Inhibition of chemotherapy‑induced apoptosis of testicular cells by squid ink polysaccharide

Gu,Yi‑Peng; Yang,Xiao‑Mei; Duan,Zhen‑Hua; Luo,Ping; Shang,Jiang‑Hua; Xiao,Wei; Tao,Ye‑Xing; Zhang,Da‑Yan; Zhang,Yun‑Bo; Liu,Hua‑Zhong

doi:10.3892/etm.2017.5342

Inhibition of chemotherapy‑induced apoptosis of testicular cells by squid ink polysaccharide

Authors:
- Yi‑Peng Gu
- Xiao‑Mei Yang
- Zhen‑Hua Duan
- Ping Luo
- Jiang‑Hua Shang
- Wei Xiao
- Ye‑Xing Tao
- Da‑Yan Zhang
- Yun‑Bo Zhang
- Hua‑Zhong Liu
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Affiliations: Institute of Food Research, Hezhou University, Hezhou, Guangxi 542899, P.R. China, Department of Applied Chemistry, College of Chemistry and Environment, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang, Guangdong 524088, P.R. China, Guangxi Buffalo Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Nanning, Guangxi 530001, P.R. China
Published online on: October 18, 2017 https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5342
Pages: 5889-5895
Copyright: © Gu et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.

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Abstract

The aim of this study was to determine the mechanisms driving the protective effects of squid ink polysaccharide (SIP) against cyclophosphamide (CP)‑induced testicular damage, focusing on germ cells. In the testes of mice exposed to CP and/or SIP, the present study examined the levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and malondialdehyde, activity of superoxide dismutase levels, protein expression levels of B‑cell lymphoma 2 (Bcl2), Bcl2‑associated X protein (Bax), and total Caspase 3, activation of p‑p38 and p‑Akt proteins, and tissue morphology. The findings indicated that CP induced ROS production and oxidative stress, resulting in testicular damage. However, under administration of SIP, oxidative stress was impaired and the testicular toxicity induced by CP was weakened, which implied that SIP may have an important role in preventing chemotherapeutic damage to the male reproductive system via promoting antioxidant ability. Furthermore, the altered expression levels, including the upregulation of Bax and Caspase 3, downregulation of Bcl‑2 and the increased Bax/Bcl‑2 ratio, indicated that apoptosis occurred in CP exposed testes of mice; however, the alterations were reversed in mice treated with SIP. Moreover, in CP‑exposed testes, p38 and Akt proteins were significantly phosphorylated (P<0.05), whereas in the testes of mice co‑treated with SIP and CP, phosphorylation of the two proteins was inhibited, demonstrating that the two signalling pathways participated in the regulative processes of the deleterious effects caused by CP, and the preventive effects SIP mediated.

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