Effects of yak‑activated protein on hematopoiesis and related cytokines in radiation‑induced injury in mice

Duan,Yabin; Yao,Xingchen; Zhu,Junbo; Li,Yongping; Zhang,Juanling; Zhou,Xuejiao; Qiao,Yijie; Yang,Meng; Li,Xiangyang

doi:10.3892/etm.2017.5256

Effects of yak‑activated protein on hematopoiesis and related cytokines in radiation‑induced injury in mice

Authors:
- Yabin Duan
- Xingchen Yao
- Junbo Zhu
- Yongping Li
- Juanling Zhang
- Xuejiao Zhou
- Yijie Qiao
- Meng Yang
- Xiangyang Li
View Affiliations

Affiliations: Department of Clinical Pharmacy, Qinghai University Affiliated Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China, Department of Radiotherapy Oncology, Qinghai People's Hospital, Xining, Qinghai 810007, P.R. China, Department of Pharmacy, Medical College, Quinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China, Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Medical College, Quinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810001, P.R. China, Department of Biology Resources, College of Eco‑Environmental Engineering, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, P.R. China, Medical College, Qinghai University, Xining, Qinghai 810016, P.R. China
Published online on: October 3, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5256
Pages: 5297-5304
Copyright: © Duan et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )

Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the protective effects of yak‑activated protein on hematopoiesis and cytokine function in radiation‑induced injury in mice. A total of 180 Kunming mice were randomly divided into three groups (A, B and C). Of these, 60 were randomly divided into a normal control group, a radiation model group, a positive control group and 3 yak‑activated protein groups (high, medium and low dose groups; 10, 5 and 2.5 mg/kg, respectively). The other 120 mice were used for the subsequent experiments on days 7 and 14 following radiation. Yak‑activated protein was administered orally to mice in the treatment groups and an equal volume of saline was administered orally to mice in the normal control and radiation model groups for 14 days. The positive control group received amifostine (150 mg/kg) via intraperitoneal injection. With the exception of the control group, the groups of mice received a 5 Gy quantity of X‑radiation evenly over their whole body once. Changes in the peripheral hemogram, thymus and spleen indices, DNA content in the bone marrow, interleukin (IL)‑2 and IL‑6 levels, and the expression levels of B cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl‑2) and Bcl‑2‑associated X protein (Bax) following irradiation were assessed. The low dose of yak‑activated protein significantly increased Spleen indices in mice 14 days after irradiation and the high and middle dose of yak‑activated protein significantly increased Thymus indices in mice 14 days after irradiation (P<0.05) compared with the control group. In addition, hemogram results increased gradually in the low‑yak‑activated protein dose group and were significantly higher 7 days after irradiation compared with the radiation model group (P<0.05). The DNA content in the bone marrow was markedly increased in the yak‑activated protein groups, and increased significantly in the low dose group at 7 days post‑irradiation compared with the radiation model group (P<0.05). The IL‑2 content was significantly increased in the yak‑activated protein groups (P<0.05). Furthermore, Bcl‑2 expression was increased and Bax expression was decreased (P<0.05). These results suggest that yak‑activated protein exerts protective effects against radiation‑induced injury in mice. The optimal effects of yak‑activated protein were observed in the medium dose group 14 days after irradiation.

