Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Oncology Letters
      • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • Information for Authors
    • Information for Reviewers
    • Information for Librarians
    • Information for Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Spandidos Publications Logo
  • About
    • About Spandidos
    • Aims and Scopes
    • Abstracting and Indexing
    • Editorial Policies
    • Reprints and Permissions
    • Job Opportunities
    • Terms and Conditions
    • Contact
  • Journals
    • All Journals
    • Biomedical Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Epigenetics
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Functional Nutrition
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Molecular Medicine
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • International Journal of Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Medicine International
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular and Clinical Oncology
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Molecular Medicine Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Letters
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • Oncology Reports
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
    • World Academy of Sciences Journal
      • Information for Authors
      • Editorial Policies
      • Editorial Board
      • Aims and Scope
      • Abstracting and Indexing
      • Bibliographic Information
      • Archive
  • Articles
  • Information
    • For Authors
    • For Reviewers
    • For Librarians
    • For Advertisers
    • Conferences
  • Language Editing
Login Register Submit
  • This site uses cookies
  • You can change your cookie settings at any time by following the instructions in our Cookie Policy. To find out more, you may read our Privacy Policy.

    I agree
Search articles by DOI, keyword, author or affiliation
Search
Advanced Search
presentation
Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine
Join Editorial Board Propose a Special Issue
Print ISSN: 1792-0981 Online ISSN: 1792-1015
Journal Cover
May-2018 Volume 15 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

Journals

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine

International Journal of Molecular Medicine is an international journal devoted to molecular mechanisms of human disease.

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology

International Journal of Oncology is an international journal devoted to oncology research and cancer treatment.

Molecular Medicine Reports

Molecular Medicine Reports

Covers molecular medicine topics such as pharmacology, pathology, genetics, neuroscience, infectious diseases, molecular cardiology, and molecular surgery.

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports

Oncology Reports is an international journal devoted to fundamental and applied research in Oncology.

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine

Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine is an international journal devoted to laboratory and clinical medicine.

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters

Oncology Letters is an international journal devoted to Experimental and Clinical Oncology.

Biomedical Reports

Biomedical Reports

Explores a wide range of biological and medical fields, including pharmacology, genetics, microbiology, neuroscience, and molecular cardiology.

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

Molecular and Clinical Oncology

International journal addressing all aspects of oncology research, from tumorigenesis and oncogenes to chemotherapy and metastasis.

World Academy of Sciences Journal

World Academy of Sciences Journal

Multidisciplinary open-access journal spanning biochemistry, genetics, neuroscience, environmental health, and synthetic biology.

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

International Journal of Functional Nutrition

Open-access journal combining biochemistry, pharmacology, immunology, and genetics to advance health through functional nutrition.

International Journal of Epigenetics

International Journal of Epigenetics

Publishes open-access research on using epigenetics to advance understanding and treatment of human disease.

Medicine International

Medicine International

An International Open Access Journal Devoted to General Medicine.

Journal Cover
May-2018 Volume 15 Issue 5

Full Size Image

Sign up for eToc alerts
Recommend to Library

  • Article
  • Citations
    • Cite This Article
    • Download Citation
    • Create Citation Alert
    • Remove Citation Alert
    • Cited By
  • Similar Articles
    • Related Articles (in Spandidos Publications)
    • Similar Articles (Google Scholar)
    • Similar Articles (PubMed)
  • Download PDF
  • Download XML
  • View XML
Article Open Access

The association between different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid and CHAD, HIF-1α, COL2A1 expression in chondrocyte cultures

  • Authors:
    • Duygu Yasar Sirin
    • Necati Kaplan
    • Ibrahim Yilmaz
    • Numan Karaarslan
    • Hanefi Ozbek
    • Yener Akyuva
    • Yasin Emre Kaya
    • Kadir Oznam
    • Nuray Akkaya
    • Olcay Guler
    • Semih Akkaya
    • Mahir Mahirogullari
  • View Affiliations / Copyright

