Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
November-2016 Volume 12 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
November-2016 Volume 12 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article

Diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis

  • Authors:
    • Ming‑Yu Wang
    • Xian‑Bin Wang
    • Xue‑Hui Sun
    • Feng‑Li Liu
    • Sheng‑Chuan Huang
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Rheumatology and Immunology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China, Department of Rheumatology and Radiology, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China, Department of Rheumatology and Ultrasonography, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Yantai, Shandong 264000, P.R. China
  • Pages: 3035-3040
    |
    Published online on: September 13, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3695
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Early diagnosis and management improve the outcome of patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA). The present study explored the application of high‑frequency ultrasound (US) and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in the detection of early RA. Thirty-nine patients (20 males and 19 females) diagnosed with early RA were enrolled in the study. A total of 1,248 positions, including 858 hand joints and 390 tendons, were examined by high‑frequency US and MRI to evaluate the presence of bone erosion, bone marrow edema (BME), synovial proliferation, joint effusion, tendinitis and tendon sheath edema. The imaging results of the above abnormalities, detected by US, were compared with those identified using MRI. No statistically significant overall changes were observed between high‑frequency US and MRI in detecting bone erosion [44 (5.1%) vs. 35 (4.1%), respectively; P>0.05], tendinitis [18 (4.6%) vs. 14 (1.5%), respectively; P>0.05] and tendon sheath edema [37 (9.5%) vs. 30 (7.7%), respectively; P>0.05]. Significant differences were observed between high-frequency US and MRI with regards to the detection of synovial proliferation [132 (15.4%) vs. 66 (7.7%), respectively; P<0.05] and joint effusion [89 (10.4%) vs. 52 (6.1%), respectively; P<0.05]. In addition, significant differences were identified between the detection of BME using MRI compared with high‑frequency US (5.5 vs. 0%, respectively; P<0.05). MRI and high‑frequency US of the dominant hand and wrist joints were comparably sensitive to bone erosion, tendinitis and tendon sheath edema. However, MRI was more sensitive in detecting bone marrow edema in early RA, while US was more sensitive in the evaluation of joint effusion and synovial proliferation. In conclusion, US and MRI are promising for the detection and diagnosis of inflammatory activity in patients with RA.
View Figures

Figure 1

View References

1 

Gibofsky A: Overview of epidemiology, pathophysiology and diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Manag Care. 18(Suppl 13): S295–S302. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Apfelberg D, Maser R, Lash H, Kaye R, Britton M and Bobrove A: Rheumatoid hand deformities: Pathophysiology and treatment. West J Med. 129:267–272. 1978.PubMed/NCBI

3 

Machold KP, Stamm TA, Nell VP, Pflugbeil S, Aletaha D, Steiner G, Uffmann M and Smolen JS: Very recent onset rheumatoid arthritis: Clinical and serological patient characteristics associated with radiographic progression over the first years of disease. Rheumatology (Oxford). 46:342–349. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Khan KM, Forster BB, Robinson J, Cheong Y, Louis L, Maclean L and Taunton JE: Are ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging of value in assessment of Achilles tendon disorders? A two year prospective study. Br J Sports Med. 37:149–153. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Østergaard M, Peterfy C, Conaghan P, McQueen F, Bird P, Ejbjerg B, Shnier R, O'Connor P, Klarlund M, Emery P, et al: OMERACT rheumatoid arthritis magnetic resonance imaging studies. Core set of MRI acquisitions, joint pathology definitions and the OMERACT RA-MRI scoring system. J Rheumatol. 30:1385–1386. 2003.PubMed/NCBI

6 

Ostendorf B, Scherer A, Mödder U and Schneider M: Diagnostic value of magnetic resonance imaging of the forefeet in early rheumatoid arthritis when findings on imaging of the metacarpophalangeal joints of the hands remain normal. Arthritis Rheum. 50:2094–2102. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Suter L, Fraenkel L and Braithwaite R: The role of magnetic resonance imaging in the diagnosis and prognosis of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Care Res (Hoboken). 63:675–688. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Døhn UM, Ejbjerg BJ, Hasselquist M, Narvestad E, Court-Payen M, Szkudlarek M, Møller J, Thomsen HS and Ostergaard M: Rheumatoid arthritis bone erosion volumes on CT and MRI: Reliability and correlations with erosion scores on CT, MRI and radiography. Ann Rheum Dis. 66:1388–1392. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Narváez J, Sirvent E, Narváez JA, Bas J, Gómez-Vaquero C, Reina D, Nolla JM and Valverde J: Usefulness of magnetic resonance imaging of the hand versus anticyclic citrullinated peptide antibody testing to confirm the diagnosis of clinically suspected early rheumatoid arthritis in the absence of rheumatoid factor and radiographic erosion. Semin Arthritis Rheum. 38:101–109. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Backhaus M, Burmester G, Sandrock D, Loreck D, Hess D, Scholz A, Blind S, Hamm B and Bollow M: Prospective two year follow up study comparing novel and conventional imaging procedures in patients with arthritic finger joints. Ann Rheum Dis. 61:895–904. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Zheng G, Wang L, Jia X, Li F, Yan Y, Yu Z, Li L, Wei Q and Zhang F: Application of high frequency color doppler ultrasound in the monitoring of rheumatoid arthritis treatment. Exp Ther Med. 8:1807–1812. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

