Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
April-2017 Volume 13 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
April-2017 Volume 13 Issue 4

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Dysfunction of the thymus in mice with hypertension

  • Authors:
    • Xianliang Dai
    • Shuaibo Huang
    • Zhiqing He
    • Feng Wu
    • Ru Ding
    • Yihong Chen
    • Chun Liang
    • Zonggui Wu
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Cardiology, Changzheng Hospital, The Second Military Medical University, Shanghai 200003, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Dai et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 1386-1392
    |
    Published online on: February 15, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4125
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate thymus function in mice with hypertension. A total of 60 C57BL/6J mice were randomized into control, sham surgery and two‑kidney, one‑clip groups (n=20 in each). At 4 or 8 weeks after surgery, mice were sacrificed, and blood, spleens, kidneys and thymuses were harvested. The results of reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction analysis revealed that the mRNA levels of Forkhead box protein N1 (Foxn1) and autoimmune regulator (AIRE) in the thymus tissue of mice from the HTN group were significantly lower than those from the control group at 4 and 8 weeks (P<0.05). Foxn1 and AIRE expression was also reduced in the sham surgery group at 4 weeks after surgery, but had recovered 4 weeks later. Similar results were observed for the expression of signal‑joint T cell receptor excision circles and the percentages of T cell subsets. The present study indicates that impaired thymus function is associated with hypertension in mice, which suggests that thymus function may be a novel target for the treatment of patients with hypertension.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

View References

1 

Vaziri ND, Wang XQ, Oveisi F and Rad B: Induction of oxidative stress by glutathione depletion causes severe hypertension in normal rats. Hypertension. 36:142–146. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Vinh A, Chen W, Blinder Y, Weiss D, Taylor WR, Goronzy JJ, Weyand CM, Harrison DG and Guzik TJ: Inhibition and genetic ablation of the B7/CD28 T cell costimulation axis prevents experimental hypertension. Ccirculation. 122:2529–2537. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar

3 

Cavasin MA, Liao TD, Yang XP, Yang JJ and Carretero OA: Decreased endogenous levels of Ac-SDKP promote organ fibrosis. Hypertension. 50:130–136. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Neutel JM, Giles T, Punzi H, Weiss RJ, Li H and Finck A: Long-term safety of nebivolol and valsartan combination therapy in patients with hypertension: An open-label, single-arm, multicenter study. J Am Soc Hypertens. 8:915–920. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Ebringer A and Doyle AE: Raised serum IgG levels in hypertension. Br Med J. 2:146–148. 1970. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

De Ciuceis C, Rossini C, La Boria E, Porteri E, Petroboni B, Gavazzi A, Sarkar A, Rosei EA and Rizzoni D: Immune Mechanisms in Hypertension. High Blood Press Cardiovasc Prev. 21:227–234. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Leibowitz A and Schiffrin EL: Immune mechanisms in hypertension. Curr Hypertens Rep. 13:465–472. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Sonmez A, Kisa U, Uckaya G, Eyileten T, Comert B, Koc B, Kocabalkan F and Ozata M: Effects of losartan treatment on T-cell activities and plasma leptin concentrations in primary hypertension. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 2:112–116. 2001.PubMed/NCBI