    Affiliations: Department of Molecular Biology and Genetics, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Namik Kemal University, Tekirdag 59030, Turkey, Department of Neurosurgery, Istanbul Rumeli University, Tekirdag 59680, Turkey, Department of Medical Pharmacology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34810, Turkey, Department of Neurosurgery, Namik Kemal University School of Medicine, Tekirdag 59060, Turkey, Department of Neurosurgery, Gaziosmanpasa Taksim Training and Research Hospital, Istanbul 34433, Turkey, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Abant Izzet Baysal University School of Medicine, Bolu 14000, Turkey, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Istanbul Medipol University School of Medicine, Istanbul 34214, Turkey, Department of Physical Medicine and Rehabilitation, Pamukkale University School of Medicine, Denizli 20070, Turkey, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Medical Park Health Group, Istanbul 34180, Turkey, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Denizli Private Hospital, Denizli 20070, Turkey, Department of Orthopedics and Traumatology, Memorial Health Group, Istanbul 34758, Turkey
    Copyright: © Sirin et al. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of Creative Commons Attribution License.
  • Pages: 4205-4212
    |
    Published online on: March 9, 2018
       https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5943
  • Expand metrics +
Metrics: Total Views: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Metrics: Total PDF Downloads: 0 (Spandidos Publications: | PMC Statistics: )
Cited By (CrossRef): 0 citations Loading Articles...

This article is mentioned in:



Abstract

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of three different formulations of hyaluronic acid (HA): Low molecular weight (MW) Sinovial One®, medium MW Viscoplus® and high MW Durolane®, on chondrocyte proliferation and collagen type II (COL2A1), hypoxia‑inducible factor 1α (HIF‑1α) and chondroadherin (CHAD) expression in primary chondrocyte cultures. Standard primary chondrocyte cultures were established from osteochondral tissues surgically obtained from 6 patients with gonarthrosis. Cell morphology was evaluated using an inverted light microscope; cell proliferation was determined with a MTT assay and confirmed with acridine orange/propidium iodide staining. Levels of CHAD, COL2A1 and HIF‑1α expression were assessed using specific TaqMan gene expression assays. The results demonstrated the positive effect of HA treatment on cell proliferation, which was independent from the MW. COL2A1 expression increased in the medium and high MW HA treated groups. It was observed that HIF‑1α expression increased in the high MW treated group alone. CHAD expression increased only in the medium MW HA treated group. Evaluation of gene expression revealed that levels of expression increased as the duration of HA application increased, in the medium and high MW HA treated groups. In terms of increased viability and proliferation, a longer duration of HA application was more effective. Taken together, it may be concluded that the administration of medium and high MW HA may be a successful way of treating diseases affecting chondrocytes in a clinical setting.
View Figures

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

View References

1 

Aggarwal A and Sempowski IP: Hyaluronic acid injections for knee osteoarthritis. Systematic review of the literature. Can Fam Physician. 50:249–256. 2004.PubMed/NCBI

2 

Zelzer E, Mamluk R, Ferrara N, Johnson RS, Schipani E and Olsen BR: VEGFA is necessary for chondrocyte survival during bone development. Development. 131:2161–2171. 2004. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

3 

Charlier E, Relic B, Deroyer C, Malaise O, Neuville S, Collée J, Malaise MG and De Seny D: Insights on molecular mechanisms of chondrocytes death in osteoarthritis. Int J Mol Sci. 17:E21462016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

4 

Neustadt DH: Intra-articular injections for osteoarthritis of the knee. Cleve Clin J Med. 73(897–898): 901–904, 906–911. 2006.

5 

Bauer C, Niculescu-Morzsa E, Jeyakumar V, Kern D, Späth SS and Nehrer S: Chondroprotective effect of high-molecular-weight hyaluronic acid on osteoarthritic chondrocytes in a co-cultivation inflammation model with M1 macrophages. J Inflamm (Lond). 13:312016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

6 

Kelly MA, Moskowitz RW and Lieberman JR: Hyaluronan therapy: Looking toward the future. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 33 2 Suppl:S23–S28. 2004.

7 

McGrath AF, McGrath AM, Jessop MA, Gandham S, Datta G, Dawson-Bowling S and Cannon SR: A comparison of intra-articular hyaluronic acid competitors in the treatment of mild to moderate knee osteoarthritis. J Arthritis. 2:12013. View Article : Google Scholar

8 

Kelly MA, Kurzweil PR and Moskowitz RW: Intra-articular hyaluronans in knee osteoarthritis: Rationale and practical considerations. Am J Orthop (Belle Mead NJ). 33 2 Suppl:S15–S22. 2004.