12 

McQueen FM: Imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 27:499–522. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Arnett FC, Edworthy SM, Bloch DA, McShane DJ, Fries JF, Cooper NS, Healey LA, Kaplan SR, Liang MH and Luthra HS: The American rheumatism association 1987 revised criteria for the classification of rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 31:315–324. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Schmidt W, Schmidt H, Schicke B and Gromnica-Ihle E: Standard reference values for musculoskeletal ultrasonography. Ann Rheum Dis. 63:988–994. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Wakefield RJ, Balint PV, Szkudlarek M, Filippucci E, Backhaus M, D'Agostino MA, Sanchez EN, Iagnocco A, Schmidt WA, Bruyn GA, et al: Musculoskeletal ultrasound including definitions for ultrasonographic pathology. J Rheumatol. 32:2485–2487. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Gabriel SE: The epidemiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Rheum Dis Clin North Am. 27:269–281. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Cooles FA and Isaacs JD: Pathophysiology of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 23:233–240. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Scott IC, Steer S, Lewis CM and Cope AP: Precipitating and perpetuating factors of rheumatoid arthritis immunopathology: Linking the triad of genetic predisposition, environmental risk factors and autoimmunity to disease pathogenesis. Best Pract Res Clin Rheumatol. 25:447–468. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Hutchinson D, Shepstone L, Moots R, Lear J and Lynch M: Heavy cigarette smoking is strongly associated with rheumatoid arthritis (RA), particularly in patients without a family history of RA. Ann Rheum Dis. 60:223–227. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Cutolo M and Straub RH: Stress as a risk factor in the pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Neuroimmunomodulation. 13:277–282. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Kahlenberg J and Fox D: Advances in the medical treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Hand Clin. 27:11–20. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Nell V, Machold K, Eberl G, Stamm T, Uffmann M and Smolen J: Benefit of very early referral and very early therapy with disease-modifying anti-rheumatic drugs in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatology (Oxford). 43:906–914. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Guillemin F, Billot L, Boini S, Gerard N, Ødegaard S and Kvien TK: Reproducibility and sensitivity to change of 5 methods for scoring hand radiographic damage in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 32:778–786. 2005.PubMed/NCBI

24 

Hodgson RJ, O'Connor P and Moots R: MRI of rheumatoid arthritis image quantitation for the assessment of disease activity, progression and response to therapy. Rheumatology. 47:13–21. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Patil P and Dasgupta B: Role of diagnostic ultrasound in the assessment of musculoskeletal diseases. Ther Adv Musculoskelet Dis. 4:341–355. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Foltz V, Gandjbakhch F, Etchepare F, Rosenberg C, Tanguy ML, Rozenberg S, Bourgeois P and Fautrel B: Power doppler ultrasound, but not low-field magnetic resonance imaging, predicts relapse and radiographic disease progression in rheumatoid arthritis patients with low levels of disease activity. Arthritis Rheum. 64:67–76. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Amin MF, Ismail FM and El Shereef RR: The role of ultrasonography in early detection and monitoring of shoulder erosion and disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis patients; comparison with MRI examination. Acad Radiol. 19:693–700. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Szkudlarek M, Court-Payen M, Strandberg C, Klarlund M, Klausen T and Østergaard M: Power doppler ultrasonography for assessment of synovitis in the metacarpophalangeal joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis: A comparison with dynamic magnetic resonance imaging. Arthritis Rheum. 44:2018–2023. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Rahmani M, Chegini H, Najafizadeh SR, Azimi M, Habibollahi P and Shakiba M: Detection of bone erosion in early rheumatoid arthritis: Ultrasonography and conventional radiography versus non-contrast magnetic resonance imaging. Clin Rheumatol. 29:883–891. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Orr JD, Sabesan V, Major N and Nunley J: Painful bone marrow edema syndrome of the foot and ankle. Foot Ankle Int. 31:949–953. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

