Open Access

Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin on Alzheimer's disease in vitro and in vivo

  • Authors:
    • Qingwang Lian
    • Yongsheng Nie
    • Xiaoyou Zhang
    • Bo Tan
    • Hongying Cao
    • Wenling Chen
    • Weiming Gao
    • Jiayi Chen
    • Zhijian Liang
    • Huangling Lai
    • Siming Huang
    • Yifei Xu
    • Weiwen Jiang
    • Ping Huang
  • View Affiliations

  • Published online on: July 18, 2016     https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3530
  • Pages: 1681-1692
  • Copyright: © Lian et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

Grape seed proanthocyanidin (GSPA) consists of catechin, epicatechin and epicatechin gallate, which are strong antioxidants that are beneficial to health and may attenuate or prevent Alzheimer's disease (AD). In the present study, the effects of GSPA on pheochromocytoma (PC12) cell viability were determined using cell counting kit‑8 and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assays, whereas apoptosis and mitochondrial membrane potential (Ψm) were measured via flow cytometry analysis. The effect of GSPA administration on the behavior and memory of amyloid precursor protein (APP)/presenilin-1 (PS-1) double transgenic mice was assessed using a Morris water maze. APP Aβ peptides and tau hyperphosphorylation were examined by western blotting; whereas the expression levels of PS‑1 were evaluated by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction and compared with pathological sections stained with hematoxylin-eosin and Congo red. Data from the in vitro experiments demonstrated that GSPA significantly alleviated Aβ25‑35 cytotoxicity and LDH leakage ratio, inhibited apoptosis and increased Ψm. The findings from the in vivo experiments showed a significant enhancement in cognition and spatial memory ability, an improvement in the pathology of APP and tau protein and a decrease in PS‑1 mRNA expression levels. Therefore, the results of the present study indicated that GSPA may be a novel therapeutic strategy for the treatment of AD or may, at the very least, improve the quality of life of patients with AD.
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September-2016
Volume 12 Issue 3

Print ISSN: 1792-0981
Online ISSN:1792-1015

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Copy and paste a formatted citation
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Spandidos Publications style
Lian Q, Nie Y, Zhang X, Tan B, Cao H, Chen W, Gao W, Chen J, Liang Z, Lai H, Lai H, et al: Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin on Alzheimer's disease in vitro and in vivo. Exp Ther Med 12: 1681-1692, 2016
APA
Lian, Q., Nie, Y., Zhang, X., Tan, B., Cao, H., Chen, W. ... Huang, P. (2016). Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin on Alzheimer's disease in vitro and in vivo. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 1681-1692. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3530
MLA
Lian, Q., Nie, Y., Zhang, X., Tan, B., Cao, H., Chen, W., Gao, W., Chen, J., Liang, Z., Lai, H., Huang, S., Xu, Y., Jiang, W., Huang, P."Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin on Alzheimer's disease in vitro and in vivo". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.3 (2016): 1681-1692.
Chicago
Lian, Q., Nie, Y., Zhang, X., Tan, B., Cao, H., Chen, W., Gao, W., Chen, J., Liang, Z., Lai, H., Huang, S., Xu, Y., Jiang, W., Huang, P."Effects of grape seed proanthocyanidin on Alzheimer's disease in vitro and in vivo". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 3 (2016): 1681-1692. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3530