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Review Open Access

Role of microRNAs in cardiac development and disease (Review)

  • Authors:
    • Jing Tian
    • Xinjiang An
    • Ling Niu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Cardiology, Xuzhou Children's Hospital, Xuzhou, Jiangsu 221002, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Tian et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 3-8
    |
    Published online on: November 28, 2016
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3932
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Abstract

Heart disease-related deaths are the highest in most societies and congenital heart diseases account for approximately 40% of prenatal deaths and over 20% of mortality in the first few months after birth. Congenital heart disease affects approximately 1% of all newborns and is the causative factor for more deaths within the first year of life as compared to all other genetic defects. Advances in treatment approaches increased life expectancy and led to an expansion of adult population with clinical manifestation of congenital heart defects in up to 90% of the children born with congenital heart diseases. Regulation of cardiac gene expression involves multiple independent enhancers that play a critical role in maintaining a restricted and specific pattern of gene expression in the heart. Cardiac transcriptional pathways are intimately regulated by microRNAs (miRNAs), which are small, regulatory RNAs, approximately 22 nucleotides in length, also coded by specific genes. These miRNAs act as suppressors of gene expression by inhibiting translation and/or promoting degradation of target protein‑coding mRNAs. There are several miRNAs involved in the development of heart and dysregulation of specific miRNAs is associated with congenital and other cardiac defects. Stress responsive cardiac hypertrophy is orchestrated among other factors, by specific miRNAs. miRNAs such as miR‑499 are considered useful as biomarkers of a given heart disease. Therapeutic application of miRNAs is also envisaged considering the small size and specific effects of these molecules. In this review, we addressed different roles of miRNAs in the development and diseases of the heart.
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Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Tian J, An X and Niu L: Role of microRNAs in cardiac development and disease (Review). Exp Ther Med 13: 3-8, 2017.
APA
Tian, J., An, X., & Niu, L. (2017). Role of microRNAs in cardiac development and disease (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 13, 3-8. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3932
MLA
Tian, J., An, X., Niu, L."Role of microRNAs in cardiac development and disease (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13.1 (2017): 3-8.
Chicago
Tian, J., An, X., Niu, L."Role of microRNAs in cardiac development and disease (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13, no. 1 (2017): 3-8. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3932
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Tian J, An X and Niu L: Role of microRNAs in cardiac development and disease (Review). Exp Ther Med 13: 3-8, 2017.
APA
Tian, J., An, X., & Niu, L. (2017). Role of microRNAs in cardiac development and disease (Review). Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 13, 3-8. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3932
MLA
Tian, J., An, X., Niu, L."Role of microRNAs in cardiac development and disease (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13.1 (2017): 3-8.
Chicago
Tian, J., An, X., Niu, L."Role of microRNAs in cardiac development and disease (Review)". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13, no. 1 (2017): 3-8. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2016.3932
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