Modulatory effects of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene on resistant hypertension patients

The present study explored the modulatory potential of hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene on resistant hypertension patients. The mechanistic information for resistant hypertension was explored by studying the pressure‑natriuresis curves between the salt sensitive population and non-salt sensitive population. A cohort of 23 patients with non-hypertension (NH) (13 males and 10 females; aged from 23 to 62 years), 26 patients with controlled hypertension (CH) (14 males and 12 females; aged from 19 to 72 years) and 23 patients with resistant hypertension (RH) (13 males and 10 females; aged from 19 to 76 years) were selected. The patients were divided into two main groups on the basis of salt sensitivity viz. salt sensitive (SS) and non-SS (NSS) groups. These two groups were further classified into four subgroups based on the diuretic drug used. Hydrochlorothiazide-treated subgroups were named as salt sensitive hydrochlorothiazide (SSHy) and non‑SSHy (NSSHy) groups. Similarly, triamterene-treated subgroups were named as salt sensitive triamterene (SSTr) and non-SSTr (NSSTr) groups. Treatment continued for 2 weeks and the pressure‑natriuresis curves were recorded. Additionally, the plasma aldosterone and renin activity was monitored by radioimmunoassay. The pressure‑natriuresis curves of the SS group were shifted towards the right relative to NSS group. On the other hand, hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene treatments reversed the changes of pressure-natriuresis curves. Moreover, significant differences were observed among various important indices including plasma aldosterone, renin activity, office blood pressure as evaluated by the chronic salt load test and diuretic intervention tests. The study concludes that hydrochlorothiazide and triamterene hold good potential as an efficient modulator of resistive hypertension.