McQueen FM and Ostendorf B: What is MRI bone oedema in rheumatoid arthritis and why does it matter? Arthritis Res Ther. 8:2222006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Szopińska I, Kontny E, Maśliński W, Sobieszek M, Warczyńska A and Kwiatkowska B: Significance of bone marrow edema in pathogenesis of rheumatoid arthritis. Pol J Radiol. 78:57–63. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

33 

Schett G and Gravallese E: Bone erosion in rheumatoid arthritis: mechanisms, diagnosis and treatment. Nat Rev Rheumatol. 8:656–664. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Jimenez-Boj E, Nöbauer-Huhmann I, Hanslik-Schnabel B, Dorotka R, Wanivenhaus AH, Kainberger F, Trattnig S, Axmann R, Tsuji W, Hermann S, et al: Bone erosion and bone marrow edema as defined by magnetic resonance imaging reflect true bone marrow inflammation in rheumatoid arthritis. Arthritis Rheum. 56:1118–1124. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Magnani M, Salizzoni E, Mulè R, Fusconi M, Meliconi R and Galletti S: Ultrasonography detection of early bone erosion in the metacarpophalangeal joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol. 22:743–748. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

36 

Hoving JL, Buchbinder R, Hall S, Lawler G, Coombs P, McNealy S, Bird P and Connell D: A comparison of magnetic resonance imaging, sonography and radiography of the hand in patients with early rheumatoid arthritis. J Rheumatol. 31:663–675. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

37 

Alvarez-Nemegyei J and Canoso JJ: Evidence-based soft tissue rheumatology: III: Trochanteric bursitis. J Clin Rheumatol. 10:123–124. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Harcke HT, Grissom LE and Finkelstein MS: Evaluation of the musculoskeletal system with sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 150:1253–1261. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Kannegieter NJ: Chronic proliferative synovitis of the equine metacarpophalangeal joint. Vet Rec. 127:8–10. 1990.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Barile A, Sabatini M, Iannessi F, Di Cesare E, Splendiani A, Calvisi V and Masciocchi C: Pigmented villonodular synovitis (PVNS) of the knee joint: magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) using standard and dynamic paramagnetic contrast media. Report of 52 cases surgically and histologically controlled. Radiol Med. 107:356–366. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

41 

Kasukawa R, Takeda I, Iwadate H and Kanno T: Ultrasonographic evaluation of synovial effusion and synovial proliferation pattern in the knee joints of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Mod Rheumatol. 12:64–68. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Ong CK, Lirk P, Tan CH and Seymour RA: An evidence-based update on nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. Clin Med Res. 5:19–34. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Gaffo A, Saag KG and Curtis JR: Treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Am J Health Syst Pharm. 63:2451–2465. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Gorter SL, Bijlsma JW, Cutolo M, Gomez-Reino J, Kouloumas M, Smolen JS and Landewé R: Current evidence for the management of rheumatoid arthritis with glucocorticoids: A systematic literature review informing the EULAR recommendations for the management of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 69:1010–1014. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Vlieland TP and Van den Ende CH: Nonpharmacological treatment of rheumatoid arthritis. Curr Opin Rheumatol. 23:259–264. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Wang MY, Wang XB, Sun XH, Liu FL and Huang SC: Diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Ther Med 12: 3035-3040, 2016.
APA
Wang, M., Wang, X., Sun, X., Liu, F., & Huang, S. (2016). Diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 3035-3040. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3695
MLA
Wang, M., Wang, X., Sun, X., Liu, F., Huang, S."Diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.5 (2016): 3035-3040.
Chicago
Wang, M., Wang, X., Sun, X., Liu, F., Huang, S."Diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 5 (2016): 3035-3040. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3695
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Wang MY, Wang XB, Sun XH, Liu FL and Huang SC: Diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis. Exp Ther Med 12: 3035-3040, 2016.
APA
Wang, M., Wang, X., Sun, X., Liu, F., & Huang, S. (2016). Diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 12, 3035-3040. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3695
MLA
Wang, M., Wang, X., Sun, X., Liu, F., Huang, S."Diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12.5 (2016): 3035-3040.
Chicago
Wang, M., Wang, X., Sun, X., Liu, F., Huang, S."Diagnostic value of high-frequency ultrasound and magnetic resonance imaging in early rheumatoid arthritis". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 12, no. 5 (2016): 3035-3040. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3695
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team