9 

Walters SN, Webster KE, Daley S and Grey ST: A role for intrathymic B cells in the generation of natural regulatory T cells. J Immunol. 193:170–176. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Ruan L, Zhang Z, Mu L, Burnley P, Wang L, Coder B, Zhuge Q and Su DM: Biological significance of FoxN1 gain-of-function mutations during T and B lymphopoiesis in juvenile mice. Cell Death Dis. 5:e14572014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Bredenkamp N, Ulyanchenko S, O'Neill KE, Manley NR, Vaidya HJ and Blackburn CC: An organized and functional thymus generated from FOXN1-reprogrammed fibroblasts. Nat Cell Biol. 16:902–908. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Zook EC, Krishack PA, Zhang S, Zeleznik-Le NJ, Firulli AB, Witte PL and Le PT: Overexpression of Foxn1 attenuates age-associated thymic involution and prevents the expansion of peripheral CD4 memory T cells. Blood. 118:5723–5731. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Bredenkamp N, Nowell CS and Blackburn CC: Regeneration of the aged thymus by a single transcription factor. Development. 141:1627–1637. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Fukuda S, Tsuchikura S and Iida H: Age-related changes in blood pressure, hematological values, concentrations of serum biochemical constituents and weights of organs in the SHR/Izm, SHRSP/Izm and WKY/Izm. Exp Anim. 53:67–72. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Lovewell TR, McDonagh AJ, Messenger AG, Azzouz M and Tazi-Ahnini R: The AIRE-230Y Polymorphism affects aire transcriptional activity: Potential influence on aire function in the thymus. PLoS One. 10:e01274762015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Liston A, Gray DH, Lesage S, Fletcher AL, Wilson J, Webster KE, Scott HS, Boyd RL, Peltonen L and Goodnow CC: Gene dosage-limiting role of Aire in thymic expression, clonal deletion, and organ-specific autoimmunity. J Exp Med. 200:1015–1026. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Berthiaume F, Aparicio CL, Eungdamrong J and Yarmush ML: Age- and disease-related decline in immune function: An opportunity for ‘thymus-boosting’ therapies. Tissue Eng. 5:499–514. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Lang PO, Govind S, Dramé M and Aspinall R: Measuring the TREC ratio in dried blood spot samples: Intra- and inter-filter paper cards reproducibility. J Immunol Methods. 389:1–8. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Lynch HE and Sempowski GD: Molecular measurement of T cell receptor excision circles. Methods Mol Biol. 979:147–159. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Hug A, Korporal M, Schröder I, Haas J, Glatz K, Storch-Hagenlocher B and Wildemann B: Thymic export function and T cell homeostasis in patients with relapsing remitting multiple sclerosis. J Immunol. 171:432–437. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Sodora DL, Douek DC, Silvestri G, Montgomery L, Rosenzweig M, Igarashi T, Bernacky B, Johnson RP, Feinberg MB, Martin MA and Koup RA: Quantification of thymic function by measuring T cell receptor excision circles within peripheral blood and lymphoid tissues in monkeys. Eur J Immunol. 30:1145–1153. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Chiarini M, Sottini A, Bertoli D, Serana F, Caimi L, Rasia S, Capra R and Imberti L: Newly produced T and B lymphocytes and T-cell receptor repertoire diversity are reduced in peripheral blood of fingolimod-treated multiple sclerosis patients. Mult Scler. 21:726–734. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Al-Harthi L, Marchetti G, Steffens CM, Poulin J, Sékaly R and Landay A: Detection of T cell receptor circles (TRECs) as biomarkers for de novo T cell synthesis using a quantitative polymerase chain reaction-enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (PCR-ELISA). J Immunol Methods. 237:187–197. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Jiménez PM, Conde C, Casanegra A, Romero C, Tabares AH and Orías M: Association of ACE genotype and predominantly diastolic hypertension: A preliminary study. J Renin Angiotensin Aldosterone Syst. 8:42–44. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Campagnaro BP, Gava AL, Meyrelles SS and Vasquez EC: Cardiac-autonomic imbalance and baroreflex dysfunction in the renovascular Angiotensin-dependent hypertensive mouse. Int J Hypertens. 2012:9681232012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhou YB, Sun HJ, Chen D, Liu TY, Han Y, Wang JJ, Tang CS, Kang YM and Zhu GQ: Intermedin in paraventricular nucleus attenuates sympathetic activity and blood pressure via nitric oxide in hypertensive rats. Hypertension. 63:330–337. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Wei Z, Spizzo I, Diep H, Drummond GR, Widdop RE and Vinh A: Differential phenotypes of tissue-infiltrating T cells during angiotensin II-induced hypertension in Mice. PLoS One. 9:e1148952014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Guzik TJ, Hoch NE, Brown KA, McCann LA, Rahman A, Dikalov S, Goronzy J, Weyand C and Harrison DG: Role of the T cell in the genesis of angiotensin II-induced hypertension and vascular dysfunction. J Exp Med. 204:2449–2460. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-tie quantitative PCR and the 2(−Delta Delta C(T)) Method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Ortman CL, Dittmar KA, Witte PL and Le PT: Molecular characterization of the mouse involuted thymus: Aberrations in expression of transcription regulators in thymocyte and epithelial compartments. Int Immunol. 14:813–822. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

McDonald CA, Payne NL, Sun G, Moussa L, Siatskas C, Lim R, Wallace EM, Jenkin G and Bernard CC: Immuno-suppressive potential of human amnion epithelial cells in the treatment of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. J Neuroinflammation. 12:1122015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Ammirati E, Cianflone D, Vecchio V, Banfi M, Vermi AC, De Metrio M, Grigore L, Pellegatta F, Pirillo A, Garlaschelli K, et al: Effector memory t cells are associated with atherosclerosis in humans and animal models. J Am Heart Assoc. 1:27–41. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Bernardi AI, Andersson A, Stubelius A, Grahnemo L, Carlsten H and Islander U: Selective estrogen receptor modulators in T cell development and T cell dependent inflammation. Immunobiology. 220:1122–1128. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Petrie HT: Cell migration and the control of post-natal T-cell lymphopoiesis in the thymus. Nat Rev Immunol. 3:859–866. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Klausmann S, Sydler T, Summerfield A, Lewis FI, Weilenmann R, Sidler X and Brugnera E: T-cell reprogramming through targeted CD4-coreceptor and T-cell receptor expression on maturing thymocytes by latent Circoviridae family member porcine circovirus type 2 cell infections in the thymus. Emerg Microbes Infect. 4:e152015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Ringhoffer S, Rojewski M, Döhner H, Bunjes D and Ringhoffer M: T-cell reconstitution after allogeneic stem cell transplantation: Assessment by measurement of the sjTREC/βTREC ratio and thymic naïve T cells. Haematologica. 98:1600–1608. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Ou XL, Gao J, Wang H, Wang HS, Lu HL and Sun HY: Predicting human age with bloodstains by sjTREC quantification. PLoS One. 7:e424122012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Douek DC, McFarland RD, Keiser PH, Gage EA, Massey JM, Haynes BF, Polis MA, Haase AT, Feinberg MB, Sullivan JL, et al: Changes in thymic function with age and during the treatment of HIV infection. Nature. 396:690–695. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Feng YJ, Wang HC, Li YC and Zhao WH: Hypertension screening and follow-up management by primary health care system among chinese population aged 35 years and above. Biomed Environ Sci. 28:330–340. 2015.PubMed/NCBI