9 

Ghosh P and Guidolin D: Potential mechanism of action of intra-articular hyaluronan therapy in osteoarthritis: Are the effects molecular weight dependent? Semin Arthritis Rheum. 32:10–37. 2002. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

10 

Barreto RB, Sadigursky D, de Rezende MU and Hernandez AJ: Effect of hyaluronic acid on chondrocyte apoptosis. Acta Ortop Bras. 23:90–93. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

11 

Patti AM, Gabriele A, Vulcano A, Ramieri MT and Della Rocca C: Effect of hyaluronic acid on human chondrocyte cell lines from articular cartilage. Tissue Cell. 33:294–300. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

12 

Klangjorhor J, Phitak T, Pruksakorn D, Pothacharoen P and Kongtawelert P: Comparison of growth factor adsorbed scaffold and conventional scaffold with growth factor supplemented media for primary human articular chondrocyte 3D culture. BMC Biotechnol. 14:1082014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

13 

Niebler S, Angele P, Kujat R and Bosserhoff AK: Hypoxia-inducible factor 1 is an inductor of transcription factor activating protein 2 epsilon expression during chondrogenic differentiation. Biomed Res Int. 2015:3805902015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

14 

Kozhemyakina E, Lassar AB and Zelzer E: A pathway to bone: signaling molecules and transcription factors involved in chondrocyte development and maturation. Development. 142:817–831. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

15 

Wang P, Zhang F, He Q, Wang J, Shiu HT, Shu Y, Tsang WP, Liang S, Zhao K and Wan C: Flavonoid compound icariin activates hypoxia inducible factor-1α in chondrocytes and promotes articular cartilage repair. PLoS One. 11:e01483722016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

16 

Batista MA, Nia HT, Önnerfjord P, Cox KA, Ortiz C, Grodzinsky AJ, Heinegård D and Han L: Nanomechanical phenotype of chondroadherin-null murine articular cartilage. Matrix Biol. 38:84–90. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

17 

Kellgren JH and Lawrence JS: Radiological assessment of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis. 16:485–493. 1957. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

18 

Isyar M, Yilmaz I, Sirin Yasar D, Yalcin S, Guler O and Mahirogullari M: A practical way to prepare primer human chondrocyte culture. J Orthop. 13:162–167. 2016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

19 

Rayahin JE, Buhrman JS, Zhang Y, Koh TJ and Gemeinhart RA: High and low molecular weight hyaluronic acid differentially influence macrophage activation. ACS Biomater Sci Eng. 1:481–493. 2015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

20 

Mascotti K, McCullough J and Burger SR: HPC viability measurement: Trypan blue versus acridine orange and propidium iodide. Transfusion. 40:693–696. 2000. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

21 

Livak KJ and Schmittgen TD: Analysis of relative gene expression data using real-time quantitative PCR and the 2(-Delta Delta C(T)) method. Methods. 25:402–408. 2001. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

22 

VanGuilder HD, Vrana KE and Freeman WM: Twenty-five years of quantitative PCR for gene expression analysis. Biotechniques. 44:619–626. 2008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

23 

Smith MM and Ghosh P: The synthesis of hyaluronic acid by human synovial fibroblasts is influenced by the nature of the hyaluronate in the extracellular environment. Rheumatol Int. 7:113–122. 1987. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

24 

Aviad AD and Houpt JB: The molecular weight of therapeutic hyaluronan (sodium hyaluronate): How significant is it? J Rheumatol. 21:297–301. 1994.PubMed/NCBI

25 

Arrich J, Piribauer F, Mad P, Schmid D, Klaushofer K and Müllner M: Intra-articular hyaluronic acid for the treatment of osteoarthritis of the knee: Systematic review and meta-analysis. CMAJ. 172:1039–1043. 2005. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

26 

Zhao H, Liu H, Liang X, Li Y, Wang J and Liu C: Hylan G-F 20 vs. low molecular weight hyaluronic acids for knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis. Bio Drugs. 30:387–396. 2016.

27 

Lo GH, LaValley M, McAlindon T and Felson DT: Intra-articular hyaluronic acid in treatment of knee osteoarthritis: A meta-analysis. JAMA. 290:3115–3121. 2003. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

28 

Gokce A, Yilmaz I, Bircan R, Tonbul M, Gokay NS and Gokce C: Synergistic effect of TGF-β1 and BMP-7 on chondrogenesis and extracellular matrix synthesis: An in vitro study. Open Orthop J. 6:406–413. 2012. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

29 

Gökçe A, Yılmaz I, Gökay NS, Can L and Gökçe C: Does insulin, transferrin and selenous acid preparation effect chondrocyte proliferation? Acta Orthop Traumatol Turc. 48:313–319. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

30 

Isyar M, Bilir B, Yilmaz I, Cakmak S, Sirin DY, Guzelant AY and Mahirogullari M: Are biological agents toxic to human chondrocytes and osteocytes? J Orthop Surg Res. 10:1182015. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

