Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
July-2017 Volume 14 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
July-2017 Volume 14 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

Dexmedetomidine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes

  • Authors:
    • Ke Peng
    • Yun Qiu
    • Jian Li
    • Zhao‑Cai Zhang
    • Fu‑Hai Ji
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Anesthesiology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Soochow University, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215006, P.R. China, Department of Anesthesiology, Suzhou Yongding Hospital, Suzhou, Jiangsu 215299, P.R. China, Department of Intensive Care Medicine, The Second Affiliated Hospital of Zhejiang University School of Medicine, Hangzhou, Zhejiang 310009, P.R. China
    Copyright: © Peng et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 689-695
    |
    Published online on: June 1, 2017
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4537
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

Systemic administration of dexmedetomidine provides cardioprotection against ischemia/reperfusion (I/R) injury; however, the direct effects of dexmedetomidine on cardiomyocytes have not been clarified. The present study investigated the effects of dexmedetomidine on primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes under hypoxic/reoxygenation (H/R) conditions. In order to simulate in vivo I/R injury, primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes were cultured under hypoxic conditions for 1 h and subsequently reoxygenated for 24 h. The effects of preconditioning with dexmedetomidine 2 h before hypoxia and postconditioning during reoxygenation were also examined. Cellular viability and activity were analyzed by monitoring the dynamic response profile of living cells using a real‑time cell analyzer system. A special scaled index, defined as the normalized cell index (NCI), was used to minimize the influence of inter‑experimental variations. The dose‑effect curve was generated from the area under the time‑course curve values of NCI. H/R exposure markedly decreased cell viability and activity. Furthermore, no cytotoxicity was associated with a clinically relevant concentration of dexmedetomidine. Preconditioning with dexmedetomidine concentration‑dependently ameliorated the reductions in NCI in cardiomyocytes following H/R injury. Additionally, postconditioning with dexmedetomidine improved the reductions in NCI at concentrations between 3 and 200 nM. Finally, the effect of 3‑40 nM dexmedetomidine postconditioning was greater than preconditioning. These results indicated that preconditioning and postconditioning with dexmedetomidine attenuated H/R injury in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes at the cellular level.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Figure 6

View References

1 

Sluijter JP, Condorelli G, Davidson SM, Engel FB, Ferdinandy P, Hausenloy DJ, Lecour S, Madonna R, Ovize M, Ruiz-Meana M, et al: Novel therapeutic strategies for cardioprotection. Pharmacol Ther. 144:60–70. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

2 

Moran AE, Forouzanfar MH, Roth GA, Mensah GA, Ezzati M, Murray CJ and Naghavi M: Temporal trends in ischemic heart disease mortality in 21 world regions, 1980 to 2010: The Global Burden of Disease 2010 study. Circulation. 129:1483–1492. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Poldermans D, Hoeks SE and Feringa HH: Pre-operative risk assessment and risk reduction before surgery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 51:1913–1924. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Keeley EC, Boura JA and Grines CL: Primary angioplasty versus intravenous thrombolytic therapy for acute myocardial infarction: A quantitative review of 23 randomised trials. Lancet. 361:13–20. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

5 

Kloner RA: Does reperfusion injury exist in humans? J Am Coll Cardiol. 21:537–545. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Hausenloy DJ and Yellon DM: Myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury: A neglected therapeutic target. J Clin Invest. 123:92–100. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

7 

Gerlach AT, Murphy CV and Dasta JF: An updated focused review of dexmedetomidine in adults. Ann Pharmacother. 43:2064–2074. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

8 

Ji F, Li Z, Nguyen H, Young N, Shi P, Fleming N and Liu H: Perioperative dexmedetomidine improves outcomes of cardiac surgery. Circulation. 127:1576–1584. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

9 

Ji F, Li Z, Young N, Moore P and Liu H: Perioperative dexmedetomidine improves mortality in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass surgery. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 28:267–273. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Yoshitomi O, Cho S, Hara T, Shibata I, Maekawa T, Ureshino H and Sumikawa K: Direct protective effects of dexmedetomidine against myocardial ischemia- reperfusion injury in anesthetized pigs. Shock. 38:92–97. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Okada H, Kurita T, Mochizuki T, Morita K and Sato S: The cardioprotective effect of dexmedetomidine on global ischaemia in isolated rat hearts. Resuscitation. 74:538–545. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Ibacache M, Sanchez G, Pedrozo Z, Galvez F, Humeres C, Echevarria G, Duaso J, Hassi M, Garcia L, Díaz-Araya G and Lavandero S: Dexmedetomidine preconditioning activates pro-survival kinases and attenuates regional ischemia/reperfusion injury in rat heart. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1822:537–545. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Mimuro S, Katoh T, Suzuki A, Yu S, Adachi YU, Uraoka M, Sano H and Sato S: Deterioration of myocardial injury due to dexmedetomidine administration after myocardial ischaemia. Resuscitation. 81:1714–1717. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Guide for the Care and Use of Laboratory Animals. NIH Publication No. 85 23, . 1996.

15 

Zhang C, Lin G, Wan W, Li X, Zeng B, Yang B and Huang C: Resveratrol, a polyphenol phytoalexin, protects cardiomyocytes against anoxia/reoxygenation injury via the TLR4/NF-κB signalling pathway. Int J Mol Med. 29:557–563. 2012.PubMed/NCBI

16 

Chrysostomou C and Schmitt CG: Dexmedetomidine: Sedation, analgesia and beyond. Expert Opin Drug Metab Toxicol. 4:619–627. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Ebert TJ, Hall JE, Barney JA, Uhrich TD and Colinco MD: The effects of increasing plasma concentrations of dexmedetomidine in humans. Anesthesiology. 93:382–394. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Ren C, Bao YR, Meng XS, Diao YP and Kang TG: Comparison of the protective effects of ferulic acid and its drug-containing plasma on primary cultured neonatal rat cardiomyocytes with hypoxia/reoxygenation injury. Pharmacogn Mag. 9:202–209. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Garcia SN, Gutierrez L and McNulty A: Real-time cellular analysis as a novel approach for in vitro cytotoxicity testing of medical device extracts. J Biomed Mater Res Part A. 101:2097–2106. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar

20 

Pan T, Khare S, Ackah F, Huang B, Zhang W, Gabos S, Jin C and Stampfl M: In vitro cytotoxicity assessment based on KC(50) with real-time cell analyzer (RTCA) assay. Comput Biol Chem. 47:113–120. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Xi B, Wang T, Li N, Ouyang W, Zhang W, Wu J, Xu X, Wang X and Abassi YA: Functional cardiotoxicity profiling and screening using the xCELLigence RTCA cardio system. J Lab Autom. 16:415–421. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

Atienzar FA, Tilmant K, Gerets HH, Toussaint G, Speeckaert S, Hanon E, Depelchin O and Dhalluin S: The use of real-time cell analyzer technology in drug discovery: Defining optimal cell culture conditions and assay reproducibility with different adherent cellular models. J Biomol Screen. 16:575–587. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Kirstein SL, Atienza JM, Xi B, Zhu J, Yu N, Wang X, Xu X and Abassi YA: Live cell quality control and utility of real-time cell electronic sensing for assay development. Assay Drug Dev Technol. 4:545–553. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Quereda JJ, Martínez-Alarcón L, Mendoça L, Majado MJ, Herrero-Medrano JM, Pallarés FJ, Ríos A, Ramírez P, Muñoz A and Ramis G: Validation of xCELLigence real-time cell analyzer to assess compatibility in xenotransplantation with pig-to-baboon model. Transplant Proc. 42:pp. 3239–3243. 2010; View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

25 

Huang L, Xie L, Boyd JM and Li XF: Cell-electronic sensing of particle-induced cellular responses. Analyst. 133:643–648. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Xing JZ, Zhu L, Jackson JA, Gabos S, Sun XJ, Wang XB and Xu X: Dynamic monitoring of cytotoxicity on microelectronic sensors. Chem Res Toxicol. 18:154–161. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

27 

Yamashita N, Nishida M, Hoshida S, Kuzuya T, Hori M, Taniguchi N, Kamada T and Tada M: Induction of manganese superoxide dismutase in rat cardiac myocytes increases tolerance to hypoxia 24 h after preconditioning. J Clin Invest. 94:2193–2199. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Iwaki K, Chi SH, Dillmann WH and Mestril R: Induction of HSP70 in cultured rat neonatal cardiomyocytes by hypoxia and metabolic stress. Circ Res. 87:2023–2032. 1993. View Article : Google Scholar

29 

Archer SL, Hampl V, Nelson DP, Sidney E, Peterson DA and Weir EK: Dithionite increases radical formation and decreases vasoconstriction in the lung. Evidence that dithionite does not mimic alveolar hypoxia. Circ Res. 77:174–181. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Yu MF, Gorenne I, Su X, Moreland RS and Kotlikoff MI: Sodium hydrosulfite contractions of smooth muscle are calcium and myosin phosphorylation independent. Am J Physiol. 275:L976–L982. 1998.PubMed/NCBI

