receptor signaling pathways. Science. 300:1524–1525. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

O'Neill LA: Targeting signal transduction as a strategy to treat inflammatory diseases. Nat Rev Drug Discov. 5:549–563. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Kanzler H, Barrat FJ, Hessel EM and Coffman RL: Therapeutic targeting of innate immunity with Toll-like receptor agonists and antagonists. Nat Med. 13:552–559. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Netea MG, van Deuren M, Kullberg BJ, Cavaillon JM and Van der Meer JW: Does the shape of lipid A determine the interaction of LPS with Toll-like receptors? Trends Immunol. 23:135–139. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Beutler B: Tlr4: Central component of the sole mammalian LPS sensor. Curr Opin Immunol. 12:20–26. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Masuda K, Aota Y, Muehleman C, Imai Y, Okuma M, Thonar EJ, Andersson GB and An HS: A novel rabbit model of mild, reproducible disc degeneration by an anulus needle puncture: Correlation between the degree of disc injury and radiological and histological appearances of disc degeneration. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30:5–14. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Sobajima S, Kompel JF, Kim JS, Wallach CJ, Robertson DD, Vogt MT, Kang JD and Gilbertson LG: A slowly progressive and reproducible animal model of intervertebral disc degeneration characterized by MRI, X-ray and histology. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30:15–24. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Kim KS, Yoon ST, Li J, Park JS and Hutton WC: Disc degeneration in the rabbit: A biochemical and radiological comparison between four disc injury models. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 30:33–37. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Rousseau MA, Ulrich JA, Bass EC, Rodriguez AG, Liu JJ and Lotz JC: Stab incision for inducing intervertebral disc degeneration in the rat. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32:17–24. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Sobajima S, Shimer AL, Chadderdon RC, Kompel JF, Kim JS, Gilbertson LG and Kang JD: Quantitative analysis of gene expression in a rabbit model of intervertebral disc degeneration by real-time polymerase chain reaction. Spine J. 5:14–23. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Ulrich JA, Liebenberg EC, Thuillier DU and Lotz JC: ISSLS prize winner: Repeated disc injury causes persistent inflammation. Spine (Phila Pa 1976). 32:2812–2819. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Qin C, Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Wang L, Tang L, Li S, Yang Y, Yang F, Zhang P, Zhang P, et al: MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signal pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration. Exp Ther Med 12: 611-618, 2016.
APA
Qin, C., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Tang, L. ... Yang, B. (2016). MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signal pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 611-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3425
MLA
Qin, C., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Tang, L., Li, S., Yang, Y., Yang, F., Zhang, P., Yang, B."MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signal pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.2 (2016): 611-618.
Chicago
Qin, C., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Tang, L., Li, S., Yang, Y., Yang, F., Zhang, P., Yang, B."MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signal pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 2 (2016): 611-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3425
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Qin C, Zhang B, Zhang L, Zhang Z, Wang L, Tang L, Li S, Yang Y, Yang F, Zhang P, Zhang P, et al: MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signal pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration. Exp Ther Med 12: 611-618, 2016.
APA
Qin, C., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Tang, L. ... Yang, B. (2016). MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signal pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 611-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3425
MLA
Qin, C., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Tang, L., Li, S., Yang, Y., Yang, F., Zhang, P., Yang, B."MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signal pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.2 (2016): 611-618.
Chicago
Qin, C., Zhang, B., Zhang, L., Zhang, Z., Wang, L., Tang, L., Li, S., Yang, Y., Yang, F., Zhang, P., Yang, B."MyD88-dependent Toll-like receptor 4 signal pathway in intervertebral disc degeneration". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 2 (2016): 611-618. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3425
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team