31 

Gumustas SA, Yilmaz İ, Isyar M, Sirin DY, Batmaz AG, Ugras AA, Oznam K, Ciftci Z and Mahirogullari M: Assessing the negative impact of phenyl alkanoic acid derivative, a frequently prescribed drug for the suppression of pain and inflammation, on the differentiation and proliferation of chondrocytes. J Orthop Surg Res. 11:702016. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

32 

Ushijima T, Okazaki K, Tsushima H and Iwamoto Y: CCAAT/enhancer-binding protein β regulates the repression of type II collagen expression during the differentiation from proliferative to hypertrophic chondrocytes. J Biol Chem. 289:2852–2863. 2014. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

33 

Ezura Y, Sekiya I, Koga H, Muneta T and Noda M: Methylation status of CpG islands in the promoter regions of signature genes during chondrogenesis of human synovium-derived mesenchymal stem cells. Arthritis Rheum. 60:1416–1426. 2009. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

34 

Pombo-Suarez M, Calaza M, Gomez-Reino JJ and Gonzalez A: Reference genes for normalization of gene expression studies in human osteoarthritic articular cartilage. BMC Mol Biol. 9:172008. View Article : Google Scholar : PubMed/NCBI

Related Articles

  • Abstract
  • View
  • Download
  • Twitter
Copy and paste a formatted citation
Spandidos Publications style
Sirin DY, Kaplan N, Yilmaz I, Karaarslan N, Ozbek H, Akyuva Y, Kaya YE, Oznam K, Akkaya N, Guler O, Guler O, et al: The association between different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid and CHAD, HIF-1α, COL2A1 expression in chondrocyte cultures. Exp Ther Med 15: 4205-4212, 2018.
APA
Sirin, D.Y., Kaplan, N., Yilmaz, I., Karaarslan, N., Ozbek, H., Akyuva, Y. ... Mahirogullari, M. (2018). The association between different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid and CHAD, HIF-1α, COL2A1 expression in chondrocyte cultures. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 15, 4205-4212. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5943
MLA
Sirin, D. Y., Kaplan, N., Yilmaz, I., Karaarslan, N., Ozbek, H., Akyuva, Y., Kaya, Y. E., Oznam, K., Akkaya, N., Guler, O., Akkaya, S., Mahirogullari, M."The association between different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid and CHAD, HIF-1α, COL2A1 expression in chondrocyte cultures". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15.5 (2018): 4205-4212.
Chicago
Sirin, D. Y., Kaplan, N., Yilmaz, I., Karaarslan, N., Ozbek, H., Akyuva, Y., Kaya, Y. E., Oznam, K., Akkaya, N., Guler, O., Akkaya, S., Mahirogullari, M."The association between different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid and CHAD, HIF-1α, COL2A1 expression in chondrocyte cultures". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15, no. 5 (2018): 4205-4212. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5943
Copy and paste a formatted citation
x
Spandidos Publications style
Sirin DY, Kaplan N, Yilmaz I, Karaarslan N, Ozbek H, Akyuva Y, Kaya YE, Oznam K, Akkaya N, Guler O, Guler O, et al: The association between different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid and CHAD, HIF-1α, COL2A1 expression in chondrocyte cultures. Exp Ther Med 15: 4205-4212, 2018.
APA
Sirin, D.Y., Kaplan, N., Yilmaz, I., Karaarslan, N., Ozbek, H., Akyuva, Y. ... Mahirogullari, M. (2018). The association between different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid and CHAD, HIF-1α, COL2A1 expression in chondrocyte cultures. Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine, 15, 4205-4212. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5943
MLA
Sirin, D. Y., Kaplan, N., Yilmaz, I., Karaarslan, N., Ozbek, H., Akyuva, Y., Kaya, Y. E., Oznam, K., Akkaya, N., Guler, O., Akkaya, S., Mahirogullari, M."The association between different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid and CHAD, HIF-1α, COL2A1 expression in chondrocyte cultures". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15.5 (2018): 4205-4212.
Chicago
Sirin, D. Y., Kaplan, N., Yilmaz, I., Karaarslan, N., Ozbek, H., Akyuva, Y., Kaya, Y. E., Oznam, K., Akkaya, N., Guler, O., Akkaya, S., Mahirogullari, M."The association between different molecular weights of hyaluronic acid and CHAD, HIF-1α, COL2A1 expression in chondrocyte cultures". Experimental and Therapeutic Medicine 15, no. 5 (2018): 4205-4212. https://doi.org/10.3892/etm.2018.5943
Follow us
  • Twitter
  • LinkedIn
  • Facebook
About
  • Spandidos Publications
  • Careers
  • Cookie Policy
  • Privacy Policy
How can we help?
  • Help
  • Live Chat
  • Contact
  • Email to our Support Team