View Figures

View References

1	Wicki A, Witzigmann D, Balasubramanian V and Huwyler J: Nanomedicine in cancer therapy: Challenges, opportunities, and clinical applications. J Control Release. 200:138–157. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Chen L, Liu Y, Dong L and Chu X: Edaravone protects human peripheral blood lymphocytes from γ-irradiation-induced Apoptosis and DNA Damage. Cell Stress Chaperones. 20:289–295. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Staples JA, Ponsonby AL, Lim LL and McMichael AJ: Ecologic analysis of some immune-related disorders, including type 1 diabetes, in Australia: Latitude, regional ultraviolet radiation, and disease prevalence. Environ Health Perspect. 111:518–523. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Rouleau M, Patel A, Hendzel MJ, Kaufmann SH and Poirier GG: PARP inhibition: PARP1 and beyond. Nat Rev Cancer. 10:293–301. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Choi HN, Chung MJ, Park JK and Yong IP: Neuroprotective effects of N-Acetylglucosamine against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in human neuronal SK-N-SH cells by inhibiting the activation of caspase-3, PARP, and p38. Food Sci Biotechnol. 22:853–858. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
6	Koukourakis MI: Amifostine in clinical oncology: Current use and future applications. Anticancer Drugs. 13:181–209. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Hospers GA, Eisenhauer EA and de Vries EG: The sulfhydryl containing compounds WR-2721 and glutathione as radio-and chemoprotective agents. A review, indications for use and prospects. Br J Cancer. 80:629–638. 1999. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	Li HY, Zhao Y, Sun XD, Bai XZ and Zhao DQ: Effect of ginseng protein against radiation injury in mice. Shizhen Guo Yi Guo Yao. 21:2143–2144. 2010.(In Chinese).
9	Deng Q, Chen C, Duan H, Wang L and Xie B: Protection effect of ginkgo albumin extract on γ-ray irradiated mice. J Radiat Res Radiat Process. 23:360–365. 2005.
10	Wei C: The effects of lactoferrin against injuries induced by radiation (unpublished masters thesis). Jinan University. 2013.(In Chinese).
11	Guinan EC, Barbon CM, Kalish LA, Parmar K, Kutok J, Mancuso CJ, Stoler-Barak L, Suter EE, Russell JD, Palmer CD, et al: Bactericidal/permeability-increasing protein (rBPI21) and fluoroquinolone mitigate radiation-induced bone marrow aplasia and death. Sci Transl Med. 3:110ra1182011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Wen J, Zhao J, Bi X, Jin ZL, Jin RY and Ru BG: The experimental study on anti-radiation effect of metallothionein. Ying Yang Xue Bao. 23:44–47. 2001.(In Chinese).
13	Seed TM, Inal CE and Singh VK: Radioprotection of hematopoietic progenitors by low dose amifostine prophylaxis. Int J Radiat Biol. 90:594–604. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Ren GP, Li YY and Gu WY: Advancement in physiological function of gln - A conditionally essential amino acid and its use in nutrition. Anjisuan He Shengwu Ziyuan. 23:39–43. 2001.(In Chinese).
15	Suh SS, Hwang J, Park M, Seo HH, Kim HS, Lee JH, Moh SH and Lee TK: Anti-inflammation activities of mycosporine-like amino acids (MAAs) in response to UV radiation suggest potential anti-skin aging activity. Mar Drugs. 12:5174–5187. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Wakabayashi H, Yamauchi K and Takase M: Lactoferrin research, technology, and applications. Int Dairy J. 16:1241–1251. 2006. View Article : Google Scholar
17	Xu B, Yao X, Tie J, Lu D, Yuan M, Li Y, Zhu J and Li X: The immunoregulation effect of yak activated protein on murine immune system. J Qing hai Med College. 34:54–56. 2013.
18	Marusyk A, Casás-Selves M, Henry CJ, Zaberezhnyy V, Klawitter J, Christians U and DeGregori J: Irradiation alters selection for oncogenic mutations in hematopoietic progenitors. Cancer Res. 69:7262–7269. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
19	Song JY, Yang HO, Shim JY, Ji-Yeon-Ahn, Han YS, Jung IS and Yun YS: Radiation protective effect of an extract from Chelidonium majus. Int J Hematol. 78:226–232. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