31 

Sun J, Li YZ, Ding YH, Wang J, Geng J, Yang H, Ren J, Tang JY and Gao J: Neuroprotective effects of gallic acid against hypoxia/reoxygenation-induced mitochondrial dysfunctions in vitro and cerebral ischemia/reperfusion injury in vivo. Brain Res. 1589:126–139. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Luo L, Lü L, Lu Y, Zhang L, Li B, Guo K, Chen L, Wang Y, Shao Y and Xu J: Effects of hypoxia on progranulin expression in HT22 mouse hippocampal cells. Mol Med Rep. 9:1675–1680. 2014.PubMed/NCBI

33 

Rigatto H, Fitzgerald SF, Willis MA and Yu C: In search of the real respiratory neurons: Culture of medullary fetal cells sensitive to CO2 and low pH. Biol Neonate. 65:149–155. 1994. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Abassi YA, Xi B, Zhang W, Ye P, Kirstein SL, Gaylord MR, Feinstein SC, Wang X and Xu X: Kinetic cell-based morphological screening: Prediction of mechanism of compound action and off-target effects. Chem Biol. 16:712–723. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

35 

Willigers HM, Prinzen FW, Roekaerts PM, de Lange S and Durieux ME: Dexmedetomidine decreases perioperative myocardial lactate release in dogs. Anesth Analg. 96:657–664. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

36 

Meissner A, Weber TP, van Aken H, Zbieranek K and Rolf N: Clonidine improve recovery from myocardial stunning in conscious chronically instrumented dogs. Anesth Analg. 87:1009–1014. 1998. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

37 

Roekaerts PM, Prinzen FW and De Lange S: Beneficial effects of dexmedetomidine on ischaemic myocardium of anaesthetized dogs. Br J Anaesth. 77:427–429. 1996. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

38 

Lawrence CJ, Prinzen FW and de Lange S: Hemodynamic and coronary vascular effects of dexmedetomidine in the anesthetized goat. Acta Anaesthesiol Scand. 41:830–836. 1997. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

39 

Jalonen J, Halkola L, Kuttila K, Perttilä J, Rajalin A, Savunen T, Scheinin M and Valtonen M: Effects of dexmedetomidine on coronary hemodynamics and myocardial oxygen balance. J Cardiothorac Vasc Anesth. 9:519–524. 1995. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

40 

Miyamoto MI, Rockman HA, Guth BD, Heusch G and Ross J Jr: Effect of alpha-adrenergic stimulation on regional contractile function and myocardial blood flow with and without ischemia. Circulation. 84:1715–1724. 1991. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

41 

Chilian WM and Ackell PH: Transmural differences in sympathetic coronary constriction during exercise in the presence of coronary stenosis. Circ Res. 62:216–225. 1988. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

42 

Heusch G, Schipke J and Thämer V: Clonidine prevents the sympathetic initiation and aggravation of poststenotic myocardial ischemia. J Cardiovasc Pharmacol. 7:1176–1182. 1985. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

43 

Guo H, Takahashi S, Cho S, Hara T, Tomiyasu S and Sumikawa K: The effects of dexmedetomidine on left ventricular function during hypoxia and reoxygenation in isolated rat hearts. Anesth Analg. 100:629–635. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Peng K, Qiu Y, Li J, Zhang ZC and Ji FH: Dexmedetomidine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Exp Ther Med 14: 689-695, 2017.
APA
Peng, K., Qiu, Y., Li, J., Zhang, Z., & Ji, F. (2017). Dexmedetomidine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14, 689-695. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4537
MLA
Peng, K., Qiu, Y., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Ji, F."Dexmedetomidine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14.1 (2017): 689-695.
Chicago
Peng, K., Qiu, Y., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Ji, F."Dexmedetomidine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14, no. 1 (2017): 689-695. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4537
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Peng K, Qiu Y, Li J, Zhang ZC and Ji FH: Dexmedetomidine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Exp Ther Med 14: 689-695, 2017.
APA
Peng, K., Qiu, Y., Li, J., Zhang, Z., & Ji, F. (2017). Dexmedetomidine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 14, 689-695. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4537
MLA
Peng, K., Qiu, Y., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Ji, F."Dexmedetomidine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14.1 (2017): 689-695.
Chicago
Peng, K., Qiu, Y., Li, J., Zhang, Z., Ji, F."Dexmedetomidine attenuates hypoxia/reoxygenation injury in primary neonatal rat cardiomyocytes". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 14, no. 1 (2017): 689-695. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.4537
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team