40 

Yang PR, Shih WT, Chu YH, Chen PC and Wu CY: Frequency and co-prescription pattern of Chinese herbal products for hypertension in Taiwan: A Cohort study. BMC Complement Altern Med. 15:1632015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Romano R, Palamaro L, Fusco A, Giardino G, Gallo V, Del Vecchio L and Pignata C: FOXN1: A master regulator gene of thymic epithelial development program. Front Immunol. 4:1872013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Romano R, Palamaro L, Fusco A, Iannace L, Maio S, Vigliano I, Giardino G and Pignata C: From murine to human nude/SCID: the thymus, T-cell development and the missing link. Clin Dev Immunol. 2012:4671012012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Jin X, Nowell CS, Ulyanchenko S, Stenhouse FH and Blackburn CC: Long-Term Persistence of functional thymic epithelial progenitor cells in vivo under conditions of low FOXN1 expression. PLoS One. 9:e1148422014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

44 

Misa-Agustiño MJ, Leiro-Vidal JM, Gomez-Amoza JL, Jorge-Mora MT, Jorge-Barreiro FJ, Salas-Sánchez AA, Ares-Pena FJ and López-Martín E: EMF radiation at 2450 MHz triggers changes in the morphology and expression of heat shock proteins and glucocorticoid receptors in rat thymus. Life Sci. 127:1–11. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

45 

Gupta S, Haldar C and Ahmad R: Photoperiodic regulation of nuclear melatonin receptor RORα in lymphoid organs of a tropical rodent Funambulus pennanti: Role in seasonal oxidative stress. J Photochem Photobiol B. 142:141–153. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

46 

Novoselova EG, Lunin SM, Khrenov MO, Parfenyuk SB, Novoselova TV, Shenkman BS and Fesenko EE: Changes in immune cell signalling, apoptosis and stress response functions in mice returned from the BION-M1 mission in space. Immunobiology. 220:500–509. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Dai X, Huang S, He Z, Wu F, Ding R, Chen Y, Liang C and Wu Z: Dysfunction of the thymus in mice with hypertension. Exp Ther Med 13: 1386-1392, 2017.
APA
Dai, X., Huang, S., He, Z., Wu, F., Ding, R., Chen, Y. ... Wu, Z. (2017). Dysfunction of the thymus in mice with hypertension. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 13, 1386-1392. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4125
MLA
Dai, X., Huang, S., He, Z., Wu, F., Ding, R., Chen, Y., Liang, C., Wu, Z."Dysfunction of the thymus in mice with hypertension". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13.4 (2017): 1386-1392.
Chicago
Dai, X., Huang, S., He, Z., Wu, F., Ding, R., Chen, Y., Liang, C., Wu, Z."Dysfunction of the thymus in mice with hypertension". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13, no. 4 (2017): 1386-1392. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4125
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Dai X, Huang S, He Z, Wu F, Ding R, Chen Y, Liang C and Wu Z: Dysfunction of the thymus in mice with hypertension. Exp Ther Med 13: 1386-1392, 2017.
APA
Dai, X., Huang, S., He, Z., Wu, F., Ding, R., Chen, Y. ... Wu, Z. (2017). Dysfunction of the thymus in mice with hypertension. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 13, 1386-1392. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4125
MLA
Dai, X., Huang, S., He, Z., Wu, F., Ding, R., Chen, Y., Liang, C., Wu, Z."Dysfunction of the thymus in mice with hypertension". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13.4 (2017): 1386-1392.
Chicago
Dai, X., Huang, S., He, Z., Wu, F., Ding, R., Chen, Y., Liang, C., Wu, Z."Dysfunction of the thymus in mice with hypertension". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 13, no. 4 (2017): 1386-1392. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4125
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team