20	Zhang Y, Wu H and Guan XJ: Effect of prophylactic administration with angelica polysaccharides on expression of adhesion molecules and cell cycle of bone marrow mononuclear cells of radiation injured mice. Chin J Biologicals. 23:627–631. 2010.
21	Xie XD, Su G, Nian XF, Ma GR and Jia ZP: Protective effect of chondroitin sulfate-A on X-ray irradiated mice. J Northwest Normal University (Natural Science). 49:86–90. 2013.
22	Fang JJ, Zhu ZY, Dong H, Zheng GQ, Teng AG and Liu AJ: Effect of spleen lymphocytes on the splenomegaly in hepatocellular carcinoma-bearing mice. Biomed Environ Sci. 27:17–26. 2014.PubMed/NCBI
23	Fan ZL, Wang ZY, Zuo LL and Tian SQ: Protective effect of anthocyanins from lingonberry on radiation-induced damages. Int J Environ Res Public Health. 9:4732–4743. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
24	Tajima G, Delisle AJ, Hoang K, O'Leary FM, Ikeda K, Hanschen M, Stoecklein VM and Lederer JA: Immune system phenotyping of radiation and radiation combined injury in outbred mice. Radiat Res. 179:101–112. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
25	Choi HN, Chung MJ, Park JK and Park Y: Neuroprotective effects of N-Acetylglucosamine against hydrogen peroxide-induced apoptosis in human neuronal SK-N-SH cells by inhibiting the activation of caspase-3, PARP and p38. Food Sci Biotechnol. 22:853–858. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar
26	Wei S, Egenti MU, Teitz-Tennenbaum S, Zou W and Chang AE: Effects of tumor irradi-ation on host T-regulatory cells and systemic immunity in the context of adoptive T-cell therapy in mice. J Immunother. 36:124–132. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
27	Xie P, Qin ZY and Tang MJ: Research developments in anti-radiation effects of polysaccharide. Zhongguo Fu She Wei Sheng. 19:507–509. 2010.(In Chinese).
28	Bhilwade HN, Jayakumar S and Chaubey RC: Age-dependent changes in spontaneous frequency of micronucleated erythrocytes in bone marrow and DNA damage in peripheral blood of Swiss mice. Mutat Res Genet Toxicol Environ Mutagen. 770:80–84. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
29	Yao XC and Li XY: Research advance about anti-radiation effect of protein. Shandong Yi Yao. 54:88–90. 2014.(In Chinese).
30	Johnke RM, Sattler JA and Allison RR: Radioprotective agents for radiation therapy: Future trends. Future Oncol. 10:2345–2357. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
31	Lin Z, Nei M and Ma H: The origins and early evolution of DNA mismatch repair genes-multiple horizontal gene transfers and co-evolution. Nucleic Acids Resr. 35:7591–7603. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar
32	Widel M, Jedrus S, Lukaszczyk B, Raczek-Zwierzycka K and Swierniak A: Radiation-induced micronucleus frequency in peripheral blood lymphocytes is correlated with normal tissue damage in patients with cervical carcinoma undergoing radiotherapy. Radiat Res. 159:713–721. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
33	He Y, Fang J, Peng X, Cui H, Zuo Z, Deng J, Chen Z, Lai W, Shu G and Tang L: Effects of Sodium Selenite on Aflatoxin B1-induced decrease of ileac T cell and the mRNA Contents of IL-2, IL-6, and TNF-α in Broilers. Biol Trace Elem Res. 159:167–173. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
34	Schulte-Herbrüggen O, Nassenstein C, Lommatzsch M, Quarcoo D, Renz H and Braun A: Tumor necrosis factor-alpha and interleukin-6 regulate secretion of brain-derived neurotrophic factor in human monocytes. J Neuroimmunol. 160:204–209. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
35	Wang YH, Jiang LZ, Li Q and Zhong XH: Effect of high power microwave radiation on liver injury and serum cytokine in rats. Acadedemic J Second Military Medical University. 35:672–675. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar
36	Raj PV, Nitesh K, Prateek J, Sankhe MN, Rao JV, Rao CM and Udupa N: Effect of Lecithin on D-galactosamine induced hepatotoxicity through mitochondrial pathway involving Bcl-2 and Bax. Ind J Clin Biochem. 26:378–384. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar
37	Chipuk JE, Kuwana T, Bouchier-Hayes L, Droin NM, Newmeyer DD, Schuler M and Green DR: Direct activation of Bax by p53 mediates mitochondrial membrane permeabilization and apoptosis. Science. 303:1010–1014. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI