Morphological and molecular variations induce mitochondrial dysfunction as a possible underlying mechanism of athletic amenorrhea

Xiong,Ruo‑Hong; Wen,Shi‑Lei; Wang,Qiang; Zhou,Hong‑Ying; Feng,Shi

doi:10.3892/etm.2017.5469

January-2018 Volume 15 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

January-2018 Volume 15 Issue 1

Full Size Image

Article

Morphological and molecular variations induce mitochondrial dysfunction as a possible underlying mechanism of athletic amenorrhea

Authors:
- Ruo‑Hong Xiong
- Shi‑Lei Wen
- Qiang Wang
- Hong‑Ying Zhou
- Shi Feng
View Affiliations / Copyright

Affiliations: Chengdu Sport Institute, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China, Department of Human Anatomy, West China School of Basic Medical and Forensic Medicine, Sichuan University, Chengdu, Sichuan 610041, P.R. China
Pages: 993-998
|
Published online on: November 8, 2017

https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2017.5469
Expand metrics +

Abstract

Female athletes may experience difficulties in achieving pregnancy due to athletic amenorrhea (AA); however, the underlying mechanisms of AA remain unknown. The present study focuses on the mitochondrial alteration and its function in detecting the possible mechanism of AA. An AA rat model was established by excessive swimming. Hematoxylin and eosin staining, and transmission electron microscopic methods were performed to evaluate the morphological changes of the ovary, immunohistochemical examinations and radioimmunoassays were used to detect the reproductive hormones and corresponding receptors. Reverse transcription‑quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT‑qPCR) was used to test the mtDNA copy number. PCR and western blot analysis were used to test the expression of ND2. The change of morphological features of the rat ovaries revealed evident abnormalities. Particularly, the features of the mitochondria were markedly altered. In addition, reproductive hormones in the serum and tissues of AA rats were also detected to evaluate the function of the ovaries, and the levels of these hormones were significantly decreased. Furthermore, the mitochondrial DNA copy number (mtDNA) and expression of NADH dehydrogenase subunit 2 (ND2) were quantitated by qPCR or western blot analysis. Accordingly, the mtDNA copy number and expression of ND2 expression were markedly reduced in the AA rats. In conclusion, mitochondrial dysfunction in AA may affect the cellular energy supply and, therefore, result in dysfunction of the ovary. Thus, mitochondrial dysfunction may be considered as a possible underlying mechanism for the occurrence of AA.

View Figures

View References

1	Warren MP and Perlroth NE: The effects of intense exercise on the female reproductive system. J Endocrinol. 170:3–11. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
2	Berz K and McCambridge T: Amenorrhea in the female athlete: What to do and when to worry. Pediatr Ann. 45:e97–e102. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
3	Stafford DE: Altered hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis function in young female athletes: implications and recommendations for management. Treat Endocrinol. 4:147–154. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
4	Picard M, Wallace DC and Burelle Y: The rise of mitochondria in medicine. Mitochondrion. 30:105–116. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
5	Xie YM, Jin L, Chen XJ, He MN, Wang Y, Liu R, Li MZ and Li XW: Quantitative changes in mitochondrial DNA copy number in various tissues of pigs during growth. Genet Mol Res. 14:1662–1670. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
6	Murakoshi Y, Sueoka K, Takahashi K, Sato S, Sakurai T, Tajima H and Yoshimura Y: Embryo developmental capability and pregnancy outcome are related to the mitochondrial DNA copy number and ooplasmic volume. J Assist Reprod Genet. 30:1367–1375. 2013. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
7	Duran HE, Simsek-Duran F, Oehninger SC, Jones HW Jr and Castora FJ: The association of reproductive senescence with mitochondrial quantity, function and DNA integrity in human oocytes at different stages of maturation. Fertil Steril. 96:384–388. 2011. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
8	May-Panloup P, Chrétien MF, Jacques C, Vasseur C, Malthièry Y and Reynier P: Low oocyte mitochondrial DNA content in ovarian insufficiency. Hum Reprod. 20:593–597. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
9	Dadgostar H, Razi M, Aleyasin A, Alenabi T and Dahaghin S: The relation between athletic sports and prevalence of amenorrhea and oligomenorrhea in Iranian female athletes. Sports Med Arthrosc Rehabil Ther Technol. 1:162009.PubMed/NCBI
10	Falkenberg M, Larsson NG and Gustafsson CM: DNA replication and transcription in mammalian mitochondria. Annu Rev Biochem. 76:679–699. 2007. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
11	Hoeks J and Schrauwen P: Muscle mitochondria and insulin resistance: A human perspective. Trends Endocrinol Metab. 23:444–450. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
12	Zhuo G, Ding Y, Feng G, Yu L and Jiang Y: Analysis of mitochondrial DNA sequence variants in patients with polycystic ovary syndrome. Arch Gynecol Obstet. 286:653–659. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
13	May-Panloup P, Boucret L, Chao de la Barca JM, Desquiret-Dumas V, Ferré-L'Hotellier V, Morinière C, Descamps P, Procaccio V and Reynier P: Ovarian ageing: The role of mitochondria in oocytes and follicles. Hum Reprod Update. 22:725–743. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
14	Devine K, Mumford SL, Wu M, DeCherney AH, Hill MJ and Propst A: Diminished ovarian reserve in the United States assisted reproductive technology population: Diagnostic trends among 181,536 cycles from the society for assisted reproductive technology clinic outcomes reporting system. Fertil Steril. 104:612–619 e613. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
15	Efremov RG, Baradaran R and Sazanov LA: The architecture of respiratory complex I. Nature. 465:441–445. 2010. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
16	Wirth C, Brandt U, Hunte C and Zickermann V: Structure and function of mitochondrial complex I. Biochim Biophys Acta. 1857:902–914. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI
17	Reed BG and Carr BR: The Normal Menstrual Cycle and the Control of Ovulation. MDText.com, Inc.; South Dartmouth MA: 2000

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Oncology

Molecular Medicine Reports

Oncology Reports

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Oncology Letters

Biomedical Reports

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

World Academy of Sciences Journal

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Epigenetics

Medicine International

Morphological and molecular variations induce mitochondrial dysfunction as a possible underlying mechanism of athletic amenorrhea

This article is mentioned in:

Abstract

